〔郑〕夫汗者，心之所藏，在内为血，发外者为汗。盖汗乃心之液，故人之气血
平则宁，偏则病。经云∶阴虚阳必凑，则发热而自汗，阳虚而阴必乘，则发厥而自
汗。皆由阴阳偏胜而致也。小儿血气嫩弱，肤腠未密，若浓衣温暖，熏蒸脏腑，脏腑
生热，热搏于心，为邪所胜，故液不能内藏，熏出肌肤，则为盗汗也。又或伤于冷
热，冷热交争，阴阳不顺，津液走泄，亦令睡中汗自出。其间有虚实之证，虚者谓
诸病后、大汗后、血气尚弱，液溢自汗，或潮热或寒热发过之后身凉自汗，日久令
人黄瘦，失治则变为骨蒸疳劳也。丹溪云∶盗汗者，谓睡而汗出也，不睡则不出，
汗出，方其睡熟也， 然出焉，觉则止而不复出矣，亦是心虚，宜敛心气，益肾
水，使阴阳调和，水火升降，其汗自止。钱氏云∶上至头，下至项，谓之六阳虚汗，
不须治之。
〔薛〕自汗者，汗不待发表而自出也。经曰∶饮食饱甚，汗出于胃，惊而夺精，
汗出于心，持重远行，汗出于肾，疾走恐惧，汗出于肝，摇体劳苦，汗出于脾。又曰∶阴虚而阳必辏，则发热而自汗，
阳虚而阴必乘，则发厥而自汗。束垣云∶表虚自汗，秋冬用桂，春夏用黄 。丹溪云∶汗者，心之液也，自汗之证，未
有不由心肾俱虚而得之者。巢氏云∶虚劳病，若阳气偏虚，则津液发泄而为汗。
夫心为主阳之脏，火也，阳主气，人身津液，随其阳气所在之处而生，亦随其
火所扰之处而泄，则为自汗矣。治法，当用参 甘温益气之药，使阳气外固而津液
内藏，则汗止矣。若元气虚者，夏月用六君子汤加山药山茱萸，冬月用加减八味丸、
十全大补汤。血虚者四物加参 。有热者，当归六黄汤。气血俱虚者，十全大补汤。
心肾虚热者，六味九。虚寒者，八味丸。心经血虚者，团参汤。胃经气虚者，六君
子汤。饮食劳倦者，补中益气汤。嗜卧倦怠者，升阳益胃汤。热伤元气者，清燥汤。
暑干心胞络者，清暑益气汤。外伤风邪者，惺惺散。虚劳羸瘦者，人参养荣汤。思
虑伤脾者，归脾汤。怒动肝火者，小柴胡汤。肝经虚热者，加味逍遥散。肝经湿热
者，龙胆泻肝汤。泄泻脉微者，人参理中汤。手足汗者，补中益气汤。胸腹汗者，
四君子汤。当心一片有汗者、茯苓补心汤。黄汗者，茵陈五苓散。血汗者，血余散
敷之。此皆去汗之大法也，仍推五脏相胜主之。若汗出如油，喘而不休，此为命绝。
柔汗发黄，此为脾绝。汗出不流如贯珠者，为绝汗。数者并不治。若六阳虚，则汗
出上至头，下至项，亦多主难治。〔曾〕小儿脾虚自汗，多出额上，沾黏人手，速
救胃气，全蝎观音散用姜枣煎汤调服，及沉香饮为治。脾虚泻自汗，遍身冷而出有
时，遇泻则无，泻过即有，此候太虚，急当补脾，投益黄散、参苓白术散、附子理
中汤。肺虚自汗，其候右脸色多 白，肺脉按之无力，盖久因咳嗽，连声不已，痰
少不活，乃肺经虚气上壅，致令汗出，宜令补肺散为治，及以藿香饮调脾，此又益
母救子之义也。慢惊自汗，遍体俱有，其冷如水，此证已危，金液丹、固真汤主之。
有实证自汗，外因感冒风邪，发热无间，昏醒浸浸汗出，当救表解肌，用百解
散水煎服，或间投五苓散温白汤调下。
〔钱〕治病有等 张氏三子病，大者汗遍身。次者上至顶下至胸。小者但额有汗。
众医以麦煎散治之，不效。钱曰大者与香瓜丸。次者与益脾散。小者与石膏汤。各
五日而愈。
香瓜丸
胡黄连 大黄瓜（黄色者一枚） 大黄（湿纸裹煨） 柴胡（去芦） 鳖甲（醋炙黄）
黄柏 黄连 芦荟 青皮（各等分）
上，除黄瓜外同为细末，将黄瓜割其顶，填入诸药至满，却盖口，用杖子插
定，火内煨熟，将黄瓜及药同用面糊、丸如绿豆大。每服二三丸，食后冷浆或新
水下，大者五七丸，不及十丸。
胃怯汗，上至顶，下至脐，此胃虚，当补胃，益黄散主之。
〔钱〕六阳虚汗，上至顶，不过胸也，不须治之。喜汗，浓衣卧而额汗出也，止
汗散主之。
止汗散 用故蒲扇灰研细，每服三钱，温酒调下，无时。
薛氏方十全大补汤 治诸虚不足，自汗不食，时发潮热等证。
白茯苓 人参 当归 白术 黄 （炒） 川芎 肉桂 白芍药（炒） 熟地黄 甘草（炒。各等分）
上，每服三五钱，加姜枣，水煎服。
八珍汤（前方去肉桂、黄 ，治验见各门）
人参养荣汤 治病后时自汗，或发潮热，口干食少，心虚惊悸，咳而下利。（前方去川
芎，加陈皮、五味子、远志。）
升阳益胃汤（痢） 加减八味丸（虚羸） 清燥汤 清暑益气汤（并注夏） 惺惺散（痘）
归脾汤（惊悸） 小柴胡汤（发热） 加味逍遥散（女科发热） 龙胆泻肝汤（杂前阴诸疾）
人参理中汤（泻） 茯苓补心汤（喑） 茵陈五苓散（黄胆）
曾氏方
全蝎观音散（吐泻） 沉香饮（吐泻） 益黄散（脾） 参苓白术散（吐泻） 理中汤（吐
泻） 补肺散（咳嗽） 藿香饮（脾弱） 金液丹 固真汤（并慢惊） 百解散 五苓散（并急惊）
团参汤 治小儿虚汗，或心血液盛，亦发为汗，此药收敛心气。
新罗人参 川当归（各三钱）
上锉细，用雄猪心一个，切三片，每服二钱，猪心一片，井水一盏半，煎至一
盏，食前，两次服。
牡蛎散 治血虎自汗，或病后暴虚，津液不固自汗。
牡蛎（ ） 黄 生地黄（各等分）
上锉散。每服二钱，或加浮麦煎。
扑汗方
黄连 牡蛎粉 贝母（各半两）
上，用米粉一升，敷之。
血余散 治汗不止。
用男子乱发一握， ，存性，为细末，以绢袋盛置，干扑之。
