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Gufa (a surgical disease) is entirely caused by external pathogenic factors, typically forming lumps at areas of limb flexion and extension. It presents with diffuse swelling without a distinct head, accompanied by chills and fever, heaviness in the four limbs, and increased irritability and thirst.

[Note] This condition occurs mostly in individuals with weak constitutions due to contracting abnormal epidemic qi from heaven and earth, rather than arising from internal causes. It often arises on the palms of hands and soles of feet, or at flexible areas such as the waist, legs, and buttocks. The pain resembles gout, accompanied by diffuse swelling without a head, pale red discoloration, aversion to cold with fever, and heaviness in the four limbs. At the initial stage, when there is irritability and thirst, it is appropriate to administer Wanling Dan (Ten Thousand Spirits Pill) to induce sweating and release the exterior. If the swelling does not subside and suppuration is inevitable, Tuoli Xiaodu San (Decoction for Supporting the Interior and Eliminating Toxins) should be administered, alternating with Hupo Lafan Wan (Amber and Alum Pill). For cases that have already ulcerated, treatment should follow the methods outlined in the Ulcerative Sores section.

Biaoju (a surgical disease) originates from miasma and pestilential vapors. The lesions are small like millet seeds or large as plums and apricots. Initially presenting as red spots, they subsequently turn black, leading to rotting of muscles and bones with ceaseless pain.

[Note] This condition is also known as Shezhang (Snake Miasma), originating from regions with miasma and pestilence such as Sichuan and Guangdong. It begins as red spots that turn black; the lesions vary in size from millet seeds to plums and can occur anywhere on the body. The pain is severe, unceasing, and feels as if it affects the heart, causing rotting of muscles and bones. Upon ulceration, the pus resembles bean curd dregs; even if cleaned today, the pus refills by the next day, and the condition recurs after healing. At the initial stage, applying Chansu Bing (Toad Venom Cake) is appropriate. If chills and fever alternate, Shumi Cunjindan (Millet-Inch Golden Pill) or Duoming Dan (Life-Rescuing Pill) may be taken. If redness and swelling wander unpredictably, apply Ligong Ding (Ligong Paste) and use Shendengzhao (Divine Lamp Illumination Therapy). After ulceration, if spleen deficiency manifests with poor appetite and vomiting, Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Decoction to Tonify the Middle and Augment Qi) with Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) and Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber) should be used. If tonification yields no response, or if thin, foul-smelling fluid discharges appear, this indicates a adverse prognosis (Ni syndrome).