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Chao Yuanfang stated: All types of Lin syndrome (stranguria) are caused by Kidney deficiency. The Kidney and Bladder have a interior-exterior relationship. When water enters the Small Intestine, it communicates with the Bao (uterus/lower jiao), flows through the Yin region, and becomes urine for excretion.

Kidney Qi connects to the Yin region, which is the pathway for downward flow. There are five types of Lin syndrome: First is Gao Lin (fatty stranguria), where urine contains lipid-like substances resembling fat floating on the surface; this occurs because Kidney deficiency fails to control the downward flow of fatty fluids. Second is Leng Lin (cold stranguria), characterized by chills preceding urination; this is also due to Kidney deficiency and cold invading the Lower Jiao, where cold Qi enters the Bao and contends with healthy Qi, causing dysuria accompanied by chills. Third is Re Lin (heat stranguria), where heat in the Lower Jiao transmits to the Kidney and flows into the Bao, resulting in dark yellow, dysuric urine, occasionally mixed with fresh blood. Fourth is Xue Lin (blood stranguria), which represents extreme heat. The Heart governs Blood, circulating externally through meridians and internally through zang-fu organs; when heat is excessive, blood loses its normal pathway. Since the Heart and Small Intestine are interior-exterior partners, heat flows downward into the Bao, causing Xue Lin. Fifth is Shi Lin (stone stranguria). The Kidney governs water; when water coagulates, it transforms into stones. If the Kidney is attacked by heat, pain occurs in the urethra during urination, preventing smooth flow. Pain radiates to the lower abdomen, followed by the passage of sand and stones in urine. In severe cases, cold pain may cause faintness, with perspiration over the whole body before recovery. These conditions can be cured by using Ju Fang Wu Lin San (Five Strangurias Powder from the Imperial Pharmacy Formulary) combined with Long Nao Ji Su Wan (Borneol and Perilla Pill).

Liu Wansu stated: Enuresis with inability to control urination belongs to Cold patterns. The Kidney governs Water, and the Bladder is the fu-organ of Jin-Ye (body fluids). When both the Kidney and Bladder are deficient, cold Qi takes advantage, making them unable to restrain water, leading to involuntary leakage, termed enuresis. Nocturnal enuresis occurring during sleep is called bedwetting. These are all caused by dual deficiency of the Kidney and Bladder complicated by cold. Treat with Ji Chang San (Chicken Intestine Powder). Alternatively, if heat pathogen lodges in the Kidney region and interferes with the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian, causing severe stagnation at the anterior orifice (Yin Kou), Qi and Blood cannot circulate freely. This leads to flaccidity and numbness, rendering Shen (spirit/mind) ineffective, so fluids seep into the Bladder, resulting in sudden urinary loss that cannot be controlled.

Xue Ji stated: Urine resembling rice washings, or turning white after some time, may also result from Spleen deficiency with food retention and damp-heat pouring downward. Initially administer Fu Ling San (Poria Powder) for five to seven doses, followed by Si Wei Fei Er Wan (Four-Ingredient Child-Nourishing Pill).

Wang Kentang stated: Urine initially slightly red, becoming turbid and white after standing, indicates pathogenic factors of Heat Gan (childhood malnutrition/parasitic disease). Urine initially yellow-white, becoming turbid and white after standing, indicates Cold Gan. For cold patterns, use Yi Huang San (Benefit Yellow Powder); for heat patterns, use Niu Huang Wan (Calculus Bovis Pill); for mixed cold-heat patterns, use Lu Hui Wan (Aloe Vera Pill); for pure white turbidity, use Hou Po Wan (Magnolia Bark Pill).