[Zheng] Sweat is stored by the Heart; within the interior it is called Blood, and when emitted to the exterior it is called Sweat. Since sweat is the fluid of the Heart, when a person's Qi and Blood are in balance, the body remains tranquil; when they are imbalanced, disease arises. The Classics state: "When Yin is deficient, Yang must encroach, leading to fever and spontaneous sweating (Zi Han); when Yang is deficient, Yin must invade, leading to cold extremities and spontaneous sweating." All these result from an excess of either Yin or Yang. Children have tender and weak Qi and Blood, and their skin pores (Cou Li) are not dense. If they wear thick clothes and are kept too warm, this steams the Zang-Fu organs, generating heat within them. When heat combats with the Heart and is overcome by pathogenic factors, the fluids cannot be stored internally but are steamed out through the skin, resulting in night sweats (Dao Han). Alternatively, if injured by cold or heat, the conflict between cold and heat disrupts the harmony of Yin and Yang, causing fluids to leak, which also leads to sweating during sleep. Among these, there are deficiency and excess patterns. Deficiency patterns refer to cases after various illnesses or profuse sweating, where Qi and Blood are still weak, causing fluids to overflow and sweat spontaneously; or sweating spontaneously when the body cools down after tidal fever or alternating chills and fever. Over time, this causes sallow complexion and emaciation; if untreated, it may transform into bone-steaming consumption (Gu Zheng Gan Lao). Danxi said: "Night sweats refer to sweating while sleeping; without sleep, there is no sweat. While deeply asleep, sweat naturally flows out; upon waking, it stops and does not reappear." This is also due to Heart deficiency. One should astringe Heart Qi and nourish Kidney Water to harmonize Yin and Yang and facilitate the descent of Fire and ascent of Water, so that sweating will cease naturally. Qian Yi said: "Sweating extending from the top of the head down to the neck is called 'Six-Yang Deficiency Sweating' (Liu Yang Xu Han), which requires no treatment."
