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The occurrence of various sores and ulcers is of many types. Large and small medical texts record them in great variety. To summarize, they can be broadly categorized into four classes. The first class arises from the stagnation of Qi (vital energy) accumulating internally, such as carbuncles and sores within the intestines and stomach. The second class results from the retention of Qi and Blood (vital substances) accumulating externally, such as the ten types of Ding sores (hard, deep-seated infections), nine types of hemorrhoids, etc. The third class consists of sores not caused by Qi or Blood disorders, but rather by external trauma such as falls, cuts from metal blades, burns from hot liquids or fire, and cauterization injuries to the skin and flesh. The fourth class involves damage to bones and muscles not caused by Qi or Blood issues, such as injuries to tendons and bones from insect or beast bites, which need not be listed individually. Now, under the respective prescriptions, the details are discussed below:

Ding sores (hard, deep-seated infections) are named for their shape resembling a nail head. Ancient treatises mention ten varieties. Hua Yuanhua recorded five-colored Ding sores; *Ji Yan Fang* (Collected Effective Prescriptions) states there are thirteen types of Ding sores. Similarly, *Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions from the Imperial Cabinet) and *Shenqiao Wanquan* present comparable discussions. However, all agree that the pathology stems from pathogenic factors lodging in the meridians and five Zang organs, with internal accumulation of toxic heat. Initially, a single lesion appears, sunken, swollen, and painful, with colors varying among green, yellow, red, and black without fixed patterns. This is often accompanied by restlessness and confusion, aversion to cold, headache, vomiting, or nausea. If pricking the sore with a needle elicits no pain and no blood flows, this indicates the characteristic signs. These signs originate from excessive consumption of rich, sweet, and fatty foods, and lack of restraint regarding sexual activity and alcohol, leading to the accumulation and aggregation of pathogenic toxins, thus generating Ding sores. As stated in *Neijing* (The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine): "Changes from rich and refined food are sufficient to produce large Ding sores." This refers to the aforementioned condition.

The treatment method prioritizes moxibustion with moxa cones. If the patient feels no pain, prick the four sides of the Ding sore until blood flows out. Insert the Hui Chuang Ding Zi (Sore-Returning Pin) into the puncture holes, apply a plaster on top, and administer decoctions such as Wuxiang Lianqiao Tang (Five-Spice Forsythia Decoction) or Loulu Tang (Radix Euphorbiae Humifusae Decoction) to promote purgation and achieve efficacy. If pricking still yields no pain and no blood, heat a copper coin over a fierce fire until it glows red-hot, then cauterize the sore until it resembles charred coal, aiming to induce pain as an effective sign. Also insert the aforementioned pin, cover with a plaster, and after one or two days, when pus discharges and the root emerges, administer Tuoli Tang San (Support-the-Interior Powder/Decoction). Treat according to standard protocols to achieve recovery. If pricking causes no pain, and the patient experiences vision blacking out or seeing flashes of light, the condition is incurable. This occurs because pathogenic toxic qi has entered the Zang-Fu organs. *Yangsheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Nourishing Life) warns: "If human sweat enters meat intended for food, consuming it will cause Ding sores." One must be extremely cautious!