中风总论 夫风为天地浩荡之气，正顺则能生长万物，偏邪则伤害品类。人或中邪，固
鲜有不致毙者，故入脏则难愈。如其经络空虚而中伤者，为半身不遂，手脚瘫痪，涎潮昏塞
，口眼 斜，肌肤不仁，痹瘁挛僻。随其脏气，所为不同，或左或右，邪气反缓，正气反急
，正气引邪， 僻不遂。盖风性紧暴，善行数变，其中人也卒，其眩人也晕，激人涎浮，昏
人神乱，故推为百病长，圣人先此以示教，太医编集，所以首轮中风也。
论诸风之由 夫中风者，皆因阴阳不调，脏腑气偏，荣卫失度，血气错乱，喜怒过伤，
饮食无度，嗜欲恣情，致于经道，或虚或塞，体虚而腠理不密。风邪之气中于人也，其状奄
忽，不省人事，涎潮昏塞，舌强不能言者，可先与通关散搐鼻，次服至宝丹，此药性凉，稍
壮人可与，气虚及年高人不可与服，只与后药。卒中风筋急头眩者，可与七宝丹。中风半身
不遂，口眼 斜，筋挛骨痛者，可与小续命汤、追风应痛丸。中风邪气入脏，狂言恍惚，与
排风汤。中风手足瘫痪，多与青州白丸子。中风项背拘强，牙关紧急者，可与三五七散。中
风手足战掉，腰脚缓弱，可与活络丹、七宝丹。年高脚弱者，可与黄 丸。
论诸风气中 此病多生于骄贵之人，因事激挫，忿怒而不得宣泄，逆气上行，忽然仆倒
，昏迷不省人事，牙关紧急，手足拘挛。其状与中风无异，但口内无涎声，此证只是中气，
不可妄投取涎，发汗等药，反生他病。但可与七气汤，分解其气，散其壅结，其气自止。七
气汤连进效速，更可与苏合香丸。
论中风半身不遂 皆因风邪中于经络，气血行迟，机关纵缓，故手足不遂，口眼 斜，
可与七宝丹。偏风语言謇涩，可与小续命汤。偏风走注疼痛，身体麻木，可与活络丹。偏风
恍惚不定，可与排风汤。偏风痰涎盛者，可与青州白丸子。拘急脚弱口噤者，可与龙虎丹。
瘫痪手足不遂，可与透冰丹。偏风筋脉挛急，可与驱风丸、乳香趁痛散、乳香丸、七宝丹。
论诸风骨节疼痛 皆因风气入于筋络及骨节疼痛，或攻注脚手痛，或拘挛伸屈不得者，
可与乳香趁痛散、追风应痛丸、活络丹、乳香丸、没药丸、太岳活血丹皆可服。宜先与五香
散淋渫，次用活血丹涂之。
论风湿证候 皆因腠理虚，风与寒湿气伤之。每遇夜间，或三、四更以来，腰背倦痛，
转侧不得，或身体倦痛者，为有寒湿也，与小续命汤。大便秘，小便多，身疼痛者，可与术
附汤。若骨节烦疼者，可与乳香趁痛散。或身体麻木，足胫弱者，可与追风应痛丸、黄 丸
。腰痛甚者，可与青娥丸。
论诸风大便不通 皆因风邪热滞，肠胃津液干燥秘涩，可与麻仁丸、三和散。不通，即
与皂荚丸，如通即止之，不可久服。如气虚及老人，不可与皂荚丸，只与麻仁丸、三和散、
四物汤加去白青皮等分同煎。秘甚者，可与神功丸，不可与虚、老人服。
论诸风小便不通 皆因小肠积热，膀胱壅滞不利，可与导赤散、鸡苏丸、三黄丸、三
和散。秘甚者，与神功丸、五苓散。
论风湿香港脚候 皆因风湿毒瓦斯入于脚膝之间，其状或赤肿，或冷痛，或麻木不仁，或脚
软而缓，或憎寒壮热作渴，筋脉拘急，可与俞山人降气汤、排风汤、小续命汤、小降气汤。
痛者，与石南丸、追风应痛丸、乳香趁痛散。脚软不能行者，与黄 丸、木瓜丸。小便秘涩
，与导赤丸、五淋散、三和散。大便秘者，与麻仁丸。秘甚者，与神功丸。冲心闷者，与三
和散。抢腰痛者，可与大乌沉汤。不以轻重，皆用五香散淋渫。若脚肿生疮者，透冰丹。
论诸风头目昏眩 皆因痰壅上盛，可与青州白丸子。头目昏眩多痰者，可与辰砂化痰丸
。痰盛昏眩，可与半夏丸、天南星丸。心肺有热，与龙脑芎犀丸。痰盛项强，急与金沸草散
。痰多膈热者，可与川芎丸。心胸不利，口苦舌干，可与透冰丹、羌活丸、防风丸。痰甚心
忪浮者，可与牛黄清心丸。痰盛渴呕者，可与天南星丸。
论诸风瘙痒瘾疹 皆因血气不顺，面如虫行 动。血气凝滞者，可与排风汤、胡麻散、
消风散、四生丸。甚者，多服皂荚煎丸、何首乌丸。
论诸风头痛目晕 皆因风虚气上攻头目，可与太阳丹、白龙丸、茶调散、川芎丸。太阳
穴痛，与急风散涂痛处。眼昏头痛者，可与消风散、追风散。痰热头痛者，可与防风丸。年
高
骨痛，牵引两眼昏暗者，可与遇仙散。
论诸风热上攻面生热疮者 可与驱风丸、龙虎丹、排风汤、胡麻散、何首乌散、羌活丸
、川芎丸、白龙丸、芎犀丸。或如虫行，可与追风散。
论诸风恍惚惊悸 皆因体虚受风邪，心气不足，入于心经者，与定志丸、降心丹、平补
镇心丹、辰砂妙香散。热者，牛黄清心丸。
论诸风挫枕转筋 皆因气虚，项筋转侧不得，筋络不顺疼痛，与通关散、消风散、大三
五七散或追风散。痰涎盛，与白丸子。
论诸风痰逆呕吐 诸风初发时，痰逆呕吐者，可与温中化痰丸、橘皮半夏汤、藿香汤、
半夏散。呕吐者立止，可常服。
论诸风脚膝缓弱 皆因夙虚，气血衰弱，行止无力，可与黄 丸、木瓜丸、俞山人降气
