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Qian Zhongyang stated: "Zheng Shanghan (True Cold Damage) in children refers to contracting cold pathogenic factors, manifesting as high fever, headache, nasal congestion with runny nose, aversion to cold, and physical stiffness." Jia Jing (Accompanied by fright) occurs when a child is frightened and subsequently contracts cold pathogens, or when extreme heat from Shanghan generates wind. The heat attacks the Heart, causing the Heart Spirit to become easily agitated, leading to convulsions. Treat with Qianghuo San (Notopterygium Powder) to resolve the exterior; do not immediately use Baolong Wan (Dragon-Holding Pill), as it contains Cinnabar (Zhu Sha), which can fixate and retain the pathogen within. Jia Shi (Accompanied by food stagnation) occurs either when cold-damage precedes dietary stagnation, or when dietary stagnation precedes wind-cold contraction, resulting in fever, coarse breathing, belching, high fever, headache, abdominal distension and pain, and sour-smelling stool. Treatment should first employ exterior-resolving methods, followed by digestion-promoting methods. If unresolved, Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) may be used. For infants under one year old with mild heat from Shanghan, Xingxing San (Xingxing Powder) is indicated. For children over one year old, the exterior must be resolved with slight sweating. If the pathogen persists for five to six days without resolution, it has entered the meridians, leading to complex transformations that cannot be exhaustively listed. Generally, treat according to the Six Channels (Liu Jing) pattern differentiation.

Children have loose Cou Li (pores and interstices), allowing external pathogens to accumulate internally, or due to the nursing mother's emotional disturbances and consumption of rich foods generating internal heat. If external Wind-Pathogen invades, presenting with clear nasal discharge, headache, and heavy body, use Shen Su Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink). For Shanghan with fever, cough, and heat in the head and face, the *Qianjin Fang* prescribes Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) plus Shigao (Gypsum), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Shaoyao (Peony Root), and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger). For fever with wheezing cough and a sound like a water frog in the throat, the *Qianjin Fang* prescribes Shegan Tang (Belamcanda Decoction). If coughing up green or clear watery fluid, use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) plus Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) and Jiegeng (Platycodon Root). If coughing up phlegm mixed with milk, add only Jiegeng; do not use Chaihu. If coughing up bitter fluid, this indicates bile overflowing upward; use Erchen Tang (Two Aged Substances Decoction) plus Huangqin. If coughing with a sensation of obstruction in the throat, this is Heart Fire insulting Lung Metal; use Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) plus Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit). If phlegm is present, add Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) and Fuling (Poria). If caused by Wind-Heat, add Weirui (Polygonatum Rhizome) and Bohe (Mint). For prolonged cough unresponsive to dispersing herbs, accompanied by slight fever at night, urgently switch to a small dose of Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) to nourish Yin. If facial and eye swelling occur, use Wuwei Yigong San (Five-Ingredient Extraordinary Merit Powder) to tonify Qi, which will stop the cough immediately. Strictly avoid ascending, dispersing, and Qi-assisting herbs. If blood appears in sputum or epistaxis occurs during coughing, add Ziwan (Aster Root). For stubborn phlegm due to Wind-Heat phlegm binding that cannot be expectorated, use Weirui and White Honey to moisten. Cough occurring within the first 100 days is called Ru Sou (Breast Cough), which is difficult to manage; use Jiegeng Tang, adding Bohe, Zisu (Perilla Leaf), Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Congbai (Scallion White), and Xiangchi (Prepared Soybean) according to symptoms. Breastfeeding must be prohibited; feeding with rice gruel is effective. For external Wind-Pathogen, use Xingxing San. After Phlegm-Heat is cleared, if coarse breathing, profuse phlegm, or drooling persist, this indicates Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency; use Yigong San (Extraordinary Merit Powder) plus Jiegeng. For mouth ulcers, hot eyes, five-palm heat, abdominal fullness, coarse breathing, and hard stools, use Liangge San (Cooling the Diaphragm Powder). If the illness results from the nursing mother consuming Five Pungent Spices and rich flavors, the mother should take Qingwei San (Clear Stomach Powder), while treating the child based on their specific manifestations.