（内者，性命之道。经者，载道之书。其书乃黄帝与岐伯鬼臾区伯高少师少俞雷公六
讲求而成。其方高简奥妙，不易测识，今人罕能用之者。然既为古圣之神方，自不得不
以冠于卷首。）
用醇酒二十斤，蜀椒一升，干姜一斤，桂心一斤，渍酒中，浸以绵絮布巾，用生桑炭炙
巾，以熨寒痹所刺之处，灵枢寿夭刚柔篇。（神灵之枢要，是谓灵枢。按汉艺文志曰∶黄帝
内经十八卷，盖灵枢九卷，素问九卷，即内经也。二经各载八十一篇，皆合黄盅九九之数，
而天人之道，尽乎是矣。）黄帝曰∶余闻刺有三变，何谓三变？（按史记，黄帝姓公孙，名
轩辕，有熊国君少典之子，继神农而有天下，都轩辕之邱，以土德王，故号黄帝。）伯高答
曰∶有刺营者，有刺卫者，有刺寒痹之留经者。（刺营者，刺其阴。刺卫者，刺其阳。刺寒
痹者，温其经。三刺不同，故曰三变。）黄帝曰∶刺三变者奈何？伯高答曰∶刺营者出血，
刺卫者出气，刺寒痹者内热。（调经论亦曰∶取血于营，取气于卫，内热义如下文。）黄帝曰∶
营卫寒痹之为病奈何？伯高答曰∶营之生病也，寒热少气，血上下行。（营主血，阴气也。
病在阴分，则阳胜之，故为寒热往来。阴病则阴虚，阴虚则无气，故为少气。邪在血，故为
上下妄行。所以刺营者，当刺其血分。）卫之生病也，气痛，时来时去。怫（音佛）忾（音
戏）。贲响，风寒客于肠胃之中。（卫属阳，为水谷之悍气。病在阳分，故为气痛。气无定形，
故时来时去。怫，郁怒也。忾，太息也。贲响，腹鸣如奔也。皆气分之病。风寒外袭而客于
肠胃之间，以六腑属表，而阳邪归之，故病亦生于卫气。）寒痹之为病也，留而不去，时痛
而痹不仁。（寒痹久留不去，则血脉不行，或凝滞而为痛，或皮肤不知痛痒，而为不仁。）黄
帝曰∶刺寒痹内热奈何？伯高答曰∶刺布衣者，以火淬之。刺大人者，以药熨之。（内热，
谓温其经也。布衣血气涩浊，故当以火淬之，即近世所用雷火针，及艾蒜蒸炙之类。淬音翠，
灼也。）黄帝曰∶药熨奈何？伯高答曰∶用醇酒二十升，蜀椒一升，干姜一斤，桂心一斤。
凡四种，皆 咀，渍酒中。用绵絮一斤，细白布四丈，并纳酒中。置酒马矢 （音愠）中，
盖封涂勿使泄。五日五夜，出布绵絮曝干之。干复渍以尽其汁，每渍必 （音醉）其日，乃
出干。干并用滓（音子）与绵絮，复（音福）布为复巾。长六七尺，为六七巾。则用之生桑
炭，炙巾以熨寒痹所刺之处，令热入至于病所。寒复炙巾以熨之，三十遍而止。汗出以巾拭
身，亦三十遍而止。（ 咀者，谓碎之如大豆。其粒颗可以咀嚼之，又吹去细末，然后煎之，
取其清汁也。渍，浸也。马矢 中者，燃干马屎而煨之也，此西北方所常用者。涂，盐泥封
固也。 ，周日也。复布为贮巾者，重布为巾，如今之夹袋，所以盛贮绵絮药滓也。滓，相
也。炙布以生桑炭者，桑能利关节，除风寒湿痹诸痛也。大人血气清滑，故当于未刺之先，
及既刺之后，但以药熨，则经通汗出，而寒痹可除矣。）起步内中，无见风每刺必熨，如此
病已矣，此所谓内热也。（刺后起步于密室内中，欲其气血行，而慎避风寒也。凡此者，皆
所谓内热之法。）
治之以马膏，膏其急者，以白酒和桂，以涂其缓者。以桑钩钩之，治季春痹。灵枢经筋
篇曰∶足阳明之筋病，足中趾支胫转筋，脚跳坚。（本经之筋，起于中趾，结于跗上。邪外
上行，加于辅骨，上结于膝外廉。其直者上循 ，结于膝也。跳者，跳动。坚者，坚强也。）
伏兔转筋髀前肿， （癫同）疝，腹筋急。（其直者上循伏兔，结于髀聚于阴器，上腹而布
也。）引缺盆及颊，卒口僻。急者目不合，热则筋纵目不开。颊筋有寒则急，引颊移口。有
热则筋弛纵缓不胜收，故僻。（僻，歪斜也。其筋自缺盆，上颈颊。挟口，上合于太阳。太
阳为目上纲，阳明为目下纲。故凡目之不合不开，口之急纵歪僻者，皆足阳明之筋病。寒则
急而热则缓也。）治之以马膏，膏其急者，以白酒和桂，以涂其缓者。以桑钩钩之，即以生
桑炭置之坎中，高下以坐等。以膏熨急颊，且饮美酒，啖（音淡美）炙肉。不饮酒者，自强
也，为之三拊（音府）而已。（马膏，马脂也。口颊 僻，乃风中血脉也。手足阳明之筋络
于口，会太阳之筋络于目。寒则筋急而僻，热则筋缓而纵。故左中寒，则逼热于右。右中寒，
则逼热于左。寒者急而热者缓也，急者皮肤顽痹，营卫凝滞，治法急者缓之，缓者急之。故
用马膏之甘平柔缓，以摩其急，以润其痹，以通其血脉。用桂酒之辛热急束，以涂其缓，以
