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Cang'erzi (Xanthii Fructus), also known as Dali Zi, Niubangzi, and Shunianzi.
Acrid, neutral. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian (Hand-Taiyin Lung Channel). It descends Lung Qi without causing dryness, and removes stagnant Qi to facilitate movement of the waist. It treats sores and ulcers due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying efficacy; it eliminates wind toxicity due to its acrid dispersing power. Combined with Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos), it treats Phlegm-Jue headache (headache caused by phlegm obstruction leading to Qi reversal); combined with Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), it treats sore throat and smallpox/rash; combined with Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and Fuping (Urticae Herba), it treats wind-heat urticaria (sudden itchy skin rash); combined with Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), it treats Li-jie swelling and pain (severe joint pain and swelling); combined with Louren (Trichosanthis Semen), it treats accumulated heat in epidemic diseases; assisted by Sheng Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), it treats headache extending to the eyes. For toothache, grind raw Cang'erzi, wrap in cotton, hold against the affected area, and discharge of yellow fluid indicates cure. Use after steaming with wine to remove frost, or stir-fry until ripe. Contraindicated for diarrhea, deficiency-cold type smallpox/rash, and Qi-blood deficiency.

Cang'er Gen (Xanthii Radix), bitter, cold. Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Treats fever and irritability from Tianxing shizheng (epidemic febrile diseases), all wind diseases and malignant sores, stops cough, and treats toothache. Stored in a bag with Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Gouqi (Lycii Fructus), and Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) soaked in wine, it treats chronic wind diseases lasting ten years. Juice extracted and mixed with honey taken warm treats stroke. Pounded with pig fat and applied to chronic malignant sores and fanhua chuang (flower-reversing sores). Scrape clean with a bamboo knife, steam until cooked, and sun-dry before use; otherwise, it induces vomiting. Contraindications are the same as for the fruit.

That is, Cang'erzi. Avoid pork, horse meat, and rice washing water. Feared by Fusha.

The whole plant (context implies stem/leaves based on description), sweet, bitter, warm. Slightly toxic. Treats wind-damp Bi syndrome affecting the whole body, spasmodic pain in limbs, effectively unblocks the vertex brain, treats Toufeng and dim vision (wind-pathogen induced visual impairment), Biyuan polyps (nasal polyps from sinusitis), luoli, sores, and scabies. Resolves Xi du (toxicity in joints), kills gan worms. Ground into powder with Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen seu Fructus), it treats difficult urination. Stir-fry until ripe, remove spines before use, or soak in wine and steam before use. Roots, stems, and leaves (also known as Changsi Cao, Jiansi Cao.) Avoid pork, horse meat, and rice washing water. Feared by Fusha.

Toxin in bone marrow, pain in lower back and knees. Resolves various toxins. After harvesting, remove the heart, mix finely sliced Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma) with a bamboo knife, steam from Si hour to Hai hour (approx. 09:00-21:00), remove Huangjing, and dry in shade. In summer, extract juice to make paste, store in a new porcelain jar sealed tightly, apply to any Ding abscesses or headless swellings. For toothache, apply to teeth. For Houbi (sore throat/swollen throat), apply to tongue, or hold one or two spoonfuls in mouth for dissolution, which is also good.