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(Suggestion to remove the character "Jing")

The term "Jing Feng" (Convulsive Disorder with Startle) has been a perplexing enigma for millennia. Yu Jia Yan attempted to break through this barrier between life and death, yet it proved difficult. Since this nomenclature existed previously, later generations dared not overturn established precedents. Instead, they merely imitated "Jing Feng," resulting in deviations that grew wider with each imitation and obscurity that deepened with each discussion. This reality stems from the imprudence of Qian Yi (courtesy name Zhongyang) in establishing this name. In his time, he may have encountered infants suffering from Taiyang disease (Disease of the Bladder and Small Intestine channels) presenting with spasms, suddenly exhibiting opisthotonos (backward arching of the body) and convulsions, thus coincidentally coining the name "Jing Feng." This is akin to terms like Jing Ji (Palpitations due to Fright), Jing Ti (Frightened Tremors), and Jing Huang (Panic) in internal medicine; initially, there was no intention to establish these two characters as a legalistic standard for future generations. However, his disciples failed to inherit and expound upon them correctly, leading to the interpretation of "Jing" as fright/startle and "Feng" as a variation of "Jing." Observing pediatric texts, where any bluish discoloration attributed to Wind is also called Jing, confirms this error. This fallacy assumes that all pediatric diseases arise from startle generating wind. It erroneously classifies the exterior syndrome of Shang Han (Cold Damage) without sweat as Ji Jing (Acute Convulsion), the muscle-releasing syndrome of Shang Feng (Wind Strike) with spontaneous sweating as Man Jing (Chronic Convulsion), and the critical syndrome of Spleen failure and Stomach exhaustion as Man Pi (Chronic Spleen). It arbitrarily creates various names for different types of Jing, confusing later generations, offering no practical benefit to treatment. Subsequent physicians followed this method, elaborating extensively, but merely drifting with the tide, guessing and imitating, lacking theoretical substance to convince others. Thus, a single erroneous character by Zhongyang caused such severe harm to posterity.

Regarding the naming of syndromes based on manifestations, the errors are even more egregious. For instance, when an infant suffers from Shang Han disease with spasms, external signs include stiffness of the head and neck, opisthotonos, and upward deviation of the eyes. This corresponds to the *Jin Gui Yao Lue* description of "able to look up but not down," belonging to the Taiyang channel, yet it is termed Tian Diao Jing (Heaven-Hanging Convulsion). Downward gazing corresponds to the *Jin Gui* description of neck stiffness (sound 'shu') and Hai Zang's description of looking down, belonging to the combined disease of Yangming and Taiyang, yet it is termed Kan Di Jing (Earth-Gazing Convulsion). Jerking of both legs, described by Hai Zang as elbows and knees meeting, belonging to Yangming, is termed Ma Ti Jing (Horse-Hoof Convulsion). Pulling of both hands, described by Hai Zang as left-and-right convulsions, belonging to Shaoyang, is termed Wan Gong Jing (Bow-Bending Convulsion). If Shang Han spasms are mistakenly treated with Jing medicines, consuming body fluids and damaging sinews, leading to fixed flexion of the hands, this is already an incurable condition, yet it is still called Ying Zhao Jing (Eagle-Claw Convulsion). If deficiency syndromes are subjected to aggressive purging, causing Spleen failure and Stomach extinction, with limbs flaccidly dragging and imminent death, it is still called Sa Shou Jing (Hand-Slipping Convulsion). Regarding cold abdominal pain with bluish face, puckered mouth, and foaming at the mouth, it is called Ji Yu Jing (Carper Convulsion); Spleen deficiency generating heat with tight tongue meridians and frequent tongue licking is called She Si Jing (Snake-Thread Convulsion); Ascaris penetrating the diaphragm causing a scream followed by unconsciousness is called Wu Ya Jing (Crow Convulsion); fever in sick children, which is common, is called Chao Re Jing (Tidal Fever Convulsion); food stagnation causing chest and abdominal fullness is called Peng Zhang Jing (Distension Convulsion). There are many more illogical names that cannot be enumerated.