汤。不赤不肿而痛者，可与洗风汤淋沃洗之。
论破伤风证 皆因打扑伤破，风入发肿者，可与上员散，生姜自然汁调药贴患处。内损
者，与太岳活血丹。血不止者，与花蕊石散。
论缠喉风证 皆因积热痰涎上攻咽喉，口开不得，水浆不下，与碧雪，竹管子吹入喉中
。甚者，与雄黄解毒丸、玉屑无忧散。
论伤寒证候
伤寒总论 《活人书》云∶“伤寒正名有一十六条∶伤寒、伤风、伤寒见风、伤风见寒、
风湿、中湿、风温、湿温、温毒、中 、热病、温病、 病、温疟、晚发、疫疠，外证一十
六条。外有六证相似∶中暑、伤痰、食积、虚劳、瘴疟、香港脚，与伤寒相似，而实非伤寒，
此证人不晓，皆言即伤寒也。”若不仔细分辨证候虚实用药，则误人性命在反掌之间，不可
不知也。
论伤寒得病之由 凡伤寒初得病，便不进饮食，发热一向不止，头痛或浑身痛，或自汗
恶风，憎寒壮热者，乃是伤风伤寒证也。便须问病得几日，有汗无汗，恶风不恶风，或渴或
不渴，或呕逆或不呕逆，小便通或不通，得几日，须用仔细审问，方可用药。伤寒证与杂病
不同，若不对证，妄投药饵，罪犯非轻，误人多矣。
论伤寒伤风证候 凡伤风者，皆因脱衣感冒，被风吹霎着，则洒然骨寒毛起，恶风自汗
者，乃是伤风证也。凡风吹则体自寒，恶风无汗者，是伤寒证也。
论伤寒表证 伤寒初得病一、二日。头痛身体痛，恶寒或微喘者，体虚及老人，可与五
积散、圣散子。此二药，病多日及不恶风者，不可服，并夏、秋之间，亦不可轻服。缘中暑
似伤寒，若中暑人误服此二药，如抱薪救火，其害非轻，切宜审实仔细用药。少壮者，夏、
秋宜用金沸草散、来苏散、人参轻骨散、葱白散、和解散、神术散之类可服也。初得病一、
二日，头痛发热，身体痛，恶寒无汗者，可与葱白散、八解散、金沸草散、人参轻骨散。初
得病一、二日或三日，自汗头痛，恶风或呕者，可与升麻葛根汤、败毒散、香苏散、葱白散
、人参轻骨散、和解散、神术散之类皆可用。若发汗后热已退了，可与和气药嘉禾散、正气
散。
论伤寒重证 病患四、五日至六、七日，不恶风寒，及发热烦渴呕逆，手掌中及腋下微
有汗出，大便不通，小便赤，得三、四日，腹中满，微喘，狂言谵语者，切不可妄投热药，
只可与小柴胡汤一贴，先进一服。如人行十余里未通，候半日久，可又进一服，以大便通出
燥粪则愈，此里证也。烦渴者，与五苓散。或手足冷，吐泻，不可与小柴胡汤，只服参苓白
术散、四君子汤之属。如调理通后，恐虚、老人须用平补药，可与嘉禾散、四君子汤、参苓
白术散。
论和解证候 伤寒伤风，往来寒热，胸胁间痛，干呕及大便秘者，可用小柴胡汤一贴，
病重者再服半贴方效。或言渴者，或小便涩，兼服五苓散。伤风四、五日，身发热，恶寒项
强，而手足温，及大便不通者，多用小柴胡汤、败毒散、秦艽鳖甲散之类。妇人伤寒三、五
日至七、八日，月经当行，或经水才去，作寒热，忽然谵语，如见鬼神状，日可夜甚，此乃
热入血室也，用四物汤等分，加柴胡煎服。如不退，用小柴胡汤，兼入生地黄捶碎煎。伤寒
阳证呕逆发热，兼参苓白术散、和解散辈，乃和解证也。
论伤寒阳证 伤寒阳证，面赤作热发渴，至五、六日不止，或服热药过多，热甚发狂烦
躁，或泻赤汁脓血者，可服三黄丸、四顺饮、洗心散。或大便秘结，与小柴胡汤之类。
论伤寒阴证 伤寒三、二日，五、七日，身体疼痛不可转侧，自汗四肢厥冷，泻而不渴
，或吐逆泄泻，脐腹痛，或有咽喉痛者，可与理中丸、理中汤。四肢冷甚，腹痛气急者，与
姜附汤，多加甘草煎，及附子理中丸并服。更重者，用法炼黑锡丹、金液丹、二气丹之类，
随轻重而用之。泻止四肢暖，有寒热，却用五积散、圣散子、十华散之类，微汗则解，不然
则毒瓦斯再复，便难治也。
论伤寒阴阳二证 有阴厥，有阳厥，最宜仔细审问。伤寒阳证，热气深则反厥，若只认
四肢厥冷，便投热药，此害人性命在顷刻间。发药者极用仔细审问，如是自疑，宁不发药，
教他更请医者看视，不可乱发药也。
论伤寒阴厥证 若初得病，四肢厥冷，身上起粟，大便不调，或泻或呕，此寒厥也，可
与理中丸、理中汤之类。
论伤寒阳厥证 若初得病，身便热，头痛，大便不通。至六、七日，渴甚狂言，揭衣被
，不定迭，脚手厥冷。此乃热极而发厥冷，必竟少时又却温热，切不可便投热药，且与小柴
胡汤之类。昔有国医孙用和一法探之，须仔细察审外证，方可用药。凡伤寒四肢厥冷，当察
问病之因，若证不明，未辨阴阳者，且与四味理中丸加甘草再和匀，作四顺理中丸服，探之
。若是阴厥，则服药了，形静不热，定迭，当渐加前件理中汤等。若是服四顺理中丸了，如
烦
论伤寒潮热 伤寒五、七日至十日以上，早晨稍惺惺，至申、酉前后发热不恶寒，微有
