人之所爱。莫有过爱子者也。而受之至。不能无所忧。忧之至。莫有过忧其疾者也。唯其疾是忧。不知所以除之之
道
而可乎。传云。有疾不择医。为不慈不孝。夫苟饮免不慈不孝之讥。且莫如择医之良矣。夫医之为技。不专其科。则
不能
得也。志分道岐。盼一生技亦不能精也。如甘绳之射。宁越之学。轮扁之刘轮。佝偻丈人之承蜩。可以观也已。自非神
完守固。外物不胶考。何能有慧解哉。是以医之为技。专门之士而往往有良言。平安广川子。专业哑科。来游于吾崎。
留二岁。术日大行。即越人之通咸阳也。予 好方脉之书。广川子清与予交。每或相会。辄及脉家之说。一日携清人周
士称婴儿论。告曰。某曩购此书。实为获异宝。玩而验之严惊疳癖诸症。率皆无不奇中。周氏之于小方脉。可谓精矣。
予欲附之剞劂。以公于天下。子幸赐弁一言。可以行远也。予受卒业。乃欲曰。周氏之精哑科。犹业生鉴病于镜。脏腑
结。了然可知也。盖神完守固。外物不胶。而后得者也。广川子之获之。亦不异越人之遇长桑君。斯笔之行也。天下
之受其子。而忧其疾者。必延熟斯书之医。则亦可不谓知所择哉。支然后庶哉免不慈之饥矣乎。
宽政丁己孟陬望日长崎吉村正隆士兴题
儿初生。肌肤至红。啼声吃吃。胸腹坚硬者。此为热毒所致。儿生下。身体石硬。啼声沉浊者。此为寒毒所致。儿
落草。肌肉淡白。啼声微细者。此为虚质。难养也。儿始生。发黑体实。遍身顺和。啼声高朗者。为无病也。儿口内含
瘀浊。先急拭去。而宜与甘连汤。以吐若泻也。初生肌肤淡白。啼声虚微者。为血气所亏也。宜五香汤主之。
五香汤方
丁香（三分） 藿香（二分） 木香（二分） 沉香（三分） 红花（三分） 甘草（二分）
上六味。以沸汤五合渍之。须臾绞去滓。分温服。儿为纯阳。若身红如然。及胸腹石硬者。宜甘连汤主之。
甘连汤方
甘草（三分） 黄连（二分） 大黄（三分）
上三味。以沸汤渍之。须臾绞去滓。用绵缠子酿。以令儿吮之。儿初生无脉。周时微动也。婴儿脉。大指下六七至。
是为常脉也。儿脉。乱髫一息七八至。为无病也。童草脉。一息五六至。为常脉也。儿初生。二 时。则与乳而可。若
速与乳。则使毒内伏。遂为疮疹之病也。儿生下。黑盒饭续出。若稠粘而少者。甘连加大黄汤主之。儿落草。胸腹石硬
者。为毒多。宜攻击方。儿浊便竭者。可与乳饵。不竭者。未可与乳饵。若误与者。后必致胎毒之病也。儿初浴后。六
日而浴。尔后隔日而浴。三七后减浴。若妄浴者。致风寒之病也。落脐后湿烂者。为恶侯也。桃花笺传之。儿初生。妄
灸者发惊。无病不可逆灸也。落带后。欲浴者。宜文蛤油敷之。
文蛤油方
川文蛤（一钱） 甘草（一分）
上二味研筛。调清油敷之。
儿初生。脐疮出血。啼叫不安者。以白石脂研敷之。儿初生。乳汁稀少。饲以它物则致乳癖。或惊疳泻痢之病也。
儿初生。遍身微冷。啼声不发者。宜蜜附汤主之。
蜜附汤方
人参（三分） 蜜香（三分） 附子（二分） 干姜（二分）
上五味。以水一升。煮取七合。去滓分温服。
儿初生。哺饭者。以周岁为可。法用陈米饭。始哺之。要研烂如泥。与乳每日与一二匙。渐至完饭。儿四五岁者。
不与乳而无妨。二三岁者。未可断乳。若强断。则致疳癖之病也。儿颅门跳动者。为筋骨不实。宜五香加僵蚕汤主之。
儿身体羸弱。肌肤干燥者。宜活血汤主之。
活血汤方
当归（一钱） 芍药（一钱） 红曲（五分） 甘草（三分）
上四味。以水一升。煮取七合。去滓分温服。
儿颅成八字。名解颅此为缺乳所致也。
儿溏泻。真阳必陷降。遂致囟陷者。健骨汤主之。
儿语迟属口软。行迟属脚软。此为体气虚缺所致。宜健骨汤主之。
健骨汤方
人参（二分） 当归（五分） 白僵蚕（五分） 连蕊（二分） 野蚕（三分） 甘草（二分） 生姜（二分）
上七味。以水一升。煮取七合。去滓分温服。儿口疮加雪。为白雪疮。腹中饥欲乳。口为妨。用罗缠指头。酿薄荷
汤。以屡拭。宜火济汤。
火济汤方
黄连（三分） 黄芩（三分） 黄柏（二分） 栀子（二分炒） 茉莉白（二分）
上五味以水一升。煮四味。取七合。去滓内茉莉白。搅调分温服。
儿鹅口者。即白雪疮也。若喉内肿者。名乳蛾。有双单。俱胎毒热灼所致。宜火炭母汤。
火炭母汤方
火炭母（一钱） 大黄芒消（各三分） 桔梗（五分） 甘草（二分）
上五味。以水一升。煮四味。取七合。去滓内芒消。搅调分温服。乳蛾咽肿热痛。啼声不出。乳饵不能者。碧雪主
之。
碧雪方
芒消（六两） 寒水石（一两） 青果（十个，去核） 甘草（半两，研）
上四味。以水一斗。煮至半斗。内蓝板。以色碧为度。不住手搅和匀。倾盆内经宿。凝成雪研末。每含咽三分。或
以水服一钱七。
儿初生。脐疮。若遗毒。蚀烂者。宜桃花笺贴之。桃花笺方。
锻石（二两）
上一味。以雪水五升。渍二旬。加辰砂搅调。色如桃花为度。以酿笺子一旬晒干寸裂。贴患处。儿舌下肿尖。如小
舌。名曰重舌。此为热毒所致。急用铍针刺之。血出当差。仍灸廉泉。若再发者。以不灸故也。
儿初生。元阳未实。若乳饵失节。若努力啼号。必脐尖。名曰脐突。宜消疳汤。脐尖如旋螺。脉数实者。枳芍加
芒消汤主之。
枳芍加芒消汤方
枳实（三分） 芍药（五分炒） 芒消（三分）
上三味。以水一升。煮取七合。去滓分温服。
