〔汤〕哺露者，因乳哺不消，脾胃衰弱，渐不能食，血气减损，肌肉不荣，柴骨
羸露，吸吸苦热，谓之哺露也。宜麝香进食丸（方见积癖）。
〔曾〕哺露者，亦由乳哺不节，损于脾胃，脾胃损而饮食减，形容羸瘦，则脏腑
之气不能宣通，时间有热，谓之哺露。此候与丁奚相去不远，但食多吐逆，脏气虚，
冷而泄泻无度，粪中有虫，治法同前丁奚证药，惟加养脏汤服之（方见赤白痢）。
《圣惠》人参丸 治小儿哺露，失衣当风，湿冷水浴，苦腹大，时痢，或寒热如疟，
不欲食，纵食，不生肌肉，或不消化，四肢羸瘦。
人参 麦门冬（去心，焙） 半夏（汤洗七遍，去滑） 黄 川大黄（微炒） 白茯苓 柴胡 黄
芩（各三分） 诃梨勒（煨，用皮） 甘草（炙微赤，锉） 鳖甲（涂醋，炙令黄，去裙 。各一两） 芎 （半两）
上件药捣，罗为末，炼蜜丸如麻子大。一二岁儿以粥饮下三丸，四五岁五丸，
日三服，量大小加减。
《伤寒论》人病有宿食，何以别之。师曰∶寸口脉浮而大，按之反涩，故知有宿
食，当下之，宜大承气汤（伤寒）。然同一发热，而伤食者惟肚腹之热为甚，且粪极酸臭，
夜间潮热，尤伤积之明验也。小儿宿食不消者，胃纳水谷而脾化之，儿幼不知撙节
胃之所纳，脾气不足以胜之，故不消也。神曲、麦芽之属，皆腐化之物，昔肾已
谓能伤胃中生发之气矣，况进而三棱、莪术乎，况又进而牵牛、大黄、巴豆乎，脾
气一受伤于食，再受伤于药，至于下之，而气已一脱矣，所存几何，故夫克食之药
不可多用，下积之药，尤不可不审其证之可下与不得不下，而后用也。钱氏论食不
消，脾胃冷故不能消化，当补脾益黄散主之。
保和丸 治饮食停滞，胸膈痞满，嗳气吞酸，或吐泻腹痛。（加白术一两即大安丸）
神曲（炒） 山楂 半夏 茯苓（各一两） 陈皮 连翘 萝卜子（炒，五钱）
上为末，粥丸桐子大。每服三十丸，白汤送下。
愚按∶前方，行气克滞之剂，若元气无亏，暴停乳食而致斯证者，宜用此消
导之。若元气虚弱而乳食所伤者，必调补胃气为主，而佐以消导。若乳食已消而
作呕者，乃胃气被伤，当用异功散补之。不宜仍用前药，重损胃气，治者审之。
木香大安丸
木香（二钱） 黄连 陈皮 白术（各三钱） 枳实 山楂肉 莱菔子（炒） 连翘 神曲（炒） 麦 （炒） 砂
仁（各一钱半）
上为末，神曲糊为丸。陈廪米汤下。
消食丸（又名消乳丸） 治宿食不消。
砂仁 陈皮（炒） 三棱（炒） 神曲（炒） 麦芽（炒。各半两） 香附（炒，一两）
上末，曲糊丸如麻子大。食后白汤送下，大小加减。
七圣丸
三棱 蓬术 川楝 青皮 陈皮 芫花 杏仁
上件等分，先用醋浸芫花一宿，炒渐干，次入蓬、棱同炒赤色，又入陈、
练等再同炒一处，令微焦，取出为末，前药如各半两，杏仁亦用半两，汤浸，
去皮尖双仁不用，细研入巴豆二十粒去油，和匀，醋糊丸如黍米大。一岁儿常
服二丸，临卧温热汤送下。使日间所飧之物，一夜而化，永无疳疾，能使黄瘦子
顿作化生儿，今之小儿可去巴豆，只入杏仁，名七圣丸是也。
三棱散 主诸般停滞，疳积发热，泻痢酸 ，水谷不化，常服和脾胃，进饮食，长肌肉，益神气。
人参（去芦，七钱半） 三棱（炮，锉） 净香附（各一两半） 青皮（去白） 益智仁 陈皮（去白） 枳壳
（去穣，锉片，麸炒） 神曲（炒） 谷芽（洗，焙） 半夏（制） 莪术（醋煮透，滤干，锉焙） 大黄（半生，半
炮） 紫苏（去老梗。各半两） 甘草（半生，半炙，一两二钱）
上碎，每服二钱，水一盏，姜三片，仓米百粒，煎七分。无时温服。气虚者，加白茯苓一两。
莪术丸 和脾益胃，消进饮食，宽膈快气，悦色清神。
莪术（炮，锉） 三棱（炮，锉） 净香附（三味各四两，醇醋浸七日，慢火煮干，再焙） 槟榔（一两，薄锉） 生
牵牛末（一两，另研） 青木香（去芦） 谷芽（净洗，焙干） 青皮（去白。各半两） 荜澄茄 丁香 南
木香（各四钱）
上除槟榔、丁香、木香不过火，及牵牛末，余七味锉焙，仍同槟榔、木香、
丁香为末，临入牵牛末和匀，水煮面糊丸绿豆大。每服三十丸至五十丸，无
时，用淡姜汤下，温茶、温酒皆好，儿小者，丸粟米大，粒数、下法如前。
丁香脾积丸
三棱（煨，去皮毛） 莪术（去皮，炒） 神曲（炒。各七钱） 青皮 巴豆霜 小 香（炒） 陈皮（各五钱） 丁
香木香（各三钱）
上为细末，醋调神曲糊为丸，如绿豆大。每服五七丸，生姜汤下。
三黄枳术丸 治伤肉、湿面、辛辣、味浓之物，致填塞闷乱不快。
枳实（麸炒，五钱） 黄连（酒浸，炒） 大黄（湿纸裹，煨） 白术（各一两） 黄芩（五钱）
上为末，汤浸蒸饼为丸，如绿豆大。每服五十丸，白汤下，临时量所伤多少，加减服之。
《圣惠》诃梨勒散 治小儿宿食不化，少欲饮食，四肢消瘦，腹胁多胀。
诃梨勒皮（三分） 人参 白术 麦 （炒令微黄） 陈橘皮（去白） 槟榔（各半两） 甘草（一分，炙微赤）
上件药捣，粗罗为散，每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓。量儿大小分减，温服，日四五服。
〔朱氏〕木香丸 治小儿气，开胃进食。
木香 人参 白茯苓 青皮 陈皮 肉豆蔻（各一分） 三棱（一两，炮）
上为末，面糊丸，麻子大。每服十丸，姜汤下。
〔朱氏〕洗心散 治小儿乳食伤心作壮热，喘息不调，咳嗽多睡。
甘草（一钱，生） 麦门冬（一分半） 皂角（半两，入沙糖涂酥炙，后于盆下盖良久出火毒，方用）
上烂杵，不罗，每服二钱，水一盏，煎至八分。作五服，时时吃。
养脾丸
人参 白术 当归 川芎（各一钱半） 木香 青皮 黄连 陈皮（各一钱） 砂仁 山楂
肉神曲（炒） 麦芽（炒。各五分）
上为细末，水调神曲糊丸，如麻子大。每服三五十丸，陈仓米饮下。