汗，大便不通三、二日，或谵语而渴者，与小柴胡汤三、五服，重者五、七服，以大便微利
，热须退。有渴者，可与五苓散。犹有烦躁及热未退者，宜加七宝洗心散，或与秦艽鳖甲散
调理也。
论伤寒头痛 伤寒虽退，而头痛不止者，诸阳所聚，热毒瓦斯上攻，头痛不止者，可与龙
脑芎犀丸、太阳丹、白龙丸、川芎丸之类。
论伤寒发渴 伤寒至五、七日，渴甚，或发热不恶寒，大便如常，小便赤，是胃中虚躁
，可与五苓散，甚者与竹叶汤。发热渴者，与柴胡汤，仍加栝蒌煎。
论伤寒呕逆 伤寒呕逆有三证∶胃中有寒而呕逆者，可与参苓白术散、五苓散、四君子
汤；胃中亦有热，或发渴口干，或小便赤涩，与小柴胡汤或五苓散，其小柴胡汤极止热呕，
或少气吐逆者，用竹叶汤立效。
论伤寒吐逆 伤寒吐逆者，胃寒。吐而身冷，或服冷药太多，而不渴，大便如常，或自
利，或吐蛔虫者，此胃中寒也，可与人参丁香散、参苓白术散、四君子汤、理中丸、人参丸
、嘉禾散。
论伤寒发喘 伤寒喘急者，皆因风寒，邪乘于肺，经气上盛发喘，可与麻黄汤、华盖散
、款冬花散、人参润肺丸、养肺丸或润金散、款肺皆可服也。
论伤寒咳嗽 伤寒咳嗽者，由寒邪乘虚入于肺经，或饮水过多，停饮咳嗽微喘，发热而
渴
青
胡
论伤寒吐血发衄 伤寒五、七日，发鼻衄或吐血者，热盛气壅则衄血或吐血，切不可妄
投热药，可与鸡苏丸、薄荷煎，煎茅根汤或茅花汁冷送下，甚者可与三黄丸。如渴，兼服五
苓散、清心散加真蒲黄煎服。
论伤寒咽喉疼痛 伤寒咽喉痛，皆因内热气秘，阳毒上熏，则咽喉痛。痰盛者，可与如
圣汤。甚者，可与四顺饮、犀角饮、洗心散皆可服之。
论伤寒腹痛 伤寒有热腹痛者，三、四日大便不通，绕脐腹痛，或发热不恶寒，或渴者
，此乃胃中有燥粪，故发痛也。切不可用热药，且如正气散、理中汤及诸推积性热药，皆不
可用，误人性命。只可与小柴胡汤加芍药少许同煎，一、二服如未效，可至三、四服，取大
便通为度。伤寒腹痛有寒证，因服冷药过多，大便自利，腹中痛，手足冷者，可与理中丸，
甚者与附子理中丸、理中汤。未效，用姜附汤多加甘草煎，用诸热药即止。气虚及老人伤寒
后腹痛，大便如常，无热，只是腹痛者，与黄 建中汤，多服取效。
论伤寒大小便秘 伤寒大便秘者，可与麻仁丸。未通者，与神功丸、三黄丸。有热者，
与四顺清凉饮。后以参苓白术散、嘉禾散补之。小便秘结者，与五苓散、导赤散、五淋散皆
可与之。
General Discussion on Wind Stroke (Zhong Feng)
Wind is the vast energy of heaven and earth. When it follows the righteous path, it can nourish all things; when it is deviant and evil, it harms living beings. If a person is struck by such evil energy, few escape death; thus, if the pathogen enters the Zang organs, it is difficult to cure. If the meridians and collaterals are empty and invaded by wind, symptoms include hemiplegia, paralysis of limbs, flooding of saliva with stupor and obstruction, deviation of the mouth and eyes, insensitivity of skin and flesh, and spasmodic contracture or deformity. Depending on the Qi of the affected Zang organs, manifestations vary: affecting either the left or right side, the side with pathogenic Qi becomes relaxed and weak, while the side with healthy Qi becomes tense and spastic. The healthy Qi pulls toward the pathogenic side, causing deviation and inability to move freely. Generally, wind is tight and violent, agile