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The *Suwen* (Basic Questions) states: Excessive grief causes the Bao Luo (uterine collateral vessels) to become obstructed. When the Bao Luo is obstructed, Yang Qi moves internally, leading to "Xin Xia Beng" (here referring to massive vaginal bleeding originating from the heart/upper burner region in classical theory) and frequent urination with blood.

The *Suwen* states: Excessive grief causes the Xin Xi (heart connection/tissue) to contract tightly, causing the lung leaves to spread and rise. This results in the obstruction of the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner), with heat qi accumulating in the middle. Consequently, blood flows recklessly, resulting in metrorrhagia (Beng).

The *Suwen* states: Yin deficiency with a surging Yang pulse is termed Beng (metrorrhagia/metrostaxis).

The *Lingshu* (Spiritual Pivot) states: Sudden overeating leads to intestinal fullness. Irregular daily routines and excessive physical exertion damage the Luo Mai (collateral vessels). Damage to the Yin Luo (internal collaterals) causes blood to overflow within the body; internal blood overflow leads to hematochezia (blood in stool). Damage to the collaterals of the stomach and intestines causes blood to溢 (overflow) externally.

Shen Zhai comments: The above three classic discussions outline cases of uterine bleeding in women caused by internal injuries. Uterine bleeding can result from grief, which is a form of emotional injury to the Heart. It can also result from labor, which is an internal injury due to fatigue and overexertion.

The *Yunqi* (Five Movements and Six Qi) text states: When Shao Yin (Lesser Yin) governs the Heaven (seasonal climate), excessive Heat affects the people, causing blood leakage diseases. When Shao Yang (Lesser Yang) governs the Earth, excessive Fire affects the people, causing bloody stools. If the Metal year is deficient,炎 Fire prevails, affecting the people with lower body bleeding diseases.

The *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica) states: This is because Fire flares up and assists the Heart, causing blood abundance and downward flow.

The *Yunqi* text states: When Tai Yin (Greater Yin) governs the Heaven, excessive Cold affects the people, altering the blood internally and causing blood leakage diseases. When Tai Yang (Greater Yang) wins (prevails), blood vessels congeal and stagnate; contracting this pathogen leads to blood leakage. When Yang Ming (Bright Yang) governs the Heaven's Qi, the people suffer from bloody stools, treated with various hot-natured remedies.

The *Bencao Gangmu* states: This is because Cold attacks the Heart, causing blood deficiency and subsequent lower bleeding.

The *Yunqi* text states: In the political administration where Shao Yang governs the Heaven, during the First Qi phase, Wind is abundant and shaking, making the climate significantly warm. The people suffer from uterine bleeding diseases.

Shen Zhai comments: The above three classic discussions outline cases of uterine bleeding in women caused by external pathogens such as Heat, Fire, Cold, and Wind. Although uterine bleeding fundamentally belongs to syndromes of internal injury and insufficiency, occurrences of invasion by Heat, Fire, Cold, and Wind pathogens do exist occasionally. However, uterine bleeding is a disease of the female anterior orifice, belonging to internal causes. The "blood leakage" and "bloody stools" mentioned in the *Yunqi* refer to bleeding from the large intestine, which belongs to external causes. Listing these in the *Bencao Gangmu* under uterine bleeding syndromes is erroneous. Such errors in textual arrangement persist even among scholars like Quanshan, let alone those who follow later. Therefore, I retain this text awaiting future correction.