议曰∶小儿有因惊暴触心，肺气虚发喘者，有伤寒肺气壅盛发喘者，有感风咳嗽肺虚发喘者，有因食咸酸伤肺气发
虚痰作喘者，有食热物毒物，冒触三焦，肺肝气逆作喘者。喘与气急、同出而异名，但别其轻重耳。痰火两端，喘即口
开，隘于胸臆，息短促急，心神迷闷，其因惊发喘，逆触心肺，暴急张口，虚烦神困者，大效雄朱化痰定喘丸主之，佐
以天麻定喘饮乃效。其伤寒肺气壅盛发喘者，是表不解，以小青龙汤、麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤，辨其冷热而施治焉。其感
风咳嗽，肺虚发喘者，则三拗汤加减治之。其食咸酸而喘者， 以生腐，有热治之以凉肺定喘之剂。又有哮喘者，以许
叔微十六般哮喘之法治之，无不愈。又有汗下之后而喘急者，葛根黄芩黄连汤主之，喘甚者加葶苈子。又有葶苈丸宽气
进食，千金射干汤，治咳逆喘急大效。
大效雄朱化痰定喘丸 治小儿因惊，发喘逆、触心肺，暴急张口，虚烦神困。
雄黄（一两、研） 朱砂（一两、研） 蝉蜕（一两） 全蝎（一两、炒） 白僵蚕（一两） 天南星（一两） 白
附子（炮一两） 轻粉（半两）
上为末，面糊丸如麻子大，每服三十丸，薄荷茶清送下，食后服。
天麻定喘饮 见第五十四问。
天麻（一两） 防风（一两） 羌活（一两） 甘草（炙、五钱） 人参（五钱、去芦） 桔梗（五钱） 白术（五
钱炒） 川芎（五钱） 半夏曲（五钱）
上锉，每服二钱，水一盏，麦门冬十四粒，煎至七分，食后服。有热去白术，加芍药枳壳。
小青龙汤 见第五十四问。
麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤 治伤寒发汗后，不可更行桂枝汤，汗出而喘，无大热者，下后喘亦治。
麻黄（三两、去节、汤泡去黄汁、焙干秤） 杏仁（二十五个、去皮尖） 石膏（四两、研） 甘草（一两、炙）
上 咀，每服二钱，水一盏，煎六分，去滓温服。
三拗汤 见第五十四问。
总治十六般哮喘方（出本事方）
阿胶（一两、碎、蛤粉炒成珠） 马兜铃（一两） 甘草（炙、一两） 半夏（一两、姜汁浸三日、炒） 杏仁（一
两、去皮） 人参（半两）
上为末，每服一钱，水一盏，随病有汤使，煎至七分，临卧食后服。汤使开后∶
心嗽面赤或汗流，加葛根煎。
肺嗽眼中泪出，加乌梅一个，糯米十四粒煎服。
脾嗽不思饮食，或恶心，入生姜二片煎。
胃嗽吐逆呕酸水，入蛤粉煎服。
胆嗽令人不睡，用药半钱，茶清调下。
肺嗽上气喘急，入桑白皮煎。
膈嗽出痰如圆块，入生姜自然汁调药咽下。
劳嗽入秦艽末同煎。
冷嗽天晚嗽甚，加葱白三寸同煎。
血嗽连频不住，加当归、枣子同煎。
暴嗽涕唾稠粘，入乌梅、生姜同煎。
产嗽背胛痛，加甘草三寸，黄蜡少许煎。
气嗽肚疼胀满，入青皮同煎。
哮嗽声如拽锯，入半夏二枚同煎。
肾嗽时复三两声，入黄 、白饴糖煎。
以上十五般嗽疾，根据法煎服，无不效验。
葛根黄芩黄连汤 治太阳病反下之，利遂不止。脉促者，表未解也。喘而汗出者，葛根黄芩黄连汤主之。
葛根（二两） 黄芩（七钱半） 黄连（七钱半） 甘草（半两、炙）
上 咀，每服三钱，水一盏，煎七分，去滓加减服。喘甚加葶苈子。
葶苈丸 见第五十四问。
千金射干汤 治小儿咳嗽，喘息如水鸡声。
射干 麻黄 紫菀 甘草 生姜 细辛 阿胶（各半两） 半夏（五个） 桂心（五寸） 大枣（二十个）
上 咀，水七升，煎取一升五合，去滓，入蜜五合，煎一沸，分温服，二合日三服。
Remarks: In children, asthma (wheezing and shortness of breath) may arise from several causes. Some cases result from sudden fright disturbing the Heart spirit, leading to deficiency of Lung Qi; some from Cold Damage (Shanghan) causing stagnation and excess in Lung Qi; some from contracting Wind pathogens with coughing and Lung deficiency; some from consuming salty or sour foods that injure Lung Qi, generating deficient phlegm; and some from ingesting hot or toxic substances that disrupt the Triple Burner, causing rebellious Qi in the Lungs and Liver. Asthma and rapid breathing share the same origin but differ in name, distinguished only by severity. Regarding phlegm-heat patterns, asthma presents with an open mouth, chest tightness, short and rapid breathing, and mental confusion. For asthma triggered by fright, where Qi rebels against the Heart and Lungs, presenting with sudden urgency, open mouth, empty irritability, and mental fatigue, Da Xiao Xiong Zhu Hua Tan Ding Chuan Wan (Greatly Effective Realgar and Cinnabar Phlegm-Resolving Asthma-Calming Pill) is the primary formula, supplemented by Tian Ma Ding Chuan Yin (Gastrodia Asthma-Calming Decoction) for