in movement and changeable in nature. It strikes suddenly, causing dizziness, provoking floating phlegm, and disturbing the spirit. Therefore, it is regarded as the "Chief of Hundred Diseases." The Sages used this to teach, and the Imperial Physicians compiled these texts, prioritizing the discussion of Wind Stroke.
On the Causes of Various Winds
Wind stroke occurs due to disharmony of Yin and Yang, bias in Zang-Fu Qi, loss of regulation in Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi), disorder of Blood and Qi, excessive emotional injury from anger and joy, unregulated diet, and indulgence in desires. This leads to blockage or deficiency in the meridians, with a weak constitution and loose interstices (Cou Li). When wind pathogen invades, symptoms appear abruptly: unconsciousness, flooding saliva, stupor, tongue stiffness, and inability to speak. For such cases, first use Tong Guan San (Passing-Through Powder) insufflated into the nose, then administer Zhi Bao Dan (Precious Treasure Pill). This medicine is cooling; it may be given to robust individuals but not to those with Qi deficiency or the elderly, who should take the subsequent prescriptions instead. For sudden wind stroke with tendon tension and dizziness, use Qi Bao Dan (Seven-Treasure Pill). For hemiplegia, deviation of mouth and eyes, tendon cramps, and bone pain, use Xiao Xu Ming Tang (Minor Continuation of Life Decoction) or Zhui Feng Ying Tong Wan (Wind-Chasing Pain-Relieving Pill). If wind pathogen enters the Zang organs causing delirium and mental confusion, use Pai Feng Tang (Wind-Expelling Decoction). For limb paralysis, Qingzhou Bai Wan Zi (Qingzhou White Pills) are commonly used. For neck and back stiffness with locked jaw, use San Wu Qi San (Three-Five-Seven Powder). For trembling limbs and weak waist/legs, use Huo Luo Dan (Meridian-Unblocking Pill) or Qi Bao Dan. For the elderly with weak legs, use Huang [Yuan] Wan.
