小儿唇红如丹即发渴。红甚焦黑则危笃。若三焦烦热作渴。导赤散。风热。泻青丸。虚烦懊
。栀子豉汤。虚烦不得眠。酸枣汤。夜甚者。当归补血汤。伤寒后唇口焦者。竹叶石膏汤。泻
利作渴。五苓散。暑伤心脾。烦渴引饮者。人参白虎汤。下利脾虚作渴。七味白术散。热结膀胱。
小便秘渴。五苓散。上焦虚热。四君子汤。膏粱积热。清胃散。脾虚积热。泻黄散。中气虚热。
异功散。肾水虚热。六味丸。慎勿误用寒凉降火。脾胃复伤。则腹胀而为败证矣。
小儿腠理疏薄。常时微汗。但不宜过多。亦不可衣被过浓。使汗大出。若睡中出汗名盗汗。
止汗散。遍身多汗烦热为胃热。三补丸。胃虚汗者。上至项下至脐也。益黄散。六阳虚汗者。上
至头下至项。乃禀赋不足。保元汤加防风、白术。小儿元气未充。腠理不密。或饮食停滞。或浓
衣温暖。热郁心包而津液妄泄也。导赤散。血虚。用人参、当归等分煎服。名团参汤。其盗汗属
胃经虚热者。五味异功。肾经虚热者。六味丸。若寒水侮土。益黄散。设泛行施治。误损脾胃多
成疳瘵。大凡汗多亡阳。必至角弓反张。颈项痉强。用十全大补。多有生者。
夫人身之神。贵于脏而默用。见于外则内虚也。其证皆由脾气有亏。运化失职。湿热留于肌
肤。发而为瘅。钱仲阳所谓身痛背强。二便涩滞。遍身面目爪甲皆黄。小便褐色是也。治法。宜
固脾为先。如专用克伐宽中淡泄利水之药。则鲜有不致危者。若初生及百日之中。半旬之内。不
因病而身黄者。胃热胎黄也。腹大食土。为脾疳。兼作渴冷冻饮料。泻黄散。小便不利。五苓散加茵
陈。大便秘。茵陈蒿汤。病后发黄。肢体浮肿。白术散。清便自调。肢冷嗜卧。益黄散。身淡黄
白。理中丸加茵陈。身热膈满。肌肤面目皆黄。泻黄散加枳壳、生姜。若闭目壮热。多哭不已。
大小便赤涩。口中热气。乃妊母浓味遗毒也。母子并服清胃散、生料地黄丸。忌酒面五辛热物。
倘误伤脾土。急则惊风吐泻。缓则肢体浮肿。小便不利。眼目障闭。多成疳疾矣。又有脾虚发黄
者。当于脾胃中求之。
The infant's lips are red like cinnabar, followed by thirst. If the redness becomes severe and turns scorched black, the condition is critical. For thirst caused by vexatious heat in the San Jiao (Triple Burner), use Dao Chi San (Guide Out Red Powder Decoction). For wind-heat, use Xie Qing Wan (Drain Green Pill). For deficiency vexation with restlessness, use Zhi Zi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction). For deficiency vexation preventing sleep, use Suan Zao Ren Tang (Sour Jujube Seed Decoction). For symptoms worsening at night, use Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (Angelica Sinensis Tonifying Blood Decoction). For scorched lips and mouth after a cold damage disease, use Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction). For thirst caused by diarrhea/dysentery, use Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). For summerheat damaging the Heart and Spleen, causing vexatious thirst with excessive drinking, use Ren Shen Bai Hu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction). For thirst due to Spleen deficiency following diarrhea, use Qi Wei Bai Zhu San (Seven-Ingredient Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder). For heat binding in the Bladder causing scanty urination and thirst, use Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). For deficiency heat in the Upper Jiao, use Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction). For accumulated heat from rich foods, use Qing Wei San (Clear Stomach Powder). For Spleen deficiency with accumulated heat, use Xie Huang San (Drain Yellow Powder). For deficiency heat due to Middle Qi deficiency, use Yi Gong San (Yi-Gong Powder). For deficiency heat due to Kidney Yin insufficiency, use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). Be cautious not to mistakenly use cold and cooling herbs to descend fire; otherwise, further injury to the Spleen and Stomach will lead to abdominal distension and a deteriorating syndrome.