儿初生。眼目不开。脉必数。若大便难。此为胎热所致。宜甘连加大黄汤。敷以熊胆汁。
儿初生。皮肉锁其谷道。此为锁肛。法急割破。大盒饭通。若不通者难治。儿变蒸。此为胎毒散。宜红花汤主之。
红花汤方
红花（三分） 大黄（三分） 黄连（三分） 芒硝（三分） 甘草（二分）
上五味 咀。以水一升。煮取七合。去滓分温。频频服。儿交奶为病。必发热。或有 者即是也。宜犀角消毒汤。
犀角消毒汤方
犀角（二分） 荆芥（五分） 防风（五分） 牛房子（五分） 甘草（二分）
上五味。以水一升。煮五味。取七合。去滓内犀角屑。搅调分服。
儿初生。身热不解。大便如胶。名曰胎热。必发口疮。若剧者发丹毒。宜红花汤主之。
诸热温温。元真昏晦者。发惊。若虫动。若胎毒。亦发惊。
儿初生。身热四五日。红班簇簇者。为丹毒。宜火济加辰砂汤。
儿初生。身体肥浓。反筋骨乏力。名曰胎肥。宜大麦煎主之。
大麦煎方
茯苓（五分） 砂仁（三分） 马舄（三分） 麦芽（五分）
上四味。以水一升。先煮麦芽。减二合。内诸药。再煮取六合。去滓分温服。
儿始生。露骨柴削。晨暮啼躁不安。名曰胎瘦。宜养肝汤。
养肝汤方
缩砂（五分） 茯苓（五分） 红曲（三分） 白术（三分） 生姜（二分）
上五味。以水一升。煮取五合。去滓。如蜂蜜一匙。搅调分温服。
儿初生。面体 然浮肥。其色鲜明者。为胎肥。
茯苓加桃花饮主之。
儿初生。脐未干。屡治。为湿邪所袭。遂发热而惊。名曰脐风。宜还魂加辰砂汤。
儿脐风。必发惊。短息喘鸣者。麻杏甘石汤主之。
麻杏甘石汤方
麻黄（五分） 杏仁（五个） 甘草（三分） 石膏（一钱）
上四味。以水一升。先煮麻黄。二三沸。去上沫。内诸药。煮取七合。去滓分温服。
儿初生。发惊脉弦。痰喘张口。胸满呕而烦。不能乳者。紫霜丸主之。
紫霜丸方
代赭石（二钱，醋碎） 石脂（二钱） 巴豆（二钱，去皮，油） 杏仁（四钱）
上四味。相和。捣糊丸。婴粟大。每服二三丸。儿生下。头大颈细。若目多白睛。面 白。身体瘦者。多愁少喜也。
儿初生。遍身赤。胸腹硬。啼声吃吃者。必发惊。儿初生。身冷肤硬。啼声嗄。名曰硬件。此为阴毒也。儿生下。
脉
微续者为佳。若妄出者。难养。
儿初生。啼声绵绵相续者。为有寿也。儿啼声绝。复扬急者。为腹痛也。儿啼是歌。盖胎毒散也。
儿初生。卵缝总黑者为实。浮白若肿大者为虚。儿颈细者。致夭横。腹硬者。亦致夭横。
儿初生。体肤如石硬。名曰五硬。胎毒凝结令然。厥冷而声不发者死。
儿始生。身体软弱而无力。为筋骨不成。名曰五软。宜健骨汤主之。腊内脐风。发惊而呕者不可治。百 咳喘。亦
不可治。婴孩。脑后发疮。如鸡子大。红紫而 热名曰脑疮死。儿生下。无肛者。为锁肛。急割之锁肛者生。锁肚者死。
[Background Information]
Book: *Ying'er Lun* (Treatise on Infants)
Author: Zhou Shimi
Dynasty: Qing
Chapter: Preface / Chapter 1: Differentiating Initial Pulse, Signs and Treatments
Category: Gynecology and Pediatrics
[English Translation]
Among all things people cherish, nothing is more loved than children. Yet once they are born, one cannot help but worry. Of all worries, none exceeds the anxiety over their illnesses. Since we worry about their illnesses, how can we be content without knowing the way to eliminate them? The ancients said, "If one has an illness and does not choose a physician, it is considered unkind and unfilial." If one wishes to avoid the ridicule of being unkind and unfilial, there is no better way than choosing a skilled physician. Medicine as a skill requires specialization; without focusing on a specific branch, one cannot attain mastery. If one's aspirations are scattered across various paths, even a lifetime of practice will not lead to refinement. Consider