All the above syndromes have clear distinctions of interior/exterior and cold/heat, with evident symptoms. Yet these practitioners do not investigate the disease origin, arbitrarily creating names and labeling everything with "Jing." If someone suffers from Yangming interior excess and climbs walls or roofs, would it be named Fei Tian Jing (Flying Heaven Convulsion)? If extreme Yin cold causes restlessness and a desire to lie in mud, would it be named Pi Di Jing (Striking Earth Convulsion)? If Shaoyin disease causes drowsiness and lethargy, would it be named Ke Shui Jing (Dozing Convulsion)? If Middle Xiao (Middle Jiao Wasting-Thirst) causes insatiable eating, would it be named Tao Tie Convulsion? These are absurd and vulgar; even servants would not utter such words, yet physicians write them openly in books. Later generations see these as "Jing" syndromes and "Jing" pulse patterns, copying each other, one倡 hundred echoing, believing they strictly follow ancient methods. Who would disagree? They fail to realize that while diagnosis can be forced, treatment must not be fabricated. For example, Shang Han spasms result from the combination of Wind, Cold, and Dampness pathogens affecting the Taiyang, Yangming, and Shaoyang channels. This differs from Heart Fright, Liver Wind, Spleen Phlegm, Lung Heat, or Wind striking cattle and horses. Treating this with Jing-Fang methods causes innocent Heart, Liver, Spleen, and Lungs to suffer unjustly, while the external Wind-Cold-Damp pathogens remain as solid as a rock. How can this be acceptable?

I wished to correct these errors and remove "Jing Feng," fearing endless repercussions. I considered replacing it with "Jing" (Spasm) or "Chu" (Twitching), but worried it might not suit popular usage. Recalling that pediatrics names Jing based on twitching and jerking, I now propose using "Chu" to replace "Jing," discarding the harmful "Jing" and removing the vague "Feng," collectively naming it "Chu." This avoids shock while preserving the essence of Spasm. I will further categorize the stubborn cases of Ji Jing, Man Jing, and Man Pi into three categories: Wu Chu (Mistaken Twitching), Lei Chu (Resembling Twitching), and Fei Chu (Not Twitching), serving as a life-saving raft to guide drowning patients safely to recovery.

What is Wu Chu? It is most common in children with Shang Han. Due to improper medical treatment suppressing exterior pathogens without allowing their release, high fever persists, transforming into spasm with convulsions and opisthotonos. Note that this syndrome is caused by Wind, Cold, and Dampness. Although there is fever, it remains an exterior pathogen, distinct from Fire-Heat. It aligns perfectly with the *Nei Jing* principles: "All spasms and neck stiffness belong to Wind"; "All wind-induced tremors and vertigo belong to Wind"; "All cold-induced contraction belongs to Cold." Therefore, Wind and Cold spasms are extracted and placed under Wu Chu, ensuring clinicians recognize Shang Han spasms and avoid the harm of opening orifices and sedating fright.

What is Lei Chu? It refers to conditions like Summerheat, Malaria, Dysentery, Cough, Erysipelas, Sores/Pox, Cholera, Guest Qi invasion, and Evil Penetration. These have obvious symptoms; once identified, a single remedy suffices. Why would they cause twitching? Because physicians delay treatment or suppress pathogens preventing their expulsion, occasionally leading to twitching. The twitching is not inherent, hence "Lei Chu" (Resembling Twitching). Note that these syndromes are mostly caused by Fire-Heat, not Wind-Cold. Only cough and malaria mildly involve exterior pathogens, requiring careful examination. Following the *Nei Jing* principle "All heat-induced confusion and twitching belong to Fire," ten specific items are grouped under Lei Chu, annotated per syndrome, and treated according to their primary nature to avoid the error of stopping wind and settling convulsions.

What is Fei Chu? It refers to children with severe vomiting and diarrhea, or post-prolonged illness, presenting with Spleen failure, Stomach extinction, lethargy with exposed eyes, and wandering deficiency phlegm. This is a critical exhaustion syndrome, yet pediatrics labels it Man Pi Feng (Chronic Spleen Wind). Additionally, syndromes of sudden great fright and terror causing dispersion of Soul and Spirit are labeled Ji Jing Feng (Acute Convulsion). Not realizing that these two syndromes determine life and death in a breath, how dare they call them Jing Feng? Emulating Li Dong Yuan's concept of "Non-Wind," I name them Fei Chu, so later generations know these are entirely non-wind/twitching syndromes, keeping wind-treating and convulsion-stopping methods far away, thereby preserving exhausted bodies and preventing innocent premature death.

These three categories analyze each syndrome clearly. All prescribed formulas strictly follow classic principles, daring not to deviate. This ensures no pediatric syndrome is overlooked, and the terms "Jing Feng" will naturally fade without being explicitly banned. The barrier between human and ghost will not only be broken but transformed into a realm of jade towers and palaces.

Zhou Xuzhong commented: "His arguments are grand and eloquent, refuting all previous theories on Jing so thoroughly that critics have no room to interject. Truly satisfying!"