和其营卫，以通其经络。桑能治风痹，通节窍，以桑钩钩之者，钩正其口也。复以生桑火炭，
置之地坎之中，高下以坐等者，欲其深浅适中，便于坐而得其暖也。然后以前膏熨其急颊，
且饮之美酒，啖之美肉，皆助血舒筋之法。病在上者，酒以行之，甘以助之也。虽不善饮，
亦自强之。三拊而已，言再三拊摩其患处，则病自已矣。）治在燔针劫刺。以知为数，以痛
为轻输，名曰季春痹也。（足阳明正盛之经，应三月之气也。）
以千里水煮秫米半夏汤，治目不瞑，灵枢邪客篇。黄帝问于伯高曰∶夫邪气之客人也，
或令人目不瞑，不卧出者，何气使然。（邪气感人，令人寐无从生，故云不卧出也。）伯高曰∶
五谷入于胃也，其糟粕（音朴）津液宗气，分为三隧（音遂）。故宗气积于胸中，出于喉咙，
以贯心脉而行呼吸焉。（隧，道也。糟粕之道，出于下焦。津液之道，出于中焦。宗气之道，
出于上焦，故分为三隧。喉咙为肺之系，而下贯于心，故通宗气而行呼吸。）营气者，泌其
津液，注之于脉，化以为血，以荣四末，内注五脏六腑，以应刻数焉。（营气出于中焦，中
焦受水谷之精，泌其津液，变化以为血脉。外而四肢，内而脏腑，无所不至。故其营运之数，
与刻数皆相应焉。泌，音秘，泉水貌。）卫气者，出其悍气之剽疾，而先行于四末分肉皮肤
之间，而不休者也。昼行于阳，夜行于阴。常从足少阴之分间，行于五脏六腑。（卫气 疾
滑利，不能入于脉中，故先行于四末分肉皮肤之间而不休者也。昼行于阳，常从足太阳始。
夜行于阴，常从足少阴始。）今厥气客于五脏六腑，则卫气独卫其外，行于阳不得入于阴。
行于阳则阳气盛，阳气盛则阳跻陷，不得入于阴，阴虚，故目不瞑。（邪气逆于脏腑，则卫
气不得入于阴分，故偏盛于阳。阳偏盛，则阳跻陷。陷者，受伤之谓。阳盛阴虚，故目不瞑。
跷有五音，跷、皎、乔、脚、又极虐切。）黄帝曰∶善。治之奈何？伯高曰∶补其不足，泻
其有余。（此刺治之补泻也。补其不足，即阴跷所出，足少阴之照海也。泻其有余，即阳跷
所出，足太阳之申脉也。若阴盛阳虚而多卧者，自当补阳泻阴矣。）调其虚实，以通其道，
而去其邪，饮以半夏汤一剂，阴阳已通，其卧立至。（谓既刺之后，仍当用药以治之。凡不
卧之证，有邪实者，多属外因。有营虚者，多属内因。此半夏汤一法，盖专为邪实者设尔。）
黄帝曰∶善。此所谓决渎壅塞，经络大通，阴阳和得者也，愿闻其方。伯高曰∶其汤方以流
水千里以外者八升，扬之万遍，取其清五升煮之，炊以苇薪。（古今量数不同，大约古之黍
量一斗，合今之铁斛数三升二合。然则云八升者，即今之二升五合六勺。云五升者，即今之
一升六合许尔。）火沸，置秫（音术）米一升，治半夏五合，徐炊，令竭为一升半。（火沸者，
先以火沸其水，而后置药于中也。秫即黄米，乃梁米粟米之小者也。味甘微寒，能利大肠，
治阳盛阴虚，夜不得卧。半夏味辛性温，能和胃散邪，除腹胀，目不得瞑，故并用之。秫米
一升，约今之三合二勺。半夏五合，约今之一合六勺。炊至一升半，约今之四合八勺也。）
去其滓，饮汁一小杯，日三，稍益以知为度。故其病新发者，覆杯则卧，汗出则已矣。久者，
三饮
合豕膏，冷食，治猛疽。灵枢痈疽篇。黄帝曰∶愿尽闻痈疽之形与忌曰名。岐伯曰∶痈
发于嗌中，名曰猛疽。猛疽不治，化为脓，脓不泻，塞咽，半日死，其化为脓者，泻则合豕
膏，冷食，三日已。（猛疽，言为害之急也。若脓已泻，当服豕膏，可以愈之，即猪脂之炼
净者也。万氏方，治肺热暴喑，用猪脂一斤，炼过。入白蜜一斤，再炼少顷，滤净冷定。不
时挑服一匙，即愈。肘后方，治五种疸疾，用猪脂一斤，温热服，日三，当利乃愈。千金方，
治小便不通，猪脂一斤，水二升，煎三沸，饮之立通。治关格闭塞，猪脂姜汁各二升，微火
煎至二升，下酒五合，和煎分服。陈文中方，治痘疮便闭，用肥猪膘一块，水煮热，切如豆
大，与食。自然脏腑滋润，痂 易落，无损于儿。心镜方，治上气咳嗽，猪肪四两，煮百沸，
切和醋酱食之。若无疾服此，最能润肺润肠，即是豕膏之属。老人痰嗽不利，及大肠秘结者
，尤宜用之。）
锉 草根各一升，煮饮，治败疵。灵枢痈疽篇。岐伯曰∶痈发于胁，名曰败疵。败疵
者，女子之病也。灸之，其病大痈脓。治之，其中乃有生肉，大如赤小豆。锉 （音陵）
（同翘）草根各一升，以水一斗六升煮之，竭为取三升，则强饮浓衣，坐于釜上，令汗出至
