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Ying and Liu (goiter and tumor) are conditions mostly caused by damage to Qi and Blood. Generally, if a person's Qi and Blood circulate without stagnation, they will not suffer from such ailments as Ying and Liu. If proper care and regulation are neglected, blood may coagulate within the skin and flesh, suddenly swelling up like a plum. Over time, it will grow larger.

Ying is classified into five types: Shi Ying (Stone Goiter), Rou Ying (Flesh Goiter), Jin Ying (Tendon Goiter), Xue Ying (Blood Goiter), and Qi Ying (Qi Goiter).
Liu is classified into six types: Gu Liu (Bone Tumor), Zhi Liu (Fat Tumor), Shi Liu (Stone Tumor), Rou Liu (Flesh Tumor), Nong Liu (Pus Tumor), and Xue Liu (Blood Tumor).

Regarding treatment methods, neither Ying nor Liu should ever be punctured with a needle. If punctured and pus leaks inadvertently, it can be fatal. The only exception is Zhi Liu (Fat Tumor), which can be lanced to remove the fatty matter; however, this should not be done lightly. I will outline the distinctions between Liu and Ying below; physicians should examine them carefully to avoid errors.

[Xiaoying Tang (Goiter-Resolving Decoction)]
Zao Hai (Sargassum Herba, washed), Long Dan Cao (Gentianae Radix), Hai Ge Fen (Concha Arcae Pulvis, each 2 liang), Tong Cao (Tetrapanacis Medulla), Kun Bu (Laminariae Thallus, burned until carbonized but retaining efficacy), Ku Bai Fan (Alumen Exsiccatum), Song Luo (Ramuli Usneae, each 1 liang), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 2.5 liang), Mai Qu (Saccharomyces Fermentum, 1.5 liang), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, 1 liang).
Grind all ingredients into powder. Take 5 qian per dose, decocted in wine. Avoid consuming Gan Cao (Licorice Root), shrimp, fish, pork, Wu Xin (five pungent spices), and other toxic or irritating foods. Additionally, one must swallow Fan La Wan (Alum and Beeswax Pill).

[Discussion on treating Ying, Liu, Yong Ju (abscesses), Bian Du (perineal abscesses), and malignant sores that fail to heal for a long time]
[Jingyan Fan La Wan (Experienced Alum and Beeswax Pill)]
Take 4 liang of raw Bai Fan (Alumen), grind into powder. Melt 2 liang of Huang La (Cera Flava). Have multiple people roll the mixture into pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, swallowed with plain warm water on an empty stomach.

[Discussion on a secret formula from the Imperial Household for treating Ying Qi (Goiter Qi)]
Zao Hai (Sargassum Herba, washed with hot water), Kun Bu (Laminariae Thallus, washed), Hai Dai (Eckloniae Stipes), Hai Piao Xiao (Sepiae Endoconcha), Hai Fen (Concha Meretricis et Cyprinae Pulvis, levigated), Hai Luo (Concha Haliotidis, quenched in vinegar), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, a small amount).
For these herbs, select the shell based on neck mobility: use long shells for those whose necks move freely, and round shells for those with limited neck mobility. Grind equal parts of the selected shells into powder. Form pills with refined honey. At bedtime, hold one pill in the mouth to dissolve slowly. Its efficacy is indescribable.

[A divine formula for tying off tumors, also effective for Shu Nai Zhi (rat-nipple hemorrhoids) and similar growths]
Take Yuan Hua Gen (Genkwa Flos root), wash it clean while keeping it moist. Do not let it touch iron; crush it in wooden or stone vessels to extract the juice. Soak a thread in the juice for half a day or overnight. Tie the thread around the tumor. After one night, the tumor will fall off. If it does not, replace the thread and tie again. It will fall off naturally within no more than three attempts. Afterwards, mix Long Gu (Os Draconis), He Zi (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus), and Chi Shi Zhi (Halloysit Rubrum) in equal parts, grind into powder, and apply to the wound to promote healing. If Yuan Hua Gen is unavailable, soak Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flos) in water, dip the thread, and tie it around Shu Nai Zhi (rat-nipple hemorrhoid) following the same method. It will be effective in every case.

[A secret recipe for washing tumors]
Use Qi Zhi Cao (Chrysanthemi Indici Flos, also known as Jin Feng Hua) in sufficient quantity. Decoct in water and wash the affected area frequently. Use fresh herbs in summer, and dried herbs in spring, autumn, and winter.

[A verified formula for treating goiter]
Chen Xiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum), Ru Xiang (Olibanum), Ding Xiang (Caryophylli Flos), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Huo Xiang (Pogostemonis Herba, each 1.5 qian).
Combine these herbs with seven eyes from a sow slaughtered in the twelfth lunar month. Decoct in wine for the duration of three incense sticks. Leave exposed to the air overnight. Dry the herbs together over heat, grind into powder, and form pills with refined honey the size of Ginkgo nuts. Hold one pill in the mouth to dissolve before sleep. Effective.

[A formula for sudden cyst formation under the neck that threatens to become goiter]
Take 1 jin of Zao Hai (Sargassum Herba), wash to remove saltiness, soak in wine, and drink. Add equal amounts of Kun Bu (Laminariae Thallus), grind into powder, form pills with refined honey the size of apricot kernels. Hold in the mouth and swallow slowly.

[A formula for resolving goiter and dissipating masses]
[Shenxiao Kaijie San (Divinely Effective Knot-Opening Powder)]
Chen Xiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix, each 1 qian), Ju Hong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 4 liang), Zhen Zhu (Margarita, 49 grains, placed in a clay pot, sealed with salt mud, taken out and dried), Zhu Ye Zi Rou (Carnea Vesicae Uterinae Porcinae, 49 pieces, from piglets, located at the neck, size of dates).
Grind all ingredients into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with wine before sleep, and swallow slowly. Mild cases resolve in 3–5 doses; severe cases resolve with one dose. Avoid sour, salty, greasy, and Qi-stagnating foods. This preparation must be compounded on the last day of the lunar month in a clean room.