the archery of Gan Sheng, the study of Ning Yue, the wheel-making of Lun Bian, or the mantis-catching by the old man with the hunched back—these illustrate the importance of singular focus. Unless one's spirit is complete and one's guard is firm, remaining unattached to external distractions, how can wisdom and understanding arise? Therefore, in the field of medicine, specialists often offer profound insights. Guangchuanzi from Ping'an, who specialized in pediatrics (historically referred to as 'mute department' because infants cannot speak), came to Nagasaki for a visit and stayed for two years. His medical skills became increasingly renowned, much like Qi Bo (Bian Que) mastering the knowledge of Xianyang. I have a fondness for books on pulse diagnosis and prescriptions. Guangchuanzi Qing frequently interacted with me, and whenever we met, our conversations invariably turned to theories of pulse diagnosis. One day, he brought Zhou Shimi's *Ying'er Lun* (Treatise on Infants) from the Qing Dynasty and said, "I previously purchased this book, regarding it as a rare treasure. Upon careful study and verification against symptoms such as convulsions, malnutrition, and abdominal masses, its efficacy has been consistently miraculous. Zhou's expertise in pediatric pulse diagnosis is truly refined. I wish to have it printed and published for the world. I hope you will grant me a preface so that it may spread far and wide." After finishing the book, I wished to say: Zhou's proficiency in pediatrics is like a blind person using a mirror to examine disease; the accumulation in the zang-fu organs becomes clearly visible. This is achieved only when one's spirit is complete, one's guard is firm, and one is unattached to external distractions. Guangchuanzi's acquisition of this book is no different from Bian Que encountering Changsang Jun. With the dissemination of this text, those in the world who love their children and worry about their illnesses will surely seek out physicians familiar with this book, thus demonstrating wise choice. In this way, perhaps the accusation of unkindness can be avoided.