足已。（ ，芰也。 ，连翘也。二草之根，俱能解毒，故各用一升。大约古之一升，得今
之三合有零，以水一斗六升，煮取三升，其折数类此，马玄台曰∶ 即今之连翘也。以连
翘及草根煮汁以强饮之。）
鸡矢醴，治鼓胀，素问腹中论。（平素所讲问，是谓素问。）黄帝问曰∶有病心腹满，旦
食不能暮食，此为何病？岐伯对曰∶名为鼓胀。（心腹留滞胀满，不能再食，其胀如鼓，故
名鼓胀。）帝曰∶治之奈何？岐伯曰∶治之以鸡矢醴，一剂知，二剂已。（一剂已知其效，二
剂可已其病。王冰云∶本草鸡屎利小便，并不治蛊胀，今方法当用汤渍服之尔。李时珍曰∶
鼓胀生于湿热，亦有积滞成者。鸡屎能下气消积，通利大小便，故治鼓胀有殊功，此岐伯神
方也。醴者，一宿初来之酒醅也。又按范汪方云∶宋青龙中司徒吏颜夺女苦风疾，一髀偏痛，
一人令穿地作坑，取鸡尿荆叶燃之，安胫入坑中熏之，有长虫出，遂愈也。普济方云∶治鼓
胀旦食不能暮食，由脾虚不能制水，水反胜土，水谷不运，气不宣流，故令中满，其脉沉实
而滑，宜鸡矢醴主之。何大英云∶诸腹胀大，皆属于热，精气不得渗入膀胱，别走于腑，溢
于皮里膜外，故成胀满。小便短涩，鸡矢性寒利小便，诚万全不传之宝也。用腊月干鸡矢白
半斤，袋盛，以酒醅一斗，渍七日，温服三杯，日三，或为末服二钱亦可。正传云∶用羯鸡
矢一升，研细，炒焦色，地上出火毒，以百沸汤淋汁，每服一大盏。调木香槟榔末各一钱，
日三服，以平为度。又按医鉴等书云∶用干羯鸡矢八合，炒微焦，入无灰好酒三碗，共煎干
至一半许，用布滤取汁，五更热饮，则腹鸣，辰巳时行二三次，皆黑水也。次日觉足面渐有
绉纹，又饮一次，则渐绉至膝上，而病愈矣。凡鼓胀由于停积及湿热有余者，宜用之，挟虚
者禁之。吴鹤皋曰∶朝宽暮急，病在营血。鸡矢秽物，从阴化，可入营血。）帝曰∶其时有
复发者，何也？（胀病多反复也。）岐伯曰∶此饮食不节，故时有病也。（鼓胀之病，本因停
滞，故不可复纵饮食也。）虽然，其病且已时，故当病气聚于腹也，（言虽是饮食不节，时有
病者，又有病且已之后，其根未尽拔除，病气重聚于腹，亦复发焉。）
治之以兰，除陈气也，治脾瘅，素问奇病论。帝曰∶有病口甘者，病名谓何，何以得之？
岐伯曰∶此五气之溢也，名曰脾瘅。（五气，五味之所化也。瘅，热病也。）夫五味入口，藏
于胃，脾为之行其精气，津液在脾，故令人口甘也。（脾主为胃行其津液者也，故五味入胃，
则津液在脾，脾属土，其味甘，脾热则口甘尔。）此肥美之所发也，此人必数食甘美而多肥
也。肥者令人内热，甘者令人中满，故其气上溢，转为消渴。（肥者味浓助阳，故能生热。
甘者性缓不散，故能留中。热留不去，久必伤阴。其气上溢，故转为消渴之病。）治之以兰
，除陈气也。（兰草性味甘寒，能利水道。辟不祥，除胸中痰癖，其气清香，能生津止渴，
润肌肤，故可除陈积蓄热之气。按兰草俗名省头草，即泽兰之一类二种，有以为即山兰叶，
李时珍辨正之，详载本草从新泽兰下。）
以四乌 骨，一 茹，二物合并，丸以雀卵，饮以鲍鱼汁，治血枯，素问腹中论。帝
曰∶有病胸胁支满者，妨于食，病至则先闻腥臊（音骚）臭，出清液先唾血，四支清，目眩，
("Nei" refers to the fundamental principles of life and nature. "Jing" is the book that records the Great Dao. This work was compiled through joint discussions by the Yellow Emperor and six ministers: Qibo, Guiyuuqu, Bogao, Shaoshi, Shaoyu, and Leigong. The prescriptions in this book are lofty, simple, profound, and subtle, difficult to fathom and recognize; few people nowadays can use them. However, since these are the divine prescriptions of ancient sages, they must naturally be placed at the beginning of the volume.)
