夫消渴烦躁者。由肾气虚弱。心脏极热所致也。肾主于水。心主于火。肾水枯竭。则不
能制于火。火炎上行。而干于心。心气壅滞。则生于热也。此皆由下焦久虚。因虚生热。积
热不
治消渴发热。心神烦躁。饮水不足。黄 散方。
黄 （一两锉） 人参（半两去芦头） 麦门冬（一两去心） 桑根白皮（一两锉） 知
母（三
分） 栝蒌根（三分） 黄连（一两去须） 石膏（二两） 葛根（半两锉） 赤茯苓（半
两） 地骨
皮（半
上件药。捣筛为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。淡竹叶二七片。煎至六分。
去滓。不计时候温服。
治消渴烦躁。体热不能食。芦根散方。
芦根（一两锉） 赤茯苓（一两） 麦门冬（一两去心） 人参（半两去芦头） 黄芩
（三分）
桑根白皮（三分锉） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉）
上件药。捣筛为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。淡竹叶二七片。煎
至六分。去滓。不计时候温服。
治消渴。体热烦躁。宜服此方。
地骨皮（一两） 栝蒌根（一两） 芦根（一两锉） 人参（半两去芦头） 麦门冬（一
两半去
心） 赤茯苓（三分） 生干地黄（一两） 黄芩（三分）
上件药。捣筛为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。小麦一百粒。淡竹叶二七片
煎至六分。去滓。不计时候温服。
治消渴烦躁。饮水不止。黄连散方。
黄连（一两去须） 栝蒌根（一两半） 麦门冬（一两去心） 知母（三分） 人参（半
两去芦
头） 地骨皮（三分） 黄芩（三分） 川升麻（三分）
上件药。捣筛为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。淡竹叶二七片。煎至
六分。去滓。不计时候温服。
治消渴烦躁。饮水不止。或成骨蒸之状。宜服此方。
大冬瓜（一枚割开头去子） 黄连（一斤去须） 甘草〔一（三）两炙微赤锉〕 童子
小便
（一斤） 地黄汁（五合） 蜜（五合）
上件药。捣甘草黄连。罗为末。都入冬瓜内。即以头却盖之。又以黄土泥封裹。可浓一
寸。
食后
治消渴。心燥烦热。不得睡卧。麦门冬散方。
麦门冬（二两去心） 川升麻（一两） 黄连（一两去须） 柴胡（一两去苗） 赤茯
苓（二两）
黄芩（一两） 生干地黄（一两） 人参（半两去芦头） 栝蒌根（一两） 甘草（半两炙
微赤锉）
上件药。捣筛为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。淡竹叶六七片。煎至
去滓。不计时候温服。
治消渴烦躁。不得眠卧方。
麦门冬（半两去心） 土瓜根（一两） 小麦（一合） 黄芩（半两）
上件药。都细锉和匀。每服半两。以水一大盏。入竹叶二七片
去滓。不计时候温服。
治消渴。除烦躁方。
秦艽（二两去苗） 甘草（三分炙微赤锉）
上件药。捣筛为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候
温服。
治消渴。心热烦躁。口干颊赤。知母散方。
知母（一两） 麦门冬（一两去心） 黄芩（三分） 川升麻（三分） 犀角屑（三分）
葛根（
三分锉） 甘草（三分炙微赤锉） 马牙硝（一两半）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。淡竹叶二七片。煎至
六分。去滓。不计时候温服。
治消渴。烦躁。羸瘦乏力。不思饮食。宜服此方。
麦门冬（一两半去心焙） 栝蒌根（一两） 黄芩（三分） 牡蛎（一两烧为粉） 黄
连（一两
去须） 金箔（五十片细研） 银箔（五十片细研）
上件药。捣细罗为散。入研了药令匀。每服。不计时候。煎淡竹叶汤调下一钱。
治消渴烦躁。小便不利。栝蒌丸方。
栝蒌根（二两） 麦门冬（二两去心焙） 知母（一两） 人参（三分去芦头） 黄芩
（半两）
苦参（半两锉） 土瓜根（半两） 赤茯苓（一两）
上件药。捣罗为末。炼蜜和捣三二百杵。丸如梧桐子大。每服。不计时候。以温粥饮下
三十丸。
治消渴烦躁。狂乱。皮肤干燥。宜服此方。
生葛根切去皮。木臼内。捣取汁一大盏。入蜜二大匙。搅令匀。不计时候。分为三服。
治消渴烦躁。饮水无度方。
上用七家井索。近灌口结处。烧为灰。细研。不计时候。以新汲水调服二钱。不过三五
服效。
治消渴。心神烦躁。小便不利方。
葵大束。令净洗。炸过。煮米饮。浇作齑候葵黄色。取汁。渴即饮之。以瘥为度。
Generally speaking, xiao-ke (wasting-thirst syndrome) accompanied by irritability is caused by deficiency of kidney qi and extreme heat in the heart. The kidney governs water, while the heart governs fire. If kidney water is exhausted, it cannot control heart fire; heart fire flares upward and disturbs the mind, leading to stagnation of heart qi and generation of internal heat. These conditions all result from long-term deficiency in the lower jiao (lower burner), where deficiency generates heat. Accumulated heat, if untreated, leads to wasting-thirst, fever, mental restlessness, and insufficient drinking desire.