[Tang] Bubulu (Infantile Emaciation with Fever) is caused by the failure of milk and food to digest, leading to Spleen-Stomach weakness, gradual inability to eat, depletion of Blood and Qi, lack of nourishment to muscles, emaciation with bones protruding like firewood, accompanied by persistent bitter heat, which is called Bubulu. The Moxiang Jinshi Wan (Musk Appetite-Enhancing Pill) is suitable (formula see Jipi).
[Zeng] Bubulu is also due to irregular breastfeeding and feeding, damaging the Spleen-Stomach. When the Spleen-Stomach is damaged, food intake decreases, the body becomes emaciated, and the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs cannot circulate freely, occasionally presenting with fever, which is called Bubulu. This condition is not far from Dingxi (Infantile Abdominal Distension), but Bubulu often presents with vomiting and reflux, deficiency of Zang Qi, profuse diarrhea due to cold, and worms in the stool. The treatment method is the same as that for Dingxi mentioned previously, except adding Yangzang Tang (Nourish the Viscera Decoction) for administration (formula see Chi Bai Li).
*Shenghui Fang* Renshen Wan (Ginseng Pill): Treats infantile Bubulu caused by exposure to wind after removing clothes, bathing in cold water, resulting in abdominal distension, frequent dysentery, or alternating chills and fever resembling malaria, anorexia, failure to gain weight even after eating, indigestion, and emaciation of the four limbs.
Herbs: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, heart removed, dried), Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber, washed seven times in hot water to remove slipperiness), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, lightly stir-fried), Fuling (Poria), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 3 fen), Helile (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus, roasted, peel used), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried until slightly red, sliced), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, coated with vinegar, roasted until yellow, skirt removed; each 1 liang), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizome) (0.5 liang).
The above herbs are crushed, sifted into powder, and made into pills the size of hemp seeds using refined honey. Infants aged one to two years take three pills with rice gruel drink; those aged four to five years take five pills, three times a day, adjusted according to age and size.