On Qi Strike (Qi Zhong)
This condition often affects privileged individuals due to emotional frustration and suppressed anger, causing rebellious Qi to ascend, leading to sudden collapse, coma, locked jaw, and limb convulsions. Although similar to wind stroke, there is no salivary sound in the mouth; this is merely Qi strike (disorder of Qi mechanism). Do not indiscriminately use phlegm-resolving or diaphoretic medicines, as this may cause other diseases. Use Qi Qi Tang (Seven-Qi Decoction) to resolve Qi stagnation and disperse accumulation. Qi Qi Tang acts quickly; Su He Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill) may also be added.
On Hemiplegia in Wind Stroke
Caused by wind pathogen invading meridians, slowing Qi and Blood flow, leading to laxity of joints and inability to move limbs, with deviation of mouth and eyes. Use Qi Bao Dan. For slurred speech, use Xiao Xu Ming Tang. For wandering pain and numbness, use Huo Luo Dan. For mental confusion, use Pai Feng Tang. For abundant phlegm-saliva, use Qingzhou Bai Wan Zi. For stiffness, weak legs, and locked jaw, use Long Hu Dan (Dragon-Tiger Pill). For paralysis, use Tou Bing Dan (Ice-Penetrating Pill). For tendon cramps, use Qu Feng Wan (Wind-Driving Pill), Ru Xiang Chen Tong San (Frankincense Pain-Relieving Powder), Ru Xiang Wan (Frankincense Pill), or Qi Bao Dan.
On Bone and Joint Pain from Various Winds
Caused by wind pathogen entering tendons and joints, causing pain in hands/feet or inability to extend/flex. Use Ru Xiang Chen Tong San, Zhui Feng Ying Tong Wan, Huo Luo Dan, Ru Xiang Wan, Mo Yao Wan (Myrrh Pill), or Tai Yue Huo Xue Dan (Tai Yue Blood-Activating Pill). First wash with Wu Xiang San (Five-Aromatic Powder), then apply Huo Xue Dan.
On Wind-Dampness Syndrome
Caused by deficient interstices allowing wind, cold, and dampness to invade. Symptoms include lower back fatigue/pain at night (3rd-4th watch), difficulty turning over, or body ache, indicating cold-dampness. Use Xiao Xu Ming Tang. For constipation, frequent urination, and body pain, use Zhu Fu Tang (Atractylodes and Aconite Decoction). For severe joint pain, use Ru Xiang Chen Tong San. For numbness and weak calves, use Zhui Feng Ying Tong Wan or Huang [Yuan] Wan. For severe lower back pain, use Qing E Wan (Blue Mule Pill).
On Constipation from Various Winds
Caused by wind-heat stagnation drying intestinal fluids. Use Ma Ren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill) or San He San (Three-Harmony Powder). If blocked, use Zao Jiao Wan (Soap Pod Pill); stop once bowel movement resumes, do not use long-term. Avoid Zao Jiao Wan for Qi-deficient or elderly patients; use Ma Ren Wan, San He San, or Si Wu Tang (Four-Substance Decoction) with Qing Pi (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae) instead. For severe constipation, use Shen Gong Wan, but avoid in deficient/elderly patients.
On Urinary Difficulty from Various Winds
Caused by heat accumulation in Small Intestine and bladder stagnation. Use Dao Chi San (Directing Red Powder), Ji Su Wan (Elsholtzia Pill), San Huang Wan (Three-Yellow Pill), or San He San. For severe retention, use Shen Gong Wan or Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria).
On Wind-Dampness Hong Kong Foot (Gouty Arthritis)
Caused by wind-damp-toxicity entering knees/feet. Symptoms include redness/swelling, cold pain, numbness, weakness, aversion to cold with high fever/thirst, or tendon cramps. Use Yu Shan Ren Jiang Qi Tang, Pai Feng Tang, Xiao Xu Ming Tang, or Xiao Jiang Qi Tang. For pain, use Shi Nan Wan (Stone Nanthan Pill), Zhui Feng Ying Tong Wan, or Ru Xiang Chen Tong San. For inability to walk due to weakness, use Huang [Yuan] Wan or Mu Gua Wan (Papaya Pill). For scanty/difficult urination, use Dao Chi Wan, Wu Lin San (Five-Dysuria Powder), or San He San. For constipation, use Ma Ren Wan; for severe cases, Shen Gong Wan. For chest oppression, use San He San. For severe lower back pain, use Da Wu Chen Tang (Great Black-Sinking Decoction). Regardless of severity, wash with Wu Xiang San. For sores on swollen feet, use Tou Bing Dan.
