夫三部之中,俱见一脉,所主杂病,略而言之。《脉经》曰∶阳邪来见浮洪,阴邪来见
,水谷之邪来见实坚,寒癖之邪来见弦小。又曰∶浮而滑者宿食也;短而滑者酒病也;迟而
滑者胀满也;洪而大者伤寒也;浮而数者伤风也;浮而急者,饮食不消,脾不磨也;沉而弦
者,寒气结而阴痛也;浮而缓者,皮肤不仁也;滑而散者,瘫痪也;迟而缓者,寒症也;浮
而涩者,霍乱也;弱而涩者,反胃也;紧而滑者,吐逆也;短而数者,心痛也;弦而数者,
为疟也;紧而急者,尸遁也;实小而坚者,病在内而冷也;浮滑而紧者,病在外而热也;短
而急者,病在上也;长而缓者,病在下也;长而弦者,病在肝也;滑而洪者,病在心也;微
而软者,病在脾也;浮而涩者,病在肺也;沉而紧者,病在肾也。又诀曰∶诸浮为风,或为
虚也;诸紧为痛,或为积也;诸涩为痹,诸弦为饮,诸数为热,诸迟为寒;芤则为失血,软
则为虚。若脉沉沉泽泽,四肢不仁者,亡果也;或大而 者,社祟也;若脉来乍大乍小,
乍短乍长者,鬼祟也。
夫肺者,五脏之华盖也,处于胸中,主于气,候于皮毛。劳伤血气,腠理虚而风邪乘之
感于肺也,则汗出、恶风、咳嗽、短气、鼻塞、项强、胸肋胀满,久久不瘥,已成肺痿也;
风中于卫,呼气不入。热至于荣则吸而不出,所以风伤皮毛,热伤血脉,风热相搏,气血稽
留,蕴结于肺,变成疮疽。诊其脉候,寸口脉数而虚者,肺痿也;数而实者,肺疽也。肺痿
之候,久嗽不已,汗出过度,重亡津液,便如烂瓜,下如豕脂,小便数而不渴,渴者自愈,
欲饮者欲瘥,此由肺多唾涎沫而无脓者,肺痿也。其肺疮之候,口干喘满,咽燥而渴,甚则
四肢微肿,咳唾脓血,或腥臭浊沫,胸中隐隐微痛者,肺疽也。又《圣惠》曰∶中府隐隐而
微痛者,肺疽也;上肉微起者,肺疮也。中府者,穴也,在云门下一寸六分,乳肋间动脉应
手陷中也。是以候始萌则可救,脓成则多死。若欲知有脓者,但诊其脉,若微紧而数者,未
有脓也;紧甚而数者,已有脓也。又《内经》曰∶血热则肉败,荣卫不行,必将为脓。大凡
肺疮当咳嗽短气,胸满时唾脓血,久久如粳米粥者难治,若呕脓而不止者,亦不可治也;其
呕脓而自止者自愈,其脉短而涩者自痊;浮大者难治。其面色当白而反面赤者,此火之克金
,皆不可治。
Among the three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) of the pulse, if only one type of pulse is observed, the miscellaneous diseases it indicates are briefly described as follows. The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: When Yang pathogens arrive, the pulse appears floating and surging (Fu Hong); when Yin pathogens arrive, the pulse appears [missing character, typically Chen/Sinking]; when food and water pathogens arrive, the pulse appears solid and firm (Shi Jian); when cold phlegm-pathogen arrives, the pulse appears wiry and small (Xian Xiao). It also states: A pulse that is floating and slippery indicates retained food; a pulse that is short and slippery indicates alcohol-induced disease; a pulse that is slow and slippery indicates abdominal distension and fullness; a pulse that is surging and large indicates Cold Damage (Shang Han); a pulse that is floating and rapid indicates Wind Injury (Shang Feng); a pulse that is floating and urgent indicates indigestion and spleen's failure to transform; a pulse that is deep and wiry indicates cold qi condensation causing yin pain; a pulse that is floating and moderate indicates skin insensibility; a pulse that is slippery and scattered indicates paralysis; a pulse that is slow and moderate indicates cold syndromes; a pulse that is floating and choppy indicates cholera-like disorder (Huo Luan); a pulse that is weak and choppy indicates regurgitation (Fan Wei); a pulse that is tight and slippery indicates vomiting and counterflow; a pulse that is short and rapid indicates heart pain; a pulse that is wiry and rapid indicates malaria; a pulse that is tight and urgent indicates Shi Dun (a condition attributed to malevolent spirits); a pulse that is solid, small, and firm indicates internal disease with cold; a pulse that is floating, slippery, and tight indicates external disease with heat; a pulse that is short and urgent indicates disease in the upper body; a pulse that is long and moderate indicates disease in the lower body; a pulse that is long and wiry indicates liver disease; a pulse that is slippery and surging indicates heart disease; a pulse that is faint and soft indicates spleen disease; a pulse that is floating and choppy indicates lung disease; a pulse that is deep and tight indicates kidney disease.
