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Often caused by a prior history of consumptive disease (lao bing). After the severe condition persists for a long time, deficient fire rises, and Ying blood (nutritive blood) is already depleted. At this point, dense red spots appear on the throat and hard palate, resembling marks left by mosquito bites. This indicates a critical condition approaching death; it should not be treated.

In its initial stage, Ya Cao Feng (Alveolar Pyorrhea/Gum Inflammation) first presents with incessant toothache, followed by swelling of the gingival tissue, which turns purplish-black or bleeds. If prolonged, the tissue undergoes putrefaction.
Ya Lou (Gum Fistula) refers to the aforementioned condition persisting without cure, where white pus exudes from the interdental spaces. It is extremely difficult to manage therapeutically. In severe cases, teeth fall out. If the upper left central incisor falls out, the condition is incurable. Both of the above conditions belong to Stomach Fire combined with Kidney Yin Deficiency.

Another name is Ya Qi Feng (Gum Hyperplasia). Initially, a small lump appears on the gum tissue at the root of the tooth, located either superiorly or inferiorly, internally or externally. The lesion is high and hard. Ya Yong (Gum Abscess), Ya Gan (Gum Ulceration), and Ya Jun (Gum Polyp) are three diseases that are largely similar with minor differences, and their treatment methods are not difficult.

When located at the posterior end of the gums near the bite area, it prevents the teeth from opening, resulting in trismus (lockjaw). Although the onset is severe, even worsening at night, it is not difficult to treat and does not necessarily threaten life.

This belongs to Stomach Fire. The lesion is bean-sized, with an unpredictable location, appearing either internally or externally.

Bleeding from the interdental spaces involves the Spleen in the upper aspect and the Stomach in the lower aspect, caused by excess fire attacking upward. There are also cases where deficiency fire moves due to Stomach deficiency, corroding the tooth roots, leading to continuous oozing of pale blood.

Located at the tooth root, the appearance is purplish-black and uneven, resembling a mushroom. This is caused by excessive heat and blood heat, compounded by Qi stagnation.

It begins with three days of toothache accompanied by chills and fever, followed by unbearable pain and purple patches on the tooth roots. Chuan Ya Du (Penetrating Periodontal Infection) refers to the aforementioned condition: if unbroken in the initial stage, it is called Ding (Malignant Carbuncle); if broken, it is called Chuan Ya Du. Red-colored lesions are treatable, while blue/purple ones are not. Ding Du (Carbuncle Toxin) is similar to Ya Cao Feng and Ya Lou, and the treatment methods are also comparable.

Sometimes, after fetal toxin or smallpox toxin, the gums rot and become Gan (Noma/Cancrum Oris), killing most rapidly. If red spots appear on the nasal bridge, it is incurable. The color resembles dried sauce; it rots one fen (approx. 3-4mm) per day and one cun (approx. 3cm) per two days. Hence it is named "Zou Ma" (Running Horse) to metaphorically describe the speed of progression. Patients with teeth will lose all of them before dying. The upper left central incisor is considered the master of the teeth; once this tooth falls out, the rest follow. If this tooth does not fall out, even if other teeth fall out, treatment may still be possible. Pediatric Zou Ma Gan (Noma) and adult Ya Cao Feng are both assessed using this prognostic method.