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Constipation and Urinary Retention
Infants and young children often suffer from internal heat generated by the stagnation of milk and food, which accumulates in the intestines and stomach, leading to constipation and urinary retention. The manifestations include thirst, dry tongue, red lips, and a red face. Internal heat accumulation causes urinary obstruction, with fullness and urgency in the lower abdomen. Ba Zheng San (Eight-Positive Powder) is the primary formula for treatment.
For constipation due to food stagnation accompanied by abdominal distension and pain, Shen Xiong Wan (Shenxiong Pill) is used as the main formula.

Sinking Anus Due to Qi Deficiency
The condition of prolapsed anus results from prolonged diarrhea or dysentery causing sinking of middle Qi, leading to thinning and weakening of the intestines and stomach, and laxity of the anal sphincter unable to retract. Clinical signs include a bluish-yellow complexion, cold fingertips, deep and fine pulse, and pale lips. First, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) is used to raise and lift the Qi; subsequently, Zhen Ren Yang Zang Tang (True Man's Nourish Viscera Decoction) is employed to warm-tonify and secure against slipping. External application of Se Chang San (Intestine-Astringing Powder) facilitates natural retraction of the anus.

Anal Swelling and Prolapse
Excessive accumulated heat in infants causes swelling of the anus and difficulty in defecation. Straining during bowel movements leads to anal prolapse that cannot be reduced. External application of Pan Long San (Coiling Dragon Powder) reduces swelling. Internally, Zao Ci Da Huang Tang (Cantharis and Rhubarb Decoction) is taken orally; once the swelling subsides, the anus naturally retracts.

Turtle Chest
Improper diet in infants leads to abundant phlegm-heat, compounded by wind-pathogen invasion. Wind and heat interact, causing distension in the Lung meridian and attacking the chest and diaphragm. The chest becomes elevated like a cup, resembling the shape of a turtle. Manifestations include coarse breathing, rapid panting, coughing, and emaciation. Treatment focuses on clearing the Lungs and resolving phlegm. First, Kuan Qi Yin (Qi-Widening Drink) is used to open the airways, followed by Bai He Dan (Lily Bulb Pill) to remove stagnant Qi, adjusted according to the specific situation.

Turtle Back
Infants who sit too early are exposed to external wind-cold invading the spine, resulting in kyphosis with a humped back resembling a turtle, often becoming a lifelong chronic ailment. Internally, Song Rui Dan (Pine Pollen Pill) is taken for gradual regulation. Externally, Sheng Hui Moxibustion Method is applied to three acupoints: Fei Shu (BL13), Xin Shu (BL15), and Ge Shu (BL17), three to five moxa cones each. Alternatively, applying turtle urine to the joints can also yield effective results.

Five Flaccidities
Flaccidity of the head and neck, hands and feet, mouth, and muscles constitutes the "Five Flaccidities." This arises from congenital insufficiency and lack of Qi and Blood, leading to weak bones and meridians and atrophic muscles. First, Bu Shen Di Huang Wan (Kidney-Tonifying Rehmannia Pill) is used to tonify congenital essence and Qi. Subsequently, Fu Yuan San (Support the Origin Powder) is given to strengthen postnatal weakness. Gradual postnatal nourishment is key.

Five Stiffnesses
Stiffness of the limbs occurs when Yang Qi fails to circulate to the four extremities. Manifestations include opisthotonos (head bent backward) to facilitate breathing, inability to move or turn, rigid and stiff hands and feet feeling cold as ice, Qi congestion in the chest and diaphragm, and radiating pain. This is the most difficult to treat. For severe cases, Xiao Xu Ming Tang (Minor Continuation of Life Decoction) effectively disperses wind. For mild cases, Wu Yao Shun Qi San (Aucklandia Qi-Regulating Powder) regulates Qi effectively. If Liver Wood overacts on Spleen, causing poor appetite and Qi deficiency, Jia Liu Jun Zi Tang (Modified Six Gentlemen Decoction) is used for combined internal and external treatment, yielding miraculous results.

Five Delays
Infants often suffer from congenital deficits due to their parents' weak Qi and Blood, resulting in weak bones and sinews after birth, difficulty walking even short distances, delayed tooth eruption, sparse and thin hair, unstable sitting posture, and delayed speech. Jia Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Modified Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) nourishes the Blood, followed by Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang to regulate Qi. In cases where fright pathogens invade Heart Qi, causing inability to speak by age four or five, Chang Pu Wan (Acorus Pill) is most effective. Additionally, the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian manifests in the hair; if Kidney Blood is deficient and fails to nourish the hair upwards, hair growth is delayed, treated with Ju Sheng Dan (Sesame Seed Pill).

Crural Spindles (Rickets-like Condition)
Insufficient congenital endowment leads to muscle wasting and prominent joints, with exposed knees resembling those of a crane. This is often due to Kidney deficiency making it difficult to generate marrow essence, and lack of Qi and Blood nourishment causing tendon contraction. Wind-phlegm accumulates in the knees, causing frequent pain. Da Fang Feng Tang (Major Saposhnikovia Decoction) should be administered first, followed by Bu Shen Di Huang Wan without delay.

Open Fontanelle (Delayed Cranial Closure)
In infants with open fontanelle, the fontanelle is large and cranial sutures fail to close, a pitiable condition. The Kidneys generate marrow, and the brain is the sea of marrow. Kidney Qi deficiency leads to dryness of brain marrow. Manifestations include sallow-white complexion, emaciation, prominent whites of the eyes, mental distress, and infrequent smiling. First, Bu Shen Di Huang Wan is taken to nourish Yin; then Yang is tonified using Fu Yuan San as a priority. Feng Xin San (Fontanelle-Sealing Powder) is also highly effective; applied topically temporarily, it ensures safety.

Sunken Fontanelle
Internal heat in infant organs causes excessive thirst and drinking, leading to diarrhea and dysentery. Prolonged illness damages Spleen Qi, causing Cold and deficiency, preventing upward nourishment of brain marrow, resulting in a sunken fontanelle. Signs include bluish-yellow complexion, cool limbs, deep and slow pulses, and listless spirit. First, Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang lifts the Qi, followed by Gu Zhen Tang (Secure Truth Decoction), which yields remarkable results. External application of Wu Fu Gao (Aconite and Cyathula Ointment) warms the center and regulates the Spleen, offering infinite benefits.

Protruding Fontanelle
A protruding fontanelle is caused by unregulated breastfeeding or invasion of Cold/Heat pathogens into the Spleen meridian, disrupting organ function and causing Qi to rush upward, resulting in swelling and bulging. Differentiation between excess and deficiency is crucial. Signs include withered hair, frequent sweating, high chest with rapid breathing, and red lips. If Liver Qi is exuberant, Xie Qing Wan (Drain Green Pill) is most effective. For interior heat, Da Lian Qiao Yin (Large Forsythia Drink) is suitable. For exterior conditions, Fang Feng Sheng Ma Tang (Saposhnikovia and Cimicifuga Decoction) is used. For conditions that are neither cold nor hot (Yin pattern), Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Center Decoction) is applicable.

Zhong E (Sudden Collapse due to Evil Influence)
Infants have not yet fully developed their Shen (Spirit). Upon contact with evil influences, they lose self-control, leading to separation of Soul and Spirit. Symptoms include closed eyes, cyanotic face, palpitations, confusion, and unconsciousness. Internally, Su He Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill) dispels evil. Externally, powder of Gleditsia Sinensis (Zao Jiao) is used to open blockages. Inducing sneezing yields miraculous efficacy.