On Dizziness and Vertigo from Various Winds
Caused by phlegm congestion in the upper Jiao. Use Qingzhou Bai Wan Zi. For dizziness with much phlegm, use Chen Sha Hua Tan Wan (Cinnabar Phlegm-Resolving Pill). For severe phlegm dizziness, use Ban Xia Wan (Pinellia Pill) or Tian Nan Xing Wan (Arisaema Pill). For Heart/Lung heat, use Long Nao Xiong Xi Wan (Borneol and Rhinoceros Horn Pill). For stiff neck with phlegm, urgently use Jin Fei Cao San (Boilweed Powder). For phlegm with chest heat, use Chuan Xiong Wan. For poor chest comfort, bitter taste, dry tongue, use Tou Bing Dan, Qiang Huo Wan, or Fang Feng Wan. For palpitations with severe phlegm, use Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan (Calculus Bovis Clearing Heart Pill). For thirst/vomiting with phlegm, use Tian Nan Xing Wan.
On Itching and Urticaria from Various Winds
Caused by irregular Blood/Qi, feeling like insects crawling on the face. For stagnant Blood/Qi, use Pai Feng Tang, Hu Ma San (Sesame Powder), Xiao Feng San (Wind-Expelling Powder), or Si Sheng Wan. For severe cases, use Zao Jiao Jian Wan or He Shou Wu Wan (Polygonum Multiflorum Pill).
On Headache and Dizziness from Various Winds
Caused by wind-deficiency Qi attacking head/eyes. Use Tai Yang Dan, Bai Long Wan, Cha Tiao San, or Chuan Xiong Wan. For Taiyang acupoint pain, apply Ji Feng San. For blurry vision/headache, use Xiao Feng San or Zhui Feng San. For phlegm-heat headache, use Fang Feng Wan. For elderly bone pain radiating to dim eyes, use Yu Xian San.
On Heat Attacking Face Causing Sores
Use Qu Feng Wan, Long Hu Dan, Pai Feng Tang, Hu Ma San, He Shou Wu San, Qiang Huo Wan, Chuan Xiong Wan, Bai Long Wan, or Xiong Xi Wan. If crawling sensation persists, use Zhui Feng San.
On Mental Confusion and Palpitations from Various Winds
Caused by deficiency allowing wind invasion, insufficient Heart Qi entering Heart Meridian. Use Ding Zhi Wan, Jiang Xin Dan, Ping Bu Zhen Xin Dan, or Chen Sha Miao Xiang San. For heat, use Niu Huang Qing Xin Wan.
On Neck Stiffness and Cramps from Trauma/Pillow
Caused by Qi deficiency, inability to turn neck, painful meridians. Use Tong Guan San, Xiao Feng San, Da San Wu Qi San, or Zhui Feng San. For abundant phlegm, use Bai Wan Zi.
On Phlegm-Reversal Vomiting from Various Winds
At onset, use Wen Zhong Hua Tan Wan, Ju Pi Ban Xia Tang, Huo Xiang Tang, or Ban Xia San. Vomiting stops immediately; suitable for regular use.
On Weak Knees/Legs from Various Winds
Due to chronic deficiency and weak Blood/Qi. Use Huang [Yuan] Wan, Mu Gua Wan, or Yu Shan Ren Jiang Qi Tang. For non-red/non-swollen pain, wash with Xi Feng Tang.
On Broken-Wind Syndrome (Tetanus)
Caused by trauma allowing wind entry and swelling. Use Shang Yuan San applied with fresh ginger juice. For internal injury, use Tai Yue Huo Xue Dan. For bleeding, use Hua Rui Shi San (Narcissus Stone Powder).
On Throat-Coiling Wind (Diphtheria/Laryngeal Edema)
Caused by accumulated heat/phlegm attacking throat, inability to open mouth or swallow. Apply Bi Xue via bamboo tube. For severe cases, use Xiong Huang Jie Du Wan or Yu Xie Wu You San.
Discussion on Cold Damage (Shang Han)
General Discussion on Cold Damage
The *Huoren Shu* states: "Cold damage has 16 specific names: Cold Damage, Wind-Cold, Cold Damage with Wind signs, Wind-Cold with Cold signs, Wind-Dampness, Dampness Strike, Wind-Warmth, Damp-Warmth, Warm-Toxicity, [Missing Char], Heat Disease, Warm Disease, [Missing Char], Warm Malaria, Late-Onset, Epidemic Pestilence. There are 16 external syndromes. Additionally, 6 conditions resemble Cold Damage: Summerheat, Phlegm Injury, Food Stagnation, Deficiency Consumption, Miasma Malaria, and Hong Kong Foot. These are similar but not Cold Damage. People misunderstand them as Cold Damage." Careful differentiation is vital to avoid fatal errors.