The infant's skin and interstices (Cou Li) are loose and thin, often presenting with slight sweating normally, but it should not be excessive. Clothing and bedding should not be too thick to avoid profuse sweating. Sweating during sleep is called盗汗 (Dao Han, Night Sweats), treated with Zhi Han San (Stop Sweat Powder). Generalized sweating with vexatious heat indicates Stomach Heat, treated with San Bu Wan (Three-Tonic Pill). Sweating due to Stomach Deficiency, ranging from the neck to the umbilicus, is treated with Yi Huang San (Benefit Yellow Powder). Sweating due to Six Yang Meridian Deficiency, ranging from the head to the neck, results from congenital insufficiency, treated with Bao Yuan Tang (Protect Origin Decoction) added with Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root) and Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome). The infant's Yuan Qi (Original Qi) is not yet full, and the Cou Li are not tight. Food stagnation or warm clothing may cause heat to郁 (stagnate) in the Xin Bao (Pericardium), leading to reckless leakage of Jin Ye (Body Fluids), treated with Dao Chi San (Guide Out Red Powder Decoction). For Blood Deficiency, equal parts of Ren Shen (Ginseng) and Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis) are decocted and taken, named Tuan Shen Tang (Round Ginseng Decoction). For night sweats belonging to Stomach Meridian Deficiency Heat, use Wu Wei Yi Gong San (Five-Flavor Yi-Gong Powder); for Kidney Meridian Deficiency Heat, use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). If Cold Water insults Earth (Spleen), use Yi Huang San (Benefit Yellow Powder). Indiscriminate treatment that mistakenly damages the Spleen and Stomach often leads to Gan Ji (Infantile Malnutrition) and Lao Zhai (Consumption). Generally, excessive sweating leading to Wang Yang (Loss of Yang) inevitably results in Opisthotonos (Jiao Gong Fan Zhang) and neck stiffness/spasm. In such cases, using Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Ten Complete Great Tonification Decoction) often yields survival.
The Shen (Spirit) of the human body values residing in the Zang organs and functioning silently; appearing externally indicates internal deficiency. These syndromes all arise from Spleen Qi deficiency, failure of transformation and transportation, and damp-heat lingering in the skin, manifesting as Dan (Jaundice). As Qian Zhongyang stated: body pain, back stiffness, obstructed urination and defecation, yellowing of the whole body, face, and nails, and brown urine. The treatment method should prioritize securing the Spleen. If one exclusively uses attacking, middle-expanding, or bland-draining diuretic drugs, few cases do not become critical. For infants born within 100 days, if they turn yellow within half a xun (15 days) without illness, it is Wei Re Tai Huang (Stomach Heat Fetal Jaundice). Abdominal distension with geophagia (eating earth) indicates Pi Gan (Spleen Infarction/Gan Syndrome). Accompanied by thirst for cold drinks, use Xie Huang San (Drain Yellow Powder). With difficult urination, add Yin Chen (Artemisia Capillaris) to Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). With constipation, use Yin Chen Hao Tang (Artemisia Capillaris and Ma Huang Decoction). Post-illness jaundice with limb edema is treated with Bai Zhu San (Atractylodes Powder). With normal stool and urine, but cold limbs and lethargy, use Yi Huang San (Benefit Yellow Powder). With pale yellow-white complexion, use Li Zhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill) added with Yin Chen (Artemisia Capillaris). With fever, chest fullness, and yellowing of skin and face, use Xie Huang San (Drain Yellow Powder) added with Zhi Ke (Aurantium Fruit) and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). If eyes are closed, with high fever, incessant crying, reddish and obstructed urination/defecation, and hot breath, this is poison left by the pregnant mother consuming rich flavors. Both mother and infant should take Qing Wei San (Clear Stomach Powder) and Sheng Liao Di Huang Wan (Raw Material Rehmannia Pill). Avoid alcohol, wheat products, and five pungent hot substances. If the Spleen Earth is mistakenly injured, acute symptoms include Jing Feng (Wind Stroke) with vomiting and diarrhea; chronic symptoms include limb edema, difficult urination, and visual obstruction, often forming Gan Ji (Infantile Malnutrition). For jaundice caused by Spleen Deficiency, one should seek treatment within the Spleen and Stomach.