Dated the 15th day of the first month in the Ding-Si year of the Kansei era, inscribed by Yoshimura Masataka of Nagasaki.
When an infant is first born, if the skin is very red, the crying sound is harsh/chirping, and the chest and abdomen are hard, this is caused by heat-toxin. If the body is stone-hard and the crying sound is deep and turbid after birth, this is caused by cold-toxin. If the muscles are pale white and the crying sound is faint upon delivery, this indicates a deficient constitution, which is difficult to nurture. If the hair is black, the body is solid, the whole body is harmonious, and the crying sound is loud and clear, the infant is healthy. If the infant has stagnant turbidity in the mouth, it should be wiped away urgently, and then administered *Ganlian Tang* (Licorice and Coptis Decoction) to induce vomiting or purgation to expel toxins. If the skin is pale white and the crying sound is weak due to blood and qi deficiency at birth, *Wuxiang Tang* (Five Fragrances Decoction) should be used as the primary treatment.
**Wuxiang Tang Formula**
* Dingxiang (Clove) - 3 fen
* Huoxiang (Patchouli) - 2 fen
* Muxiang (Costus Root) - 2 fen
* Chenxiang (Agarwood) - 3 fen
* Honghua (Safflower) - 3 fen
* Gancao (Licorice) - 2 fen
Take the above six ingredients, soak in five he of boiling water. After a moment, strain off the dregs. Divide into warm doses. Infants are of pure yang nature. If the body is red as if painted with cinnabar and the chest/abdomen are stone-hard, *Ganlian Tang* should be used.
**Ganlian Tang Formula**
* Gancao (Licorice) - 3 fen
* Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) - 2 fen
* Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) - 3 fen
Take the above three ingredients, soak in boiling water. After a moment, strain off the dregs. Wrap the liquid in cotton cloth and let the infant suckle it. Infants initially have no palpable pulse; a faint movement appears after one week. The normal infant pulse beats 6-7 times per respiration under the thumb. For toddlers with unruly hair, 7-8 beats per respiration indicates health. For young children, 5-6 beats per respiration is normal. Feeding should begin two shi (4 hours) after birth. Feeding too early causes toxins to lodge internally, leading to sores and rashes. Black meconium should pass continuously after birth. If it is thick, sticky, and scanty, *Ganlian Jia Dahuang Tang* (Ganlian Tang plus Rhubarb) should be used. If the chest and abdomen are stone-hard, it indicates abundant toxins; use an attacking formula. If turbid stool is exhausted, milk can be given; if not, do not give milk yet. Mistaken feeding may later cause diseases from fetal toxins. After the first bath, bathe again on the sixth day, then every other day. After 21 days, reduce bathing frequency. Irregular bathing may cause wind-cold diseases. Wet rotting after umbilical cord separation is an ominous sign; apply Taohua Jian (Peach Blossom Paper). Irrational moxibustion in newborns may trigger convulsions; do not perform moxibustion unnecessarily. After cord separation, if bathing is desired, apply Wen Ge You (Clam Oil).
**Wen Ge You Formula**
* Chuanwen Ge (River Clam Shell) - 1 qian
* Gancao (Licorice) - 1 fen
Grind and sieve the two ingredients, mix with clear oil, and apply.
For bleeding umbilical sores with restless crying, apply ground Baishizhi (Halloysite). Scanty breast milk and alternative feeding may cause milk-masses, convulsions, malnutrition, diarrhea, or dysentery. For general coldness and silent crying, use *Mifu Tang* (Honey and Aconite Decoction).
**Mifu Tang Formula**
* Renshen (Ginseng) - 3 fen
* Mixiang (Honey-scented herb? *Note: Likely a typo for a specific aromatic or honey itself, translated literally*) - 3 fen
* Fuzi (Prepared Aconite) - 2 fen
* Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) - 2 fen
Boil five ingredients in one sheng of water to yield seven he. Strain and divide into warm doses. Solid food should ideally start at one year of age. Use aged rice porridge, mashed to mud consistency, mixed with milk, starting with 1-2 spoons daily, gradually increasing. Weaning before age 3 may cause malnutrition/masses. Pulsating fontanelle indicates weak bones/tendons; use *Wuxiang Jia Jiangcan Tang* (Wuxiang Tang plus Silkworm). Weak body and dry skin require *Huoxue Tang* (Blood-Invigorating Decoction).