*Shanghan Lun* states: If a patient has residual food (Su Shi), how can it be distinguished? The Master said: The Cun Kou pulse is floating and large, but feels rough upon pressure; thus, it is known that there is residual food, and purgation should be applied. Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is suitable (*Shanghan Lun*). However, although both present with fever, in cases of food injury, the heat in the abdomen is particularly severe, and the feces are extremely sour and foul-smelling; tidal fever at night is a clear sign of food accumulation. In infants, residual food fails to digest because the Stomach receives water and grain while the Spleen transforms them; infants do not know moderation in Stomach reception, and the Spleen Qi is insufficient to handle it, hence indigestion. Shenqu (Medicated Leaven) and Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus) are substances of fermentation/putrefaction; it was previously believed that Kidney issues could damage the generating Qi of the Stomach, let alone the use of Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma) and Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma); even more so, the use of Qianniu (Pharbitidis Semen), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), and Badou (Crotonis Fructus). Once Spleen Qi is injured by food, and then again by medicine, when purgation is finally used, Qi may already collapse, leaving very little remaining. Therefore, digestive medicines should not be used excessively. Purgatives for clearing accumulation must be used only after carefully assessing whether purgation is indicated or absolutely necessary. Qian Yi discussed food indigestion, attributing it to Cold in the Spleen-Stomach preventing digestion, and recommended Bupi Yihuang San (Spleen-Nourishing Yellow-Regulating Powder) as the primary treatment.
Baohe Wan (Preserve Harmony Pill): Treats food stagnation, chest and diaphragm fullness and oppression, belching with acid regurgitation, or vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. (Adding Baizhu 1 liang makes Da'an Wan (Great Peace Pill)).
Herbs: Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, stir-fried), Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber), Fuling (Poria) (each 1 liang), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Luobozhi (Radish Seed, stir-fried) (5 qian).
Made into powder, formed into pills the size of paulownia seeds using rice gruel. Take 30 pills per dose, swallowed with plain warm water.
Commentary: The preceding formula is an agent for moving Qi and breaking stagnation. If Yuan Qi (Primal Qi) is not deficient, and this condition is caused by sudden cessation of milk/food, this resolving method is appropriate. If Yuan Qi is weak and injured by milk/food, the main treatment must be regulating and tonifying Stomach Qi, assisted by resolving methods. If vomiting occurs after the food has digested, it indicates Stomach Qi has been injured, and Yigong San (Yi-Gong Powder) should be used to tonify. Do not continue using the previous medicines, as this would further damage Stomach Qi; practitioners must exercise caution.
Muxiang Da'an Wan (Aucklandia Great Peace Pill)
Herbs: Muxiang (Costi Radix) (2 qian), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 3 qian), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Shanzhare (Crataegi Fructus), Laifuzi (Radish Seed, stir-fried), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, stir-fried), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, stir-fried), Sharen (Amomi Fructus) (each 1.5 qian).
Made into powder, formed into pills using Medicated Leaven paste. Taken with old barn rice soup.
Xiaoshi Wan (Digest Food Pill, also known as Xiaoru Wan): Treats residual food indigestion.
Herbs: Sharen (Amomi Fructus), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, stir-fried), Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma, stir-fried), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, stir-fried), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, stir-fried) (each 0.5 liang), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma, stir-fried) (1 liang).
Made into powder, formed into pills the size of hemp seeds using leaven paste. Taken with plain warm water after meals, dosage adjusted by age/size.
Qisheng Wan (Seven-Sage Pill)
Herbs: Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma), Pengzhi (Curcumae Rhizoma), Chuanlian (Toosendan Fructus), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum).
Equal parts. First, soak Yuanhua in vinegar overnight, stir-fry until nearly dry. Then add Pengzhi and Sanleng, stir-fry until red. Add Chenpi etc., stir-fry together until slightly scorched, remove and make into powder. The aforementioned herbs (Sanleng, Pengzhi, etc.) are each 0.5 liang. Xingren is also 0.5 liang, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double kernels discarded, finely ground. Add 20 grains of Badou (Crotonis Fructus) with oil removed, mix evenly, form into pills the size of millet seeds using vinegar paste. One-year-old infants usually take 2 pills, taken before bed with warm water. This allows food eaten during the day to digest overnight, preventing Kan disease (infantile malnutrition), transforming emaciated children into healthy ones. Modern pediatric practice removes Badou and uses only Xingren, still named Qisheng Wan.
Sanleng San (Sparganium Powder): Mainly treats various stagnations, Kan accumulation with fever, dysentery with sour smell, undigested food/water/grain. Regular use harmonizes Spleen-Stomach, promotes appetite, builds muscle, and benefits Shen (Spirit).
Herbs: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, rhizome removed) (7.5 qian), Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma, processed, sliced), Jing Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma) (each 1.5 liang), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, white pith removed), Yizhiren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, pulp removed, sliced, bran-fried), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, stir-fried), Guya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, washed, dried), Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber, prepared), Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma, boiled in vinegar thoroughly, filtered, dried, sliced), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, half raw, half processed), Zisu (Perillae Folium, old stems removed) (each 0.5 liang), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, half raw, half honey-fried) (1.2 liang).