Huang San (Yellow Powder) Formula:
* Huang (1 liang, crushed) *Note: Likely refers to Huangqi or similar, text implies a specific herb abbreviated or corrupted.*
* Renshen (0.5 liang, rhizome removed)
* Maidong (1 liang, heart removed)
* Sangbaipipi (1 liang, crushed)
* Zhimu (3 fen)
* Gualougen (3 fen)
* Huanglian (1 liang, whiskers removed)
* Shigao (2 liang)
* Gegen (0.5 liang, crushed)
* Chifuling (0.5 liang)
* Digupi (0.5 liang)
Process the above herbs by crushing and sieving to make a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, and 14 leaves of Danzhuye (Light Bamboo Leaf). Decoct until reduced to 6 fen. Strain and take warm at any time.
Lugen San (Reed Rhizome Powder) Formula for treating wasting-thirst with irritability, body heat, and inability to eat:
* Lugen (1 liang, crushed)
* Chifuling (1 liang)
* Maidong (1 liang, heart removed)
* Renshen (0.5 liang, rhizome removed)
* Huangqin (3 fen)
* Sangbaipipi (3 fen, crushed)
* Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried until slightly red, then crushed)
Process the above herbs by crushing and sieving to make a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, and 14 leaves of Danzhuye. Decoct until reduced to 6 fen. Strain and take warm at any time.
Formula suitable for treating wasting-thirst with body heat and irritability:
* Digupi (1 liang)
* Gualougen (1 liang)
* Lugen (1 liang, crushed)
* Renshen (0.5 liang, rhizome removed)
* Maidong (1.5 liang, heart removed)
* Chifuling (3 fen)
* Shenggan Dihuang (1 liang)
* Huangqin (3 fen)
Process the above herbs by crushing and sieving to make a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, 100 grains of Xiaomai (Wheat), and 14 leaves of Danzhuye. Decoct until reduced to 6 fen. Strain and take warm at any time.
Huanglian San (Coptis Powder) Formula for treating wasting-thirst with irritability and incessant thirst:
* Huanglian (1 liang, whiskers removed)
* Gualougen (1.5 liang)
* Maidong (1 liang, heart removed)
* Zhimu (3 fen)
* Renshen (0.5 liang, rhizome removed)
* Digupi (3 fen)
* Huangqin (3 fen)
* Chuan Shengma (3 fen)
Process the above herbs by crushing and sieving to make a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, and 14 leaves of Danzhuye. Decoct until reduced to 6 fen. Strain and take warm at any time.
Formula suitable for treating wasting-thirst with irritability, incessant thirst, or symptoms resembling Gu-zheng (bone-steaming consumption):
* Large Winter Melon (1 piece, top cut off and seeds removed)
* Huanglian (1 jin, whiskers removed)
* Gancao (3 liang, honey-fried until slightly red, then crushed)
* Tongzi Xiaobian (Boy's urine, 1 jin)
* Dihuangzhi (Rehmannia juice, 5 he)
* Mi (Honey, 5 he)
Crush Gancao and Huanglian, sieve into fine powder, and place inside the winter melon. Replace the top cover. Seal tightly with yellow mud paste, about 1 cun thick. *(Note: The original text omits the cooking method, but traditionally this involves baking/stewing the melon until soft, then consuming the contents/juice after meals.)*
Maidong San (Ophiopogon Powder) Formula for treating wasting-thirst with dry heart, irritability, heat, and insomnia:
* Maidong (2 liang, heart removed)
* Chuan Shengma (1 liang)
* Huanglian (1 liang, whiskers removed)
* Chaihu (1 liang, buds removed)
* Chifuling (2 liang)
* Huangqin (1 liang)
* Shenggan Dihuang (1 liang)
* Renshen (0.5 liang, rhizome removed)
* Gualougen (1 liang)
* Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried until slightly red, then crushed)
Process the above herbs by crushing and sieving to make a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, and 6-7 leaves of Danzhuye. Decoct until reduced to 6 fen. Strain and take warm at any time.