**Huoxue Tang Formula**
* Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) - 1 qian
* Shaoyao (Peony Root) - 1 qian
* Hongqu (Red Yeast Rice) - 5 fen
* Gancao (Licorice) - 3 fen
Boil four ingredients in one sheng of water to yield seven he. Strain and divide into warm doses. Open cranial sutures ("Jie Lu") result from lack of milk. Diarrhea sinking true yang leads to sunken fontanelles; treat with *Jianggu Tang* (Bone-Strengthening Decoction). Delayed speech (soft mouth) and walking (weak legs) indicate qi deficiency; use *Jianggu Tang*.
**Jianggu Tang Formula**
* Renshen (Ginseng) - 2 fen
* Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) - 5 fen
* Baijiangcan (White Silkworm) - 5 fen
* Lianrui (Stamen) - 2 fen
* Yecan (Wild Silkworm) - 3 fen
* Gancao (Licorice) - 2 fen
* Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) - 2 fen
Boil seven ingredients in one sheng of water to yield seven he. Strain and divide into warm doses. Mouth ulcers resembling snow are called "Snow White Ulcers." For hunger but oral obstruction, wipe with mint decoction-coated finger; use *Huoji Tang*.
**Huoji Tang Formula**
* Huanglian (Coptis) - 3 fen
* Huangqin (Scutellaria) - 3 fen
* Huangbai (Phellodendron) - 2 fen
* Zhizi (Gardenia) - 2 fen (stir-fried)
* Moli Bai (Jasmine White/Petal) - 2 fen
Boil first four ingredients in one sheng of water to yield seven he. Add Jasmine, mix, and divide into warm doses. Thrush is Snow White Ulcer. Swollen throat is "Ru E" (Breast Butterfly), caused by fetal heat-toxin; use *Huotanmu Tang*.
**Huotanmu Tang Formula**
* Huotanmu (Polygonum aviculare) - 1 qian
* Dahuang & Mangxiao (Rhubarb & Mirabilite) - 3 fen each
* Jiegeng (Platycodon) - 5 fen
* Gancao (Licorice) - 2 fen
Boil first four ingredients in one sheng of water to yield seven he. Add Mangxiao, mix, and divide into warm doses. For swollen/painful throat preventing feeding, use *Bixue* (Green Snow).
**Bixue Formula**
* Mangxiao (Mirabilite) - 6 liang
* Hanshuishi (Calcitrite) - 1 liang
* Qingguo (Chinese Olive) - 10 (pitted)
* Gancao (Licorice) - 0.5 liang (ground)
Boil in ten dou of water until reduced to five dou. Add Lanban (Indigo dye plate?), stir constantly until green. Let sit overnight in basin until it congeals like snow. Grind to powder. Take 3 fen by holding in mouth, or 1.7 qian with water.
For eroding umbilical sores, apply *Taohua Jian*.
**Taohua Jian Formula:**
* Duanshi (Calamine) - 2 liang
Soak in five sheng of snow water for 20 days. Add Zhensha (Cinnabar), stir until peach-blossom colored. Soak paper for 10 days, dry until cracking, and apply. Tongue swelling resembling a small tongue is "Chong She" (Double Tongue), caused by heat-toxin. Prick with needle to bleed, then moxa Lianquan point. Recurrence implies previous lack of moxa.
Umbilical protrusion ("Qi Tu") due to incomplete primordial yang or straining crying. Use *Xiaogan Tang*. If spiral-shaped and pulse is rapid/solid, use *Zhi Shao Jia Mangxiao Tang*.
**Zhi Shao Jia Mangxiao Tang Formula**
* Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) - 3 fen
* Shaoyao (Peony) - 5 fen (stir-fried)
* Mangxiao (Mirabilite) - 3 fen
Boil three ingredients in one sheng of water to yield seven he. Strain and divide into warm doses. Unopened eyes with rapid pulse and constipation indicate fetal heat; use *Ganlian Jia Dahuang Tang* and apply Bear Bile. Anus locked by membrane ("Suo Gang") requires urgent incision; otherwise fatal. "Bian Zheng" (metabolic fever) disperses fetal toxins; use *Honghua Tang*.