Another verse states: All floating pulses indicate wind or deficiency; all tight pulses indicate pain or accumulation; all choppy pulses indicate bi-syndrome (obstruction); all wiry pulses indicate fluid retention; all rapid pulses indicate heat; all slow pulses indicate cold; a knifelike (Kou) pulse indicates blood loss; a soft pulse indicates deficiency. If the pulse is deep and lustrous, accompanied by insensibility of the four limbs, it indicates exhaustion of essence (Wang Guo); if the pulse is large and [missing character], it indicates malevolent influence (She Chong); if the pulse comes intermittently large and small, short and long, it indicates ghostly influence.
The Lung is the canopy of the five zang organs, located in the chest, governing Qi, and manifesting on the skin and hair. Due to labor injury damaging blood and Qi, the interstices become deficient, allowing wind pathogens to invade the Lung. This results in sweating, aversion to wind, cough, shortness of breath, nasal congestion, neck stiffness, and chest/hypochondriac fullness. If this persists without healing, it becomes Lung Wei (Lung Flaccidity). If wind attacks the Wei level, exhalation fails to enter deeply. If heat reaches the Ying level, inhalation fails to exit. Thus, wind damages the skin and hair, heat damages the blood vessels. Wind and heat contend, causing Qi and Blood to stagnate and accumulate in the Lung, transforming into sores and abscesses. Diagnosing the pulse: a Cun Kou pulse that is rapid and deficient indicates Lung Wei; a pulse that is rapid and excess indicates Lung Ju (Lung Abscess).
Symptoms of Lung Wei include chronic cough, excessive sweating, severe depletion of fluids, stool resembling rotten melon, discharge like pig fat, frequent urination without thirst. If the patient feels thirsty, the condition will heal spontaneously; if they desire to drink, the condition will improve. This occurs because the Lung produces much saliva and froth but no pus. Symptoms of Lung Sores (Lung Ju) include dry mouth, wheezing and chest fullness, dry throat with thirst, slight swelling of the four limbs in severe cases, coughing up pus and blood, or foul-smelling turbid froth, and dull, slight pain in the chest. These indicate Lung Ju.
Furthermore, the *Sheng Hui Fang* states: Dull, slight pain at the Zhongfu acupoint indicates Lung Ju; slight elevation of the flesh above indicates Lung Sore. Zhongfu is an acupoint, located 1.6 cun below Yunmen, in the depression where the arterial pulse is felt between the nipple and ribs. Therefore, if detected at the onset, it can be saved; if pus has formed, death is likely. To know if pus exists, examine the pulse: if slightly tight and rapid, there is no pus yet; if very tight and rapid, pus has formed. The *Nei Jing* states: Heat in the blood causes tissue decay, and if Ying and Wei circulation stops, pus must form. Generally, Lung Sore presents with cough, shortness of breath, chest fullness, and frequent expectoration of pus and blood. If, over time, the sputum resembles rice gruel porridge, it is difficult to treat. If vomiting of pus continues, it is incurable. If vomiting of pus stops spontaneously, it heals; a short and choppy pulse indicates recovery; a floating and large pulse is difficult to treat. The complexion should be white; if it is red instead, this represents Fire overcoming Metal, which is incurable.