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Quan Ying Lun states: Hematemesis (vomiting blood) is caused by the rebellion of Ying and Wei Qi. Ying Qi refers to Blood, while Wei Qi refers to Qi. When Ying and Wei coordinate with each other without deviating from the normal pathway, if one side becomes excessive, it leads to the reckless movement of Blood. It is like opening a channel for water; if the breach is on the east, it flows east; if on the west, it flows west. This is the Qi driving the Blood, and its momentum is thus. Chao Yuanfang stated: The reason for reckless bleeding is that Heat Qi is abundant while Blood is deficient. Heat pathogen invades the Blood; since Blood nature tends to flow and scatter when heated, it moves recklessly. When Qi rebels, Blood follows Qi upward, thus causing hematemesis. Alternatively, after overeating, the Spleen and Stomach become internally cold and fail to digest food. Suddenly vomiting the ingested food causes Qi and Blood to clash, thereby injuring the Lung and Stomach, also leading to hematemesis. If chronic coughing leads to Qi rebellion, accompanied by facial and ocular edema and coughing up blood, this is a deficiency-consumption syndrome.

Epistaxis (nosebleed) is caused by heat accumulation in the Five Zang organs. Blood flows with Qi, circulating freely through the Zang organs. If Cold and Heat are harmonized and do not deviate from the norm, there will be no stagnation or overflow. Blood coagulates when exposed to Cold and flows/scatters when exposed to Heat. When Heat pathogen attacks the Blood, Blood follows the movement of Qi and overflows from the nasal orifice. There are also cases due to Taiyang disease or plague affecting the Yang meridians, where sweat is not induced, Heat injures the Five Zang organs, and consequently, blood issues forth.

Hematochezia (blood in stool) is caused by heat accumulation and injury in the Large Intestine. Once the organ Qi is damaged, Wind pathogen naturally enters. Or, accumulated Heat, accumulated Cold, or Damp-Toxin may reside in the Spleen and Stomach, or malnutrition (Gan syndrome) may damage the Zang organs. Consequently, Cold and Heat intermingle, and Gan-Dampness interacts, causing the blood-moving Qi to remain inside, stagnating without a proper destination, seeping into the intestines, thus resulting in hematochezia. Abdominal distension with internal Cold Qi attacking and rushing can also cause hematochezia. Furthermore, Wind-Cold invading the Spleen and Stomach due to deficiency, or blood stasis in the intestines and stomach, or Damp-Toxin flowing downward resembling bean curd residue, or Gan injury to the Zang organs can also lead to blood in the stool. If Heat accumulates in the Upper Jiao (Heart and Lung) and transmits to the Large Intestine, it also causes hematochezia. After significant blood loss, Spleen weakness inevitably leads to thirst. Over time, Blood deficiency results in emaciated and yellowish skin and blackened hair loss.

Hematuria (blood in urine) occurs because the Heart governs Blood and pairs with the Small Intestine. Blood circulates throughout the meridians and Zang organs. If Heat gathers in the Bladder, Blood seeps into the bladder sac (Pao), thus causing blood to appear in the urine.

Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction): Treats pediatric epistaxis, hematemesis, and lower bleeding.
Take Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), grind into powder, and make pills with refined honey the size of chicken heads. For three-year-olds, administer one pill per dose, taken down with strong salt water.
Another method: Grind Cacumen Platycladi (Baiye) and Pomegranate Flower (Shiliuhua) into powder and insufflate into the nose to treat epistaxis and hematemesis.
One formula: Use the end of pottery jars from Dingzhou (Wengqi Mo) to treat hematemesis, broken blood, and stop bleeding.

Baizhi Yin (Cacumen Platycladi Drink): Treats pediatric epistaxis and hematemesis.
Dried Cacumen Platycladi (Baizhi) and dried Rhizoma Nymphaeae (Oujie).
Grind equal parts into powder. For three-year-olds, administer half a qian per dose. Mix with lotus root juice and honey, then stir with boiling water.
Another formula: Grind Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishaoyao) into powder and mix with ground Rhinocerotis Cornu (Xijiao) juice to treat hemoptysis and epistaxis.

Longdan Wan (Gentian Pills): Treats persistent pediatric epistaxis.
Radix Coptidis (Huanglian) and Radix Gentianae Longdancao (Longdancao).
Grind equal parts into powder, bind with rice paste into pills the size of small beans. For three-year-olds, administer thirty pills per dose. Alternatively, prepare as a powder and take down with strong salt water.

Bapi Tang (Cacumen Platycladi Decoction): Treats pediatric epistaxis.
Cortex Platycladi (Bapi, 1 liang), Fructus Gardeniae (Zhizi, 1 liang), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, roasted, 0.5 liang).
Cut the herbs. For three-year-olds, administer one qian per dose. Add one zhan of water, decoct until reduced to one-third, strain, and drink.
One formula: Pick leaves of Jasminum polyanthum (Jinhua Ye), dry in shade, and decoct with water.
One formula: Grind Rhizoma Bletillae (Baiji) into powder, mix with water, apply to the upper nose bridge and fontanelle to stop bleeding immediately.

Chenjiao San (Cinnabar and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder): Treats pediatric hematemesis.
Colla Corii Asini (Ejiao, fried), Calx Testudinis et Carapacis (Ge Fen, equal parts), and Cinabrium (Chensha, a small amount).
Grind into powder, mix to form a pink color. For three-year-olds, administer one qian per dose. Mix with lotus root juice and honey.

Jiaohuang San (Gelatin and Scutellaria Powder): Treats severe pediatric epistaxis with continuous bleeding from mouth, nose, and ears. Children aged fifteen or sixteen often suffer from this due to excess Yang.
Colla Corii Asini (Ejiao, 1 liang), Spora Typhae (Puhuang, 0.5 liang).
Grind into powder. For three-year-olds, administer half a qian per dose. Mix with fresh Radix Rehmanniae (Sheng Dihuang) juice, slightly warm, and take before meals.

Wubei Wan (Chinese Gall Pills): Treats pediatric hematochezia resembling Changfeng (intestinal wind) or Zangdu (visceral toxin).
Dry Chinese Gall (Wubeizi), grind into powder, and make pills with refined honey the size of small beans. For three-year-olds, administer thirty pills per dose, taken on an empty stomach with rice soup.

Hehui San (Areca Seed Ash Powder): Treats pediatric hematochezia due to Gan syndrome.
Burn Arecae Semen (Hezi) to ash but retain its properties. Take half, grind into powder, mix with rice soup, and take before meals. For three-year-olds, administer one qian per dose.

Taojiao Wan (Peach Gum Pills): Treats pediatric hematuria with pain in the penis.
Take a piece of Peach Gum (Taojiao) the size of a jujube. Add one and a half zhan of water, decoct until reduced to one-third. Take three times daily. Stop medication once stone-like particles, the size of beans, are expelled.

Huofu San (Fire Mansion Powder): Treats pediatric hematuria.
Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (Sheng Dihuang - *Note: Text says Sheng Dihuang*), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao), and Radix Scutellariae (Huangqin).
Grind into powder. Add one zhan of water, decoct until reduced to six-tenths. Take warm occasionally.