[Xue] Spontaneous sweating refers to sweating occurring without the need for diaphoretic therapy. The Classics state: "After excessive fullness from food, sweat comes from the Stomach; after fright and loss of Essence, sweat comes from the Heart; after carrying heavy loads and traveling far, sweat comes from the Kidney; after running fast and fear, sweat comes from the Liver; after bodily exertion and toil, sweat comes from the Spleen." It also states: "When Yin is deficient, Yang must encroach, leading to fever and spontaneous sweating; when Yang is deficient, Yin must invade, leading to cold extremities and spontaneous sweating." Shuyuan said: "For spontaneous sweating due to Exterior deficiency, use Cinnamon Twig Decoction (Gui Zhi Tang) type formulas in autumn and winter, and Astragalus Decoction type formulas in spring and summer." Danxi said: "Sweat is the fluid of the Heart. There is no case of spontaneous sweating that does not arise from dual deficiency of the Heart and Kidney." Chao Yuanfang said: "In consumptive diseases, if Yang Qi is excessively deficient, then Body Fluids are exuded as sweat." The Heart is the organ that governs Yang and belongs to Fire. Yang governs Qi. Human Body Fluids are generated where Yang Qi resides and are discharged where Fire disturbs, thus becoming spontaneous sweating. The treatment method should employ sweet-warm and Qi-tonifying herbs such as Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Licorice Root (Gancao) to secure Yang Qi on the exterior and store Body Fluids within, thereby stopping sweating. For those with deficient Yuan Qi, use Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) with Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao) and Cornus Fructus (Shanzhuyu) in summer, and Jia Jian Ba Wei Wan (Modified Eight-Ingredient Pill) or Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Ten Significant Great Tonifying Decoction) in winter. For Blood deficiency, use Si Wu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) plus Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen). For those with heat, use Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang (Angelica Six-Huang Decoction). For dual Qi and Blood deficiency, use Shi Quan Da Bu Tang. For Heart and Kidney deficiency-heat, use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia). For deficiency-cold, use Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill, i.e., Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan). For Heart channel Blood deficiency, use Tuan Shen Tang. For Stomach channel Qi deficiency, use Liu Jun Zi Tang. For dietary indiscretion and fatigue, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. For lethargy and lassitude, use Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang. For heat damaging Yuan Qi, use Qing Zao Tang. For Summer-heat invading the Pericardium channel, use Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang. For external Wind pathogen invasion, use Xing Xing San. For consumptive emaciation, use Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang. For overthinking damaging the Spleen, use Gui Pi Tang. for anger stirring Liver Fire, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang. For Liver channel deficiency-heat, use Jia Wei Xiao Yao San. For Liver channel damp-heat, use Long Dan Xie Gan Tang. For diarrhea with faint pulse, use Ren Shen Li Zhong Tang. For sweating of hands and feet, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. For sweating of chest and abdomen, use Si Jun Zi Tang. For sweating localized at the heart region, use Fu Ling Bu Xin Tang. For yellow sweat, use Yin Chen Wu Ling San. For bloody sweat, apply Xue Yu San externally. These are all major methods for stopping sweat, yet one must still deduce the governing pathology based on the mutual overcoming relationships of the Five Zang organs. If sweat oozes like oil and breathing is labored without cessation, this indicates the end of life. If soft sweat turns the skin yellow, this indicates the end of the Spleen. If sweat does not flow but beads like pearls, this is 'Jue Han' (Extinction Sweat). None of these conditions are treatable. If it is Six-Yang deficiency, with sweat extending from the head to the neck, it is also mostly difficult to treat. [Zeng] Pediatric spontaneous sweating due to Spleen deficiency often appears on the forehead, sticking to human hands; one must quickly rescue Stomach Qi using Quan Xie Guan Yin San mixed with Ginger and Jujube decoction, and Chen Xiang Yin for treatment. For Spleen deficiency diarrhea with spontaneous sweating, the whole body is cold with intermittent sweating; there is no sweat during diarrhea, but it returns immediately after. This condition indicates extreme deficiency; urgently tonify the Spleen with Yi Huang San, Shen Ling Bai Zhu San, or Fu Zi Li Zhong Tang. For Lung deficiency spontaneous sweating, the right cheek color is often pale, and the Lung pulse is forceless upon palpation. This is due to chronic coughing with continuous barking sounds and scanty, unproductive phlegm, causing deficient Qi of the Lung channel to obstruct upwards, leading to sweating. Use Bu Fei San for treatment, and use Huo Xiang Yin to regulate the Spleen and Stomach, following the principle of benefiting the mother to save the child. For slow convulsion with spontaneous sweating, the entire body sweats and feels cold as water; this condition is critical, treated with Jin Ye Dan and Gu Zhen Tang. For excess pattern spontaneous sweating caused by external Wind pathogen invasion, with constant fever and dripping sweat during drowsiness and wakefulness, one should rescue the Exterior and release the muscle layer using Bai Jie San decocted in water, or alternatively administer Wu Ling San mixed with warm white wine.
[Qian] Treatment has hierarchical distinctions. The three sons of Zhang were ill: the eldest sweated all over the body; the second sweated from the top of the head to the chest; the youngest sweated only on the forehead. Many physicians treated them with Mai Jian San without effect. Qian Yi said: Give Xiang Gua Wan to the eldest; Yi Pi San to the second; Shi Gao Tang to the youngest. Each recovered after five days of administration.
