诸风掉眩。皆属肝木。
掉。摇也。眩。昏乱旋运也。风主动故也。所以风气盛而头目眩晕者。由风木旺。必是
金衰
不能制木。而木复生火。风火皆属阳。多为兼化。阳主乎动。两动相搏。则为之旋转。故火
本动也。焰得风自然旋转。如春分至小满。而为二之气分。风火相搏。则多起飘风。俗谓旋
风是也。四时皆有之。由五运六气。千变万化。冲荡击搏。推之无穷。安得失时而便谓之无
也。但有微甚而已。人或乘车跃马。登舟环舞。其动不止。而左右纡曲。经曰曲直动摇。风
之用也。眩晕而呕吐者。风热甚故也。
诸痛痒疮疡。皆属心火。
人近火气者。微热则痒。热甚则痛。附近则灼而为疮。皆火之用也。或痒痛如针轻刺者
犹
飞迸火星灼之然也。痒者美疾也。故火旺于夏。而万物蕃鲜荣美也。炙之以火。渍之以汤。
而痒转甚者。微热之所使也。因而痒去者。热令皮肤宽缓。腠理开通。阳气得泄。热散而去
故也。或夏月皮肤痒。而以冷水沃之不去者。寒能收敛。腠理闭密。阳气郁结。不能散越。
怫热内作故也。痒得爬而解者。爬为火化。微则亦能令痒。爬令皮肤辛辣。而属金化。辛能
散。故金化见而火力分解矣。或云痛为实。痒为虚。非谓虚为寒也。正谓热之微甚也。或疑
疮疡。皆属火热。而反腐出脓水者何也。犹谷肉菜果。热极则腐烂而溃为污水。溃而腐烂。
水之化也。盖所谓五行之理。过极则胜己者反来制之。故火热过极。则反兼于水化。又如盐
能固物。令不腐烂者。咸寒水化。制其火热。使不过极。故得久固也。万物皆然。
诸湿肿满。皆属脾土。
地之体也。土湿过极。则痞塞肿满。物湿亦然。故长夏属土。则庶物隆盛也。
诸气 郁。病痿。皆属肺金。
谓 满也。郁谓奔迫也。痿谓手足痿弱。无力以运动也。大抵肺主气。气为阳。阳主
轻清
而升。故肺居上部。病则其气 满奔迫。不能上升。至于手足痿弱无力运动者。由肺金本燥
燥之为病也。血液衰少。不能荣养百骸故也。经曰。目得血而能视。掌得血而能握。指得
血而能摄。足得血而能步。故秋金旺。则雾气蒙郁而草萎落。病之象也。（萎犹痿也）
诸寒收引。皆属肾水。
收敛引急。寒之用也。故冬寒则拘缩矣。
Various wind diseases causing tremors and dizziness all belong to the Liver Wood system.
"Diao" refers to shaking; "Xuan" refers to a sensation of vertigo and disorientation. This is because Wind has the nature of movement. Therefore, in cases where excessive Wind causes dizziness and vertigo, it is due to an excess of Wind-Wood Qi, inevitably accompanied by a deficiency of Metal Qi that fails to control Wood, leading Wood to generate Fire. Both Wind and Fire belong to Yang, often transforming together. Yang governs movement; when two dynamic forces clash, rotation occurs. Thus, Fire inherently moves, and flames naturally rotate when encountering Wind. For instance, from the Spring Equinox to Minor Fullness (the second Qi phase), the interaction between Wind and Fire often generates whirlwinds, commonly known as tornadoes. This phenomenon occurs in all four seasons, resulting from the infinite variations and interactions of the Five Movements and Six Qi. How can one deny its existence simply because it does not occur at its typical season? There are only degrees of severity. When people ride horses or boats, or dance in circles, their bodies move continuously and curve left and right. The Classics state: "Bending and straightening, shaking and moving, are the functions of Wind." If dizziness is accompanied by vomiting, it is due to severe Wind-Heat.
Various pains, itching, sores, and ulcers all belong to the Heart Fire system.
When humans approach fire, slight heat causes itching, intense heat causes pain, and close proximity causes burning and ulceration; these are all functions of Fire. Itching and pain resembling light needle pricks are like flying sparks burning the skin. Itching is considered a manifestation of a benign condition; thus, when Fire is prosperous in summer, all things flourish and appear beautiful. Applying heat via moxibustion or hot water immersion may exacerbate itching due to mild heat. If itching subsides subsequently, it is because heat relaxes the skin, opens the Couli (skin pores and interstices), allows Yang Qi to dissipate, and clears the heat. However, if cold water applied to itchy skin in summer fails to relieve symptoms, it is because Cold causes contraction, closing the Couli, trapping Yang Qi internally, leading to stagnation and internal heat generation. Scratching relieves itching because scratching generates Fire transformation; mild scratching can induce itching, but it also creates a pungent sensation on the skin, which belongs to Metal transformation. Pungency disperses, so when Metal transformation appears, the Fire force is decomposed. Some argue that pain indicates Excess and itching indicates Deficiency, but here "Deficiency" does not mean Cold; rather, it refers to the degree of Heat. One might question why sores and ulcers, attributed to Fire-Heat, sometimes suppurate and discharge pus. This is analogous to grains, meats, vegetables, and fruits rotting into liquid when heat reaches its extreme. Rotting and ulceration represent Water transformation. According to the principles of the Five Elements, when a factor reaches its extreme, the element that controls it counteracts it. Thus, when Fire-Heat is extreme, it assumes characteristics of Water. Similarly, salt preserves food by preventing rot because its salty-cold Water nature controls Fire-Heat, preventing extremity, thereby ensuring longevity. This applies to all things.
Various dampness-induced swellings and fullness all belong to the Spleen Earth system.
This reflects the nature of the earth. When Dampness is excessive, it causes obstruction, swelling, and distension, just as objects become swollen when wet. Therefore, the Late Summer corresponds to Earth, during which all things flourish abundantly.
Various Qi stagnation and Wei syndrome all belong to the Lung Metal system.
"" refers to distension; "Yu" refers to urgent rushing Qi; "Wei" refers to flaccidity and weakness of the limbs, inability to move. Generally, the Lung governs Qi. Qi is Yang, and Yang is light, clear, and ascending; thus, the Lung resides in the upper jiao. In disease, Qi becomes distended and rushes without ascending. Flaccidity and weakness of the limbs result from the inherent dryness of Lung Metal. Dryness pathology leads to blood deficiency, failing to nourish the bones and sinews. The Classics state: "The eyes see when nourished by blood; the palms grasp when nourished by blood; the fingers hold when nourished by blood; the feet walk when nourished by blood." Therefore, when Autumn Metal Qi is strong, misty fog stagnates, and grass and trees wither and fall, which is a sign of disease. ("Wei" is synonymous with "Wei" [flaccidity]).
Various cold-induced contraction and pulling/tightness all belong to the Kidney Water system.
Contraction and pulling tightness are the functions of Cold. Thus, in winter cold, the body becomes contracted and stiff.