**Honghua Tang Formula**
* Honghua (Safflower) - 3 fen
* Dahuang (Rhubarb) - 3 fen
* Huanglian (Coptis) - 3 fen
* Mangxiao (Mirabilite) - 3 fen
* Gancao (Licorice) - 2 fen
Crush five ingredients, boil in one sheng of water to yield seven he. Strain and take frequently. Fever during nursing transition ("Jiao Nai") requires *Xijiao Xiaodu Tang*.
**Xijiao Xiaodu Tang Formula**
* Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn - *Substitute with Buffalo Horn in modern practice*) - 2 fen
* Jingjie (Schizonepeta) - 5 fen
* Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia) - 5 fen
* Niufangzi (Cowherb Seed) - 5 fen
* Gancao (Licorice) - 2 fen
Boil five ingredients in one sheng of water to yield seven he. Add Xijiao屑 (shavings), mix, and divide into doses. Persistent fever with glue-like stool is "Tai Re" (Fetal Heat), causing mouth ulcers or erysipelas; use *Honghua Tang*. Heat confusing primordial truth causes convulsions. Red spots after 4-5 days of fever are erysipelas; use *Huoji Jia Zhensha Tang*. Obese infants with weak tendons/bones are "Tai Fei" (Fetal Fat); use *Damai Jian*.
**Damai Jian Formula**
* Fuling (Poria) - 5 fen
* Sharen (Amomum) - 3 fen
* Maxi (Plantago seeds/herb) - 3 fen
* Maiya (Barley Sprout) - 5 fen
Boil Maiya in one sheng of water, reduce by two he. Add others, boil to six he. Strain and divide into warm doses. Emaciated infants crying restlessly are "Tai Shou" (Fetal Thinness); use *Yanggan Tang*.
**Yanggan Tang Formula**
* Suosha (Cardamom) - 5 fen
* Fuling (Poria) - 5 fen
* Hongqu (Red Yeast) - 3 fen
* Baizhu (Atractylodes) - 3 fen
* Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) - 2 fen
Boil five ingredients in one sheng of water to yield five he. Add one spoon of honey, mix, and divide into warm doses. Puffy, bright-faced infants are "Tai Fei"; use *Fuling Jia Taohua Yin*. Umbilical infection causing fever/convulsions is "Qi Feng" (Umbilical Wind); use *Huanhun Jia Zhensha Tang*. Umbilical wind with panting/wheezing uses *Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang*.
**Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Formula**
* Mahuang (Ephedra) - 5 fen
* Xingren (Apricot Seed) - 5 grains
* Gancao (Licorice) - 3 fen
* Shigao (Gypsum) - 1 qian
Boil Mahuang in one sheng of water for 2-3 boils, remove foam. Add others, boil to seven he. Strain and divide into warm doses. Convulsions with string-taut pulse, phlegm-wheeze, open mouth, chest fullness, vomiting, and inability to feed require *Zishuang Wan*.
**Zishuang Wan Formula**
* Daizheshi (Hematite) - 2 qian (crushed in vinegar)
* Shizhi (Kaolin/Halloysite) - 2 qian
* Badou (Croton Seed) - 2 qian (peeled, oil removed)
* Xingren (Apricot Seed) - 4 qian
Mix, pound into paste, form pills size of infant millet. Take 2-3 pills. Large head/thin neck, excessive white sclera, pale face, thin body indicate melancholy. Red body, hard chest/abdomen, chirping cry indicate impending convulsions. Cold/hard body with hoarse cry is "Hard Body" (Yin Toxin). Continuous faint pulse is good; erratic pulse is hard to nurture. Continuous crying indicates longevity. Sudden cessation followed by urgent crying indicates abdominal pain. Singing-like crying indicates dispersal of fetal toxins. Black scrotal seam indicates excess; floating white/swollen indicates deficiency. Thin neck or hard abdomen leads to premature death. Stone-hard body is "Wu Ying" (Five Hardnesses); cold limbs and silence indicate death. Soft/weak body is "Wu Ruan" (Five Softnesses); use *Jianggu Tang*. Umbilical wind with vomiting/convulsions late in winter is incurable. Hundred-day cough/wheeze is incurable. Brain abscess (egg-sized, red/purple/hot) is fatal. Imperforate anus ("Suo Gang") is curable if cut immediately; "Suo Du" (locked belly/intestine) is fatal.