Formula for treating wasting-thirst with irritability and insomnia:
* Maidong (0.5 liang, heart removed)
* Tugua Gen (1 liang)
* Xiaomai (1 he)
* Huangqin (0.5 liang)
Finely crush and mix the above herbs evenly. Take 0.5 liang per dose. Add 1 large zhong of water and 14 leaves of Zhuye (Bamboo Leaf). *(Note: Original text omits decoction details, implied: Decoct until reduced, strain, and take warm at any time.)*
Formula for treating wasting-thirst and eliminating irritability:
* Qinjiao (2 liang, buds removed)
* Gancao (3 fen, honey-fried until slightly red, then crushed)
Process the above herbs by crushing and sieving to make a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water and 0.5 fen of fresh ginger. Decoct until reduced to 6 fen. Strain and take warm at any time.
Zhimu San (Anemarrhena Powder) Formula for treating wasting-thirst with heart heat, irritability, dry mouth, and red cheeks:
* Zhimu (1 liang)
* Maidong (1 liang, heart removed)
* Huangqin (3 fen)
* Chuan Shengma (3 fen)
* Xijiao Xie (Rhinoceros Horn chips, 3 fen) *Note: Substitute with Buffalo Horn in modern practice.*
* Gegen (3 fen, crushed)
* Gancao (3 fen, honey-fried until slightly red, then crushed)
* Mayaxiao (Marine Nitre/Sodium Nitrate, 1.5 liang)
Coarsely crush and sieve the above herbs to make a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, and 14 leaves of Danzhuye. Decoct until reduced to 6 fen. Strain and take warm at any time.
Formula suitable for treating wasting-thirst with irritability, emaciation, fatigue, and loss of appetite:
* Maidong (1.5 liang, heart removed and baked)
* Gualougen (1 liang)
* Huangqin (3 fen)
* Muli (1 liang, calcined to powder)
* Huanglian (1 liang, whiskers removed)
* Jinbo (Gold Foil, 50 pieces, finely ground)
* Yinbo (Silver Foil, 50 pieces, finely ground)
Finely crush and sieve the herbs, mixing in the ground foils evenly. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with light Danzhuye decoction, at any time.
Gualou Wan (Trichosanthes Pill) Formula for treating wasting-thirst with irritability and difficult urination:
* Gualougen (2 liang)
* Maidong (2 liang, heart removed and baked)
* Zhimu (1 liang)
* Renshen (3 fen, rhizome removed)
* Huangqin (0.5 liang)
* Kushen (0.5 liang, crushed)
* Tugua Gen (0.5 liang)
* Chifuling (1 liang)
Sieve the above herbs into powder, mix with refined honey, and pound 200-300 times. Form pills the size of Sophora seeds (Wutongzi). Take 30 pills per dose, washed down with warm millet gruel, at any time.
Formula suitable for treating wasting-thirst with irritability, mania, and dry skin:
Take fresh Gegen (Kudzu Root), peel it, and crush it in a wooden mortar to extract 1 zhong of juice. Add 2 large chi of honey, mix well. Divide into three doses and take at any time.
Formula for treating wasting-thirst with irritability and excessive drinking:
Take the knotted part of well ropes from seven different households near the knot, burn them to ash, and grind finely. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with fresh drawn water, at any time. Effect usually seen within 3-5 doses.
Formula for treating wasting-thirst with mental irritability and difficult urination:
Take a large bundle of Kui Cai (Malva/Abelmoschus leaves), wash clean, blanch, and cook with rice water. Make into a vegetable mash/soup. When the leaves turn yellow, extract the juice. Drink when thirsty. Continue until cured.