Crushed. Each dose 2 qian, with 1 cup of water, 3 slices of ginger, 100 grains of barn rice, decocted to 0.7 cup. Warm take at any time. For Qi deficiency, add Fuling (Poria) 1 liang.
Ezhu Wan (Curcuma Pill): Harmonizes Spleen, benefits Stomach, promotes digestion, relieves diaphragmatic oppression and Qi stagnation, brightens complexion, and clears Shen.
Herbs: Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma, processed, sliced), Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma, processed, sliced), Jing Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma) (these three each 4 liang, soaked in strong vinegar for 7 days, slow-fire boiled dry, then dried), Binglang (Arecae Semen, thinly sliced) (1 liang), Sheng Qianniu (Pharbitidis Semen, raw, powder separately ground) (1 liang), Qingmuxiang (Tasmanniae Radix, rhizome removed), Guya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, washed, dried), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, white pith removed) (each 0.5 liang), Bichengqie (Schweinitiae Fructus), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Nanmuxiang (Agarwood) (each 4 qian).
Except for Binglang, Dingxiang, and Nanmuxiang which are not overheated, and the Qianniu powder, the other seven herbs are sliced and dried. They are powdered together with Binglang, Nanmuxiang, and Dingxiang. Before use, mix in the Qianniu powder. Form into pills the size of mung beans using water-boiled wheat paste. Take 30-50 pills per dose, at any time, with light ginger water. Warm tea or warm wine are also acceptable. For small infants, make pills the size of millet seeds; dosage and administration as above.
Dingxiang Pi Ji Wan (Clove Spleen-Accumulation Pill)
Herbs: Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma, roasted, skin/hairs removed), Ezhu (Curcumae Rhizoma, skin removed, stir-fried), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, stir-fried) (each 7 qian), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Badoushuang (Crotonis Fructus Paste), Xiao Hui Xiang (Foeniculi Fructus, stir-fried), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (each 5 qian), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Muxiang (Costi Radix) (each 3 qian).
Made into fine powder, formed into pills the size of mung beans using vinegar-mixed Medicated Leaven paste. Take 5-7 pills per dose, with ginger water.
Sanhuang Zhizhu Wan (Three-Yellow Zhi-Zhu Pill): Treats discomfort, stuffiness, and restlessness caused by overconsumption of meat, wet noodles, spicy foods, or rich flavors.
Herbs: Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, bran-fried) (5 qian), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, wine-soaked, stir-fried), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, wrapped in wet paper, roasted), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 1 liang), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (5 qian).
Made into powder, formed into pills the size of mung beans using steamed bread dough soaked in water. Take 50 pills per dose, with plain warm water. Adjust dosage based on the amount of food injured.
*Shenghui Fang* Helile San (Terminalia Powder): Treats infantile residual food indigestion, loss of appetite, emaciation of four limbs, and abdominal/flank distension.
Herbs: Helile Pi (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus Peel) (3 fen), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, stir-fried until slightly yellow), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, white pith removed), Binglang (Arecae Semen) (each 0.5 liang), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried until slightly red) (1 fen).
Crush the above herbs, sieve coarsely to make a powder. Each dose 1 qian, decocted in 0.1 cup of water until 0.05 cup remains, strain. Administer warm, adjusting dose by infant's size, 4-5 times daily.
[Zhushi] Muxiang Wan (Aucklandia Pill): Treats infantile Qi stagnation, opens stomach, promotes appetite.
Herbs: Muxiang (Costi Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen) (each 1 fen), Sanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma, processed) (1 liang).
Made into powder, formed into pills the size of hemp seeds using wheat paste. Take 10 pills per dose, with ginger water.
[Zhushi] Xixin San (Wash Heart Powder): Treats infantile high fever caused by milk/food injuring the Heart, irregular breathing, cough, and excessive sleepiness.
Herbs: Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, raw) (1 qian), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (1.5 fen), Zhaojiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina, coated with rock sugar and lard, roasted, covered under a basin for a long time to remove fire toxicity before use) (0.5 liang).
Pound into a paste, do not sieve. Each dose 2 qian, decocted in 1 cup of water until 0.8 cup remains. Divide into 5 doses, consume frequently.
Yangpi Wan (Nourish Spleen Pill)
Herbs: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizome) (each 1.5 qian), Muxiang (Costi Radix), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (each 1 qian), Sharen (Amomi Fructus), Shanzhare (Crataegi Fructus), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, stir-fried), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus, stir-fried) (each 5 fen).
Made into fine powder, formed into pills the size of hemp seeds using water-mixed Medicated Leaven paste. Take 30-50 pills per dose, with old barn rice infusion.