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Zhang Zhongjing stated: The pulse at the Cun Kou (inch position) is faint and slow. A faint pulse indicates that the Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) is sparse; when sparse, the skin and pores become empty. A slow pulse indicates that the Stomach Qi is weak and fails to fill the vessels, resulting in food being digested but water failing to transform into blood. When grain enters the stomach, the vessel pathways then circulate; when water enters the meridians, the blood is then formed. If Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) becomes excessive, the skin and pores will inevitably be loose. This condition, where the San Jiao (Triple Burner) meridians are severed, is named Blood Collapse (Xue Beng).

Zhang Zhongjing stated: The pulse at the Cun Kou is wiry and large. Wiry indicates a decrease [in Yang], and large indicates a hollow [like a leek stalk, Kou]. Decrease indicates cold, and hollow indicates deficiency. Deficiency and cold clashing together is named Ge Pulse (Leather Pulse). In women, this leads to miscarriage or persistent dripping bleeding (Lou Xia).

Shen Zhai commented: The above two excerpts from *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (*Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet*) outline that the root of women's metrorrhagia and leukorrhea lies in the severing of the San Jiao meridians, and the Kou (hollow) and Jian (decreased) pulses represent the pathology of clashing deficiency and cold.

Wang Haizang stated: It may occur due to childbirth or postpartum conditions, or due to alcohol and sexual excesses, leading to hemorrhage from both anterior and posterior orifices, with continuous dripping discharge. Initially, the disease resides in the Zi Zang (uterus), entering the Chi Chang (red intestines). The turbid fluids and foul waste descend excessively, causing feces to become dry and constipated, while the posterior stagnation remains unblocked. This indicates simultaneous disease of the fetal organ and intestines. Treatment should aim to push out the foul blood and pus accumulation, replenishing blood to promote regeneration. If the Heart cannot generate blood, the Spleen cannot envelop it, and the Liver cannot store it, this constitutes the severing of the San Jiao meridians. Although chronic diseases vary in depth, novelty, and duration, treatment must also correspond to their severity.

Dai Yuanli stated: Massive bleeding is called "Beng" (Collapse). The blood may be clear or turbid, or purely composed of stagnant blood flowing down, unstoppable. In cases where collapse is severe accompanied by abdominal pain, people often suspect that foul blood has not been fully expelled. Seeing the blood color as dark and stasis-like further confirms the theory of foul blood, making one afraid to use hemostatic methods. Generally, when blood is affected, if it stays in the abdomen before exiting, it forms blood stasis. People consider stasis as foul, but how do they know that stasis might not be caused by deficiency-cold? Abdominal pain caused by stasis ceases when blood circulation resumes. Abdominal pain caused by collapse ceases when bleeding stops. Use Xiong Gui Tang (Ligusticum and Angelica Decoction) added with Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) and Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) to stop the bleeding, after which the pain will naturally cease.

Zhu Danxi stated: There are cases where phlegm-saliva stagnates in the chest, preventing Clear Qi from ascending, thereby causing the meridians to become obstructed and blood to descend. Without resolving the phlegm, Qi movement cannot proceed; without Qi ascending, blood cannot return to the normal vessels. This discussion clearly explains the mechanism of blood leakage. Essentially, by clearing the turbid phlegm-saliva in the chest and diaphragm, Clear Qi ascends; once Clear Qi ascends, blood returns to the vessels and collapse does not occur. Symptoms may include abdominal fullness resembling pregnancy, pain around the umbilicus and abdomen, blood forming clumps, feeling relieved during bleeding but stifled when it stops, or pulsation above the umbilicus. Treatment should focus on resolving phlegm nodules, moving stagnant Qi, and eliminating foul blood.

Shen Zhai commented: The above three excerpts describe blood collapse caused by pathogenic factors such as foul blood and phlegm-saliva (excess pathogens). For any disease, one must first distinguish between deficiency/excess and cold/heat. Regarding collapse and dripping bleeding, there are deficiency patterns and excess patterns, cold patterns and heat patterns. Deficiency primarily involves blood deficiency, Qi deficiency, Yin deficiency, and Yang deficiency. Excess primarily involves foul stasis, foul blood, and phlegm-saliva stagnation. Deficiency manifests as cold and chill, while excess manifests as fire and heat. It is imperative to distinguish these patterns first.