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Zhang Jiegu stated: "Beng" (sudden heavy bleeding) refers to the sudden and violent discharge of blood; "Lou" (dripping bleeding) refers to continuous, dripping leakage. If rest is improper, labor is excessive, and emotions fluctuate wildly, the Liver is severely injured. The Liver is the repository of blood; when injured, it fails to store blood, resulting in central flooding (Bengzhong) and dripping leakage (Louxia). Alternatively, if grief, worry, or fear are excessive, Yang Qi moves internally, causing a deficiency of True Yin that cannot control the Minister Fire of the Pericardium, leading to blood rushing and causing flooding. Treatment should primarily focus on nourishing blood and calming the spirit. Or, due to Spleen-Stomach Qi deficiency sinking downward, combined with Kidney and Minister Fire, damp-heat forces downward, causing the condition; treatment should primarily focus on regulating the Spleen and nourishing blood. Whether after major or minor postpartum conditions, if sexual intercourse is engaged in abruptly, it results in flooding and dripping. Or, if sexual desire is intense while menstruation has not ceased, damaging the Sea of Blood, it also leads to flooding and dripping. In all these cases, nourishing blood and stabilizing is the superior approach.

Li Dongyuan stated: Women suffering from dripping foul blood, or continuous sudden flooding, often expel watery fluids. This is caused by irregular diet, physical exhaustion from overwork, or insufficient Heart Qi, leading to Heart Fire attacking the Spleen, thereby injuring Spleen Earth. Spleen Earth nourishes the whole body; the Heart generates blood, and blood governs the vessels. When both are injured, the disease manifests in the vessels. Vessels are the residence of blood; the Heart is the spirit of the vessels. When the Heart does not directly command, the Pericardium acts on its behalf. The Heart connection is the vessel linking the Pericardium and Mingmen, governing menstruation and pregnancy. Due to Spleen-Stomach deficiency, the Pericardium takes advantage, causing continuous dripping of blood and water. One should remove dampness and clear heat using Shengyang Chushi Tang (Ascending Yang and Removing Dampness Decoction). This formula follows the method of balance, using wind herbs to overcome dampness, addressing the downward sinking of Stomach Qi that forces blood downward, thereby rescuing sudden flooding caused by Qi collapse. If the illness resolves and menstrual blood and foul matter have cleared, although the main disease is removed, one must subsequently administer Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), etc., multiple times to tonify. If menstrual blood and foul matter continue to flow without cessation, it is crucial to save the root; one must benefit the Spleen and Stomach and retreat the hyperactive Heart Fire, which treats the foundation.

Yu Tianmin stated: Continuous flooding and dripping in women initially stem from hyperactive Heart Fire, causing blood vessels to overflow, leading to Liver excess where blood cannot be contained, thus abolishing the pathways of egress and ingress. The Classic states, "The child can make the mother full," referring to the Minister Fire of the Liver and Kidneys joining the momentum of Heart Fire to fan each other, causing menstrual blood to wander erratically and overflow without timing. If not treated early, it gradually develops into central flooding; if severe, it becomes the syndrome of blood depletion with fever and extreme emaciation, which is incurable.

Shenzhai commented: The above eight items outline flooding and dripping as diseases caused by fire-heat. Both the *Neijing* (Inner Canon) and *Yunqi* (Six Qi and Five Movements) theories attribute blood flooding and dripping to fire. However, fire has deficiency and excess distinctions. Liu Hezi, Xueshi, and Haizang based their arguments on excess Yang pathogenic factors, hence asserting that cold treatments should not be used. Zhang Jiegu and Li Dongyuan, although mentioning Pericardium Minister Fire and Heart Fire attacking the Spleen, pointed out True Yin deficiency and Spleen-Stomach deficiency, indicating that treatment cannot rely solely on clearing heat and fire. Xuantai and Tianmin followed Zhang and Li to elucidate further nuances. When encountering such syndromes, one should not treat exclusively based on fire; one must incorporate the theories of Zhang Jiegu and Li Dongyuan, which is an unchangeable principle.