efficacy. For asthma due to Cold Damage with Lung Qi stagnation, indicating unresolved exterior syndrome, Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) or Ma Huang Xing Ren Gan Cao Shi Gao Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Licorice, and Gypsum Decoction) should be used, differentiated by cold or heat patterns. For asthma due to Wind-cough and Lung deficiency, San Ao Tang (Three Uninhibited Decoction) modified is indicated. For asthma caused by salty/sour food intake, if heat has generated, cooling Lung formulas are used. For asthma patients, Xu Shuwei’s sixteen methods for treating various asthmas are effective. For asthma following sweating or purging therapies, Ge Gen Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang (Kudzu, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction) is prescribed, adding Galii Semen (Tinglizi) for severe cases. Tingli Wan (Galii Pill) promotes Qi circulation and appetite, while Qianjin Shegan Tang (Thousand Gold Belamcanda Decoction) is highly effective for cough with rebellious Qi and asthma.
Da Xiao Xiong Zhu Hua Tan Ding Chuan Wan (Greatly Effective Realgar and Cinnabar Phlegm-Resolving Asthma-Calming Pill): Treats pediatric asthma due to fright, Qi rebellion affecting Heart and Lungs, sudden open mouth, empty irritability, and mental fatigue.
Xionghuang (Realgar, 1 liang, ground) Zhusha (Cinnabar, 1 liang, ground) Chan Tui (Cicada Slough, 1 liang) Quan Xie (Whole Scorpion, 1 liang, fried) Bai Jiang Can (White Silkworm, 1 liang) Tian Nan Xing (Arisaema Rhizome, 1 liang) Bai Fu Zi (Typhonium Rhizome, processed, 1 liang) Qing Fen (Calomel, 0.5 liang)
Grind all ingredients into powder, form pills with wheat paste size of hemp seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, washed down with mint tea, after meals.
Tian Ma Ding Chuan Yin (Gastrodia Asthma-Calming Decoction): See Question 54.
Tian Ma (Gastrodia Rhizome, 1 liang) Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root, 1 liang) Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome, 1 liang) Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice Root, 5 qian) Ren Shen (Ginseng Root, 5 qian, tip removed) Jie Geng (Platycodon Root, 5 qian) Chao Bai Zhu (Fried Atractylodes Rhizome, 5 qian) Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum Rhizome, 5 qian) Ban Xia Qu (Pinellia Fermented Paste, 5 qian)
Cut herbs, take 2 qian per dose, add 1 cup water and 14 seeds of Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), decoct to 70%, take after meals. If heat signs exist, remove Bai Zhu, add Shao Yao (Peony Root) and Zhi Ke (Bitter Orange).
Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction): See Question 54.
Ma Huang Xing Ren Gan Cao Shi Gao Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Licorice, and Gypsum Decoction): Treats post-sweating asthma in Cold Damage where Guizhi Tang is contraindicated, presenting with sweating, asthma, and no high fever; also treats post-purging asthma.
Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, 3 liang, nodes removed, soaked in hot water to remove yellow juice, dried) Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, 25 pieces, skin and tip removed) Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 4 liang, ground) Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang)
Cut herbs, take 2 qian per dose, add 1 cup water, decoct to 60%, strain, take warm.
San Ao Tang (Three Uninhibited Decoction): See Question 54.
Zong Zhi Shi Liu Ban Xian Ao Fang (General Formula for Sixteen Types of Asthma, from Ben Shi Fang):
E Jiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin, 1 liang, crushed, fried with蛤粉 to pearls) Ma Dou Ling (Aristolochiae Fructus, 1 liang) Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang) Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 1 liang, soaked in ginger juice for 3 days, fried) Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, 1 liang, skin removed) Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, 0.5 liang)
Grind into powder, take 1 qian per dose, add 1 cup water and appropriate vehicle (Tang Shi) based on condition, decoct to 70%, take after dinner. Vehicles:
For Heart cough (red face or sweating), add Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix).
For Lung cough (tearing eyes), add one Wu Mei (Mume Fructus) and 14 grains of Mi Ni (Oryza Sativa Glutinosa).
For Spleen cough (anorexia or nausea), add two slices of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens).
For Stomach cough (vomiting acid), add Ge Fen (Concha Meretricis et Cyprinis).
For Gallbladder cough (insomnia), take 0.5 qian mixed with Cha Qing (Tea infusion).
For Lung cough (upper asthma/rapid breathing), add Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex).
For Diaphragm cough (phlegm clumps), mix with fresh Sheng Jiang juice.
For Labor/Loss cough, add Qin Jiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) powder.
For Cold cough (worse at night), add 3 cun of Cong Bai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus).
For Blood cough (continuous), add Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) and Zao (Jujubae Fructus).
For Acute cough (thick sputum), add Wu Mei and Sheng Jiang.
For Postpartum cough (scapular pain), add 3 cun of Gan Cao and a little Huang La (Beeswax).
For Qi cough (abdominal distension/pain), add Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride).
For Wheezing cough (saw-like sound), add two Ban Xia.
For Kidney cough (intermittent), add Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) and Bai Yi Tang (Saccharum Album).
The above fifteen types of coughs, when treated according to these methods, are invariably effective.
Ge Gen Huang Qin Huang Lian Tang (Kudzu, Scutellaria, and Coptis Decoction): Treats Sunyang disease where improper purging leads to persistent diarrhea. Rapid pulse indicates unresolved exterior. Asthma with sweating is treated with this formula.
Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix, 2 liang) Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 7.5 qian) Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 7.5 qian) Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang)
Cut herbs, take 3 qian per dose, add 1 cup water, decoct to 70%, strain, adjust dosage as needed. Add Ting Li Zi (Galii Semen) for severe asthma.
Ting Li Wan (Galii Pill): See Question 54.
Qian Jin She Gan Tang (Thousand Gold Belamcanda Decoction): Treats pediatric cough with wheezing sounding like a water frog.
She Gan (Belamcandae Rhizoma) Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba) Zi Wan (Asteris Radix) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) E Jiao (Colla Corii Asini) (each 0.5 liang) Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 5 pieces) Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Ramulus) Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus, 20 pieces)
Cut herbs, add 7 sheng water, decoct to 1.5 sheng, strain, add 5 he honey, boil once, divide into warm doses. Take 2 he three times daily.