On Causes of Cold Damage
Initial Cold Damage involves loss of appetite, persistent fever, headache, body pain, spontaneous sweating with aversion to wind, or aversion to cold with high fever. Determine duration, presence/absence of sweat, aversion to wind, thirst, vomiting, and urinary status before prescribing. Cold Damage differs from miscellaneous diseases; incorrect medication causes serious harm.
On Wind-Cold vs. Cold-Damage Syndromes
Wind-Cold results from exposure after removing clothes, causing chills, goosebumps, aversion to wind, and spontaneous sweating. Cold-Damage results from wind exposure causing body chill, aversion to wind, and absence of sweat.
On Exterior Syndromes of Cold Damage
In first 1-2 days: headache, body pain, aversion to cold, slight panting. For deficient/elderly, use Wu Ji San or Sheng San Zi. Avoid these for prolonged illness, no aversion to wind, or in summer/autumn (confused with summerheat). For young/robust in summer/autumn, use Jin Fei Cao San, Lai Su San, Ren Shen Qing Gu San, Cong Bai San, He Jie San, or Shen Shu San. For first 1-2 days with headache, fever, body pain, aversion to cold, no sweat: Cong Bai San, Ba Jie San, Jin Fei Cao San, Ren Shen Qing Gu San. For 1-3 days with spontaneous sweat, headache, aversion to wind/vomiting: Sheng Ma Ge Gen Tang, Bai Du San, Xiang Su San, Cong Bai San, Ren Shen Qing Gu San, He Jie San, Shen Shu San. After sweating resolves fever, use Jia He San or Zheng Qi San.
On Severe Cold Damage
Days 4-7: no aversion to cold/wind, fever, irritability, thirst, vomiting, slight sweat in palms/armpits, constipation, dark urine. Days 3-4: abdominal fullness, slight panting, delirium. Do not use hot medicines. Use Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction): one dose initially. If stool remains hard after walking ~5km, wait half a day, then give another dose until hard stool passes (Interior Syndrome). For irritability/thirst, use Wu Ling San. For cold limbs/vomiting-diarrhea, do NOT use Xiao Chai Hu Tang; use Shen Ling Bai Zhu San or Si Jun Zi Tang. For recovery in deficient/elderly, use Jia He San, Si Jun Zi Tang, or Shen Ling Bai Zhu San.
On Harmonizing Syndromes
Alternating chills/fever, hypochondriac pain, dry retching, constipation: Xiao Chai Hu Tang (one dose, half dose more if severe). For thirst/scanty urine, add Wu Ling San. For Wind-Cold days 4-5: fever, aversion to cold/stiff neck, warm limbs, constipation: Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Bai Du San, or Qin Jiao Bie Jia San. For women days 3-8: menses approaching or just finished, chills/fever, sudden delirium (Heat Entering Blood Chamber): Si Wu Tang equal parts + Chai Hu decocted. If unresolved, Xiao Chai Hu Tang + crushed Sheng Di Huang. For Yang syndrome with vomiting/fever, combine with Shen Ling Bai Zhu San or He Jie San.
On Yang Syndromes of Cold Damage
Red face, fever, thirst lasting 5-6 days, or excessive hot medicine causing mania/irritability, or bloody/purulent diarrhea: San Huang Wan, Si Shun Yin, or Xi Xin San. For constipation, Xiao Chai Hu Tang.
On Yin Syndromes of Cold Damage
Days 2-3 or 5-7: severe body pain, inability to turn, spontaneous sweat, cold limbs, diarrhea without thirst, vomiting/diarrhea, umbilical pain, or sore throat: Li Zhong Wan or Li Zhong Tang. For severe cold limbs/abdominal pain/breathlessness: Jiang Fu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction) with extra Gan Cao, plus Fu Zi Li Zhong Wan. For severe cases, Hei Xi Dan, Jin Ye Dan, or Er Qi Dan based on severity. Once diarrhea stops and limbs warm, if chills/fever persist, use Wu Ji San, Sheng San Zi, or Shi Hua San to induce slight sweat. Otherwise, toxicity returns and becomes hard to treat.
On Yin/Yang Reversal in Cold Damage
Differentiate Yin/Yang Jue (Reversal/Cold Limbs) carefully. In Yang syndrome, deep heat causes cold limbs; mistaking this for Yin cold and using hot medicines kills instantly. Physicians must question carefully; if uncertain, withhold medicine and seek another doctor.
On Yin Jue Syndrome
Initial cold limbs, pruritus cutis, irregular stool/diarrhea/vomiting: Cold Jue. Use Li Zhong Wan/Tang.
