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General Overview: Convulsive epilepsy (Jing Xian) is divided into Yin and Yang syndromes; fetal epilepsy (Tai Xian), manic epilepsy (Kuang Xian), and those caused by "six livestock" pathogens or food retention are also included. When phlegm turbidity obstructs the uterine collaterals causing mental disorder, Zhian Bao Shen Zhuang Zhi Tang (Calm Spirit Treasure Protecting Ambitious Decoction) can be used.

Pulse Diagnosis: A wiry pulse indicates Wind Epilepsy (Feng Xian); a floating pulse indicates Yang Epilepsy; a deep pulse indicates Yin Epilepsy.
For mania and epilepsy, if the pulse is deficient, it is treatable; if the pulse is excess, it indicates death. Additionally, a tight pulse in children indicates Wind Epilepsy, as does a pulse resembling a sparrow pecking. Wind Epilepsy is also said to result from convulsions occurring three times. If the pulse pattern at the Tiger's Mouth (Hukou) resembles a bow curving outward, it indicates Phlegm-Heat, complicated by fright or food stagnation, manifesting as restless sleep, which are symptoms of Wind Epilepsy.
The *Nei Jing* states: Jue of the Greater Yang (Ju Yang) leads to head swelling and heaviness, inability to walk, and sudden collapse (Pu). This is due to rebellious Qi, causing sudden unconsciousness. However, sudden collapse with loss of consciousness that resolves upon the return of Qi belongs to the category of Epilepsy. Children suffer from wind pathogens, are startled by strange objects, have irregular feeding, leading to pathogen stagnation in the collaterals, thus forming epilepsy. Symptoms include depressed spirit, staring eyes, facial muscle traction, locked jaw with drooling, abdominal tension, hand and foot spasms, appearing alive yet dead, sometimes vocalizing and sometimes silent, sometimes opisthotonos (neck and back arching), or stiff waist and spine, but with soft limbs; waking up intermittently after attacks characterizes Epilepsy. If the whole body is stiff and unconscious for a day, it is Spasm (Jing). The so-called "Six Livestock Epilepsy" is caused by wind-phlegm blocking the throat, resulting in specific sounds; this is clearly understood, and the name "Six Livestock" is merely a forced designation.
There are also Five Epilepsies related to the five Zang organs. One should observe the colors of the five Zang organs and their corresponding symptoms to understand them mentally. Generally, they are treated according to Fright, Wind, and Food categories.
Fright Epilepsy: Caused by shock, fear, or accumulated fright from falls. Initially, there is screaming like a dog bark, and a trance-like state with lost soul.
Wind Epilepsy: Occurs when pores open due to sweating, allowing wind pathogens to enter via deficiency. Initially, fingers flex and extend as if counting, indicating heat generating wind.
Food Epilepsy: Occurs when fright happens during eating, causing food stagnation. Initially, there is vomiting of milk, refusal to feed, sour-smelling stool, formation of milk lumps, and initial chills followed by fever.
There are also Yin and Yang distinctions. Yang syndrome features a floating pulse, lustrous complexion, disease in the six Fu organs, body heat, spasms, and crying; it is easy to treat. Yin syndrome features a deep pulse, dull complexion, disease in the five Zang organs, no body heat, cold hands and feet, and absence of spasms or crying; it is difficult to treat. Some consider supine position as Yang and prone position as Yin for verification. Generally, Yang syndromes should not use warming methods, and Yin syndromes should not use cooling methods.
Manic Epilepsy (Kuang Xian) also belongs to Yang syndrome. The *Nan Jing* states: Excess Yang leads to mania. In late summer, when children first develop the condition, they speak nonsense, refuse food but sing, and severely may climb walls or roofs, discard clothes, and run. They may remain unconscious for one or two days before waking. It initially stems from exposure to heat and wind, with internal accumulation of wind-heat. Over time, wind-phlegm becomes congested and confuses the heart orifice. Since the Heart is the residence of the Spirit, when attacked by evil heat, the Spirit loses its hold and becomes chaotic, named Manic Epilepsy. Treatment should involve dispersing wind and resolving heat, clearing the Heart and soothing the Liver, and calming the Heart to resolve phlegm.
Epilepsy arises because the Spirit Qi is not solid; fright causes the Spirit to lose its residence. Or, irregular diet damages the Spleen and Stomach, accumulating into phlegm-fluids, which confuse the Heart orifice. Treatment should target Fire and Phlegm, suitable for administering agents that calm fright and clear the Heart. If phlegm-saliva is tenacious, these drugs cannot expel it. For pathology in the upper jiao, induce vomiting; after vomiting, use the aforementioned drugs. For phlegm firmly rooted in the interior, purgation is also required.

Supplementary Notes:
Epilepsy involves dizziness. If phlegm is between the diaphragm, dizziness is mild without falling; if phlegm overflows above the diaphragm, dizziness is severe, causing collapse on the ground and unconsciousness, named Epilepsy. Xu Sibai stated: Adults call it Dian, children call it Xian; it is the same disease. The difference in Xian is that sounds are made during attacks, saliva is vomited upon waking, and it recurs after waking, stopping and starting intermittently.
The *Nei Jing* states: Congenital epilepsy is called Fetal Disease. This occurs when the mother experiences great fright in the womb, causing Qi to rise and not descend, accumulating and residing together, thus causing the child to be startled and develop epileptic disease.
Also, the *Nei Jing* states: Spring pulses correspond to the Liver. Excessive spring pulse indicates external disease, irritability, sudden dizziness and fainting, and epileptic fits. A pulse coming wiry, excess, and strong indicates excess; severely, it manifests as irritability, dizziness, fainting, and epileptic fits.

[Attached Formulas]
Formula for Active Fetal Epilepsy: Tian Jiang Zi, Tian Ma, Scorpion Tail, Fang Feng, Chen Sha, She Xiang. Grind into powder, mix with milk, and administer.
Formula to Calm the Spirit: Shi Chang Pu, Shi Gao, Xi Jiao, Ren Shen, Yuan Zhi, Fu Ling, Bai Su Zi, Gan Cao.
Formula to Disperse Heat, Release Exterior, and Clear/Drain: Du Huo, Qiang Huo, Tian Ma, Ren Shen, Jing Jie, Fang Feng, Chuan Xiong, Gan Cao.
Hua Feng Dan (Treats locked jaw, body arching, straight eyes, drooling): Ren Shen, Nan Xing, Tian Ma, Qiang Huo, Du Huo, Fang Feng, Chuan Xiong, Jing Jie, Gan Cao.
Tie Fen Wan (Treats unpredictable epilepsy, drooling, chest oppression): Long Chi, Qing Fen, Tian Ma, Nan Xing, Mo Yao, Niu Huang, She Xiang.
Zhu Dan Nan Xing San: Use only Nan Xing, wrap in wet paper and roast until cooked, grind into powder, mix with bile from a male pig, and take continuously.
Niu Huang Gao: Nan Xing, Quan Xie, Chan Tui, Jiang Can, Tian Ma, Bai Fu Zi, Fang Feng, She Xiang.
Zhen Xin Dan: Take 5 qian of Chen Sha, grind into fine powder, mix evenly with pig heart blood, wrap in steamed dough cake, steam until cooked, remove and make into pills the size of tung seeds. Take 10 pills each time, administered before bed.