Xiang Gua Wan
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huang Lian), Large Yellow Melon (one yellow fruit), Rheum Palmatum Rhizome (Da Huang, wrapped in wet paper and baked), Bupleuri Radix (Chai Hu, de-radiated), Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum (Bie Jia, vinegar-fried until yellow), Phellodendri Cortex (Huang Bo), Coptidis Rhizoma (Huang Lian), Aloe (Lu Hui), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Qing Pi) (all equal parts).
Above, except for the melon, grind together into fine powder. Cut off the top of the melon, fill with the medicines until full, cover the opening, secure with a stick, and bake in fire until cooked. Mix the melon and medicine with wheat paste to form pills the size of mung beans. Take 2-3 pills after meals with cool grain water or new well water; for the eldest, take 5-7 pills, not exceeding 10.
Stomach weakness sweating, extending from the top of the head to the navel, indicates Stomach deficiency; one should tonify the Stomach, treating with Yi Huang San.
[Qian] Six-Yang deficiency sweating extends from the top of the head but does not go below the chest; it requires no treatment. 'Xi Han' (Joyful/Thick-clothes sweating) refers to sweating on the forehead after sleeping in thick clothing; treat with Zhi Han San.
Zhi Han San
Use ash from old palm leaf fans, ground finely. Take 3 qian each time, mixed with warm wine, at any time.
Xue's Formula: Shi Quan Da Bu Tang
Treats various deficiencies, spontaneous sweating, poor appetite, and occasional tidal fevers.
Poria (Fu Ling), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Ren Shen), Angelica Sinensis Radix (Dang Gui), Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Bai Zhu), Astragali Radix (Huang Qi, fried), Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuan Xiong), Cinnamomi Cortex (Rou Gui), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Bai Shao Yao, fried), Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shu Di Huang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao, fried) (all equal parts).
Above, take 3-5 qian each time, add Ginger and Jujube, decoct in water and drink.
Ba Zhen Tang (Former formula minus Cinnamomi Cortex and Astragali Radix; efficacy seen in respective sections)
Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang
Treats frequent spontaneous sweating after illness, or tidal fever, dry mouth, poor appetite, Heart deficiency with palpitations, cough with diarrhea. (Former formula minus Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome, add Tangerine Peel (Chen Pi), Schisandrae Fructus (Wu Wei Zi), and Polygala Radix (Yuan Zhi).)
Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang (Dysentery) Jia Jian Ba Wei Wan (Emaciation) Qing Zao Tang Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang (Note: Summer) Xing Xing San (Smallpox)
Gui Pi Tang (Palpitations) Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Fever) Jia Wei Xiao Yao San (Gynecological Fever) Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Various Diseases of Anterior Genitals)
Ren Shen Li Zhong Tang (Diarrhea) Fu Ling Bu Xin Tang (Aphonia) Yin Chen Wu Ling San (Jaundice)
Zeng's Formulas
Quan Xie Guan Yin San (Vomiting/Diarrhea) Chen Xiang Yin (Vomiting/Diarrhea) Yi Huang San (Spleen) Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Vomiting/Diarrhea) Li Zhong Tang (Vomiting/Diarrhea) Bu Fei San (Cough) Huo Xiang Yin (Weak Spleen) Jin Ye Dan Gu Zhen Tang (Both Slow Convulsion) Bai Jie San Wu Ling San (Both Acute Convulsion)
Tuan Shen Tang
Treats pediatric deficiency sweating, or sweating caused by abundant Heart Blood and Fire; this medicine astringes Heart Qi.
Korean Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Xin Luo Ren Shen), Sichuan Angelica Sinensis Radix (Chuan Dang Gui) (each 3 qian).
Above, cut finely. Use one male pig heart, sliced into three pieces. Take 2 qian per dose, using one slice of pig heart and 1.5 cups of well water, decoct until 1 cup remains. Take before meals, divided into two doses.
Mu Li San
Treats 'Blood Tiger' spontaneous sweating, or sudden deficiency after illness where Body Fluids are insecure leading to spontaneous sweating.
Ostreae Concha (Mu Li, calcined), Astragali Radix (Huang Qi), Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng Di Huang) (all equal parts).
Above, cut into fragments. Take 2 qian each time, or add Polyporus (Fu Mai) and decoct.
Pu Han Fang (Powder for Sweating)
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huang Lian), Ostreae Concha Powder (Mu Li Fen), Fritillariae Bulbus (Bei Mu) (each half liang).
Above, mix with one sheng of rice flour and apply as a powder.
Xue Yu San
Treats incessant sweating.
Take a handful of human hair (Xue Yu), burn to charcoal preserving its nature, grind into fine powder, place in a silk bag, and apply dry as a powder.