On Yang Jue Syndrome
Initial fever, headache, constipation. Days 6-7: extreme thirst, delirium, kicking off covers, restless, cold limbs. This is extreme heat causing cold limbs; limbs will warm shortly. Do not use hot medicines; use Xiao Chai Hu Tang. Sun Yonghe's method: examine external signs. If unclear, use Si Wei Li Zhong Wan + Gan Cao (Si Shun Li Zhong Wan) to probe. If Yin Jue, patient calms down; gradually increase Li Zhong Tang. If Si Shun Li Zhong Wan causes... [Text cuts off]
On Tidal Fever in Cold Damage
Days 5-10+: slightly alert in morning, fever in afternoon (Shen/You hours) without aversion to cold, slight sweat, constipation 2-3 days, or delirium/thirst: Xiao Chai Hu Tang 3-5 doses (5-7 for severe) until slight stool passage and fever subsides. For thirst, Wu Ling San. For restfulness/residual heat, add Qi Bao Xi Xin San or Qin Jiao Bie Jia San.
On Headache in Cold Damage
Persistent headache after fever subsides due to Yang accumulation and heat-toxin ascending: Long Nao Xiong Xi Wan, Tai Yang Dan, Bai Long Wan, or Chuan Xiong Wan.
On Thirst in Cold Damage
Days 5-7: extreme thirst, fever without aversion to cold, normal stool, dark urine indicates Stomach deficiency-restlessness: Wu Ling San. Severe cases: Zhu Ye Tang. For fever/thirst, Chai Hu Tang + Gua Lou decocted.
On Vomiting/Retching in Cold Damage
Three patterns:
1. Stomach Cold: Shen Ling Bai Zhu San, Wu Ling San, Si Jun Zi Tang.
2. Stomach Heat (thirst, dry mouth, dark urine): Xiao Chai Hu Tang or Wu Ling San. Xiao Chai Hu Tang stops heat-vomiting well.
3. Shortness of breath/retching: Zhu Ye Tang.
On Spitting/Vomiting in Cold Damage
Stomach Cold. Cold body after vomiting, or excessive cold medicine, no thirst, normal stool/diarrhea, or vomiting roundworms: Ren Shen Ding Xiang San, Shen Ling Bai Zhu San, Si Jun Zi Tang, Li Zhong Wan, Ren Shen Wan, or Jia He San.
On Panting in Cold Damage
Wind-cold invading Lungs, excess meridian Qi: Ma Huang Tang, Hua Gai San, Kuan Dong Hua San, Ren Shen Run Fei Wan, Yang Fei Wan, Run Jin San, or Kuan Fei San.
On Cough in Cold Damage
Cold pathogen invading Lung Meridian via deficiency, or excessive water intake causing fluid retention with cough/slight panting/fever/thirst... [Text cuts off]
On Hematemesis/Epistaxis in Cold Damage
Days 5-7: nosebleed or vomiting blood due to heat excess/Qi congestion. Do not use hot medicines. Use Ji Su Wan, Bo He Jian, or cold Mugen Tang/Mao Hua Juice. Severe cases: San Huang Wan. For thirst, add Wu Ling San or Qing Xin San + Pu Huang.
On Sore Throat in Cold Damage
Internal heat/constipation, Yang toxin ascending. For phlegm: Ru Sheng Tang. Severe cases: Si Shun Yin, Xi Jiao Yin, or Xi Xin San.
On Abdominal Pain in Cold Damage
Heat-type: Days 3-4 constipation, periumbilical pain, fever/no aversion to cold, or thirst. Dry feces in Stomach. Do NOT use hot medicines (Zheng Qi San, Li Zhong Tang, etc.) as they are fatal. Use Xiao Chai Hu Tang +少量 Shao Yao. 1-2 doses ineffective? Up to 3-4 doses until stool passes.
Cold-type: Excessive cold medicine, diarrhea, abdominal pain, cold limbs: Li Zhong Wan. Severe: Fu Zi Li Zhong Wan or Li Zhong Tang. Ineffective: Jiang Fu Tang + extra Gan Cao. Hot medicines stop pain.
Deficient/Elderly post-Cold Damage: Normal stool, no fever, only pain: Huang [Yuan] Jian Zhong Tang.
On Constipation/Diuresis Issues in Cold Damage
Constipation: Ma Ren Wan. Unresolved: Shen Gong Wan, San Huang Wan. With heat: Si Shun Qing Liang Yin. Afterwards tonify with Shen Ling Bai Zhu San or Jia He San.
Scanty urination: Wu Ling San, Dao Chi San, or Wu Lin San.