Use 20 jin (approx. 10 kg) of pure wine, 1 sheng (approx. 1 L) of Shujiao (Sichuan pepper), 1 jin (approx. 500 g) of Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), and 1 jin of Guixin (Cinnamon Heart). Soak these ingredients in the wine. Soak cotton wadding and linen cloth in the medicated wine. Heat the cloth over charcoal made from fresh mulberry wood, and use it to moxa-iron the sites of cold-bi obstruction where acupuncture points have been selected. (From the chapter *Shou Yao Gang Rou* of the *Ling Shu*: "The pivot of spiritual efficacy is called Ling Shu." According to the *Yi Wen Zhi* of the *Han Shu*, the *Huangdi Neijing* consists of eighteen volumes, comprising nine volumes of *Ling Shu* and nine volumes of *Suwen*, which together constitute the *Neijing*. Both classics contain eighty-one chapters each, conforming to the numerical pattern of the Yellow Emperor's 'nine nines,' encompassing the principles of Heaven and Humanity.)
The Yellow Emperor said: I have heard that there are three variations in acupuncture. What are these three variations? (According to the *Shiji*, the Yellow Emperor's surname was Gongsun, his given name Xuanyuan. He was the son of Shaodian, ruler of Youxiong State. He succeeded Shennong to rule the world, established his capital at Xuanyuan Hill, and reigned with the Virtue of Earth, hence the title Huangdi [Yellow Emperor].)
Bogao replied: There are needlings of the Ying (Nutrient) level, needlings of the Wei (Defensive) level, and needlings for cold-bi stagnating in the meridians. (Needling Ying involves treating the Yin aspect. Needling Wei involves treating the Yang aspect. Treating cold-bi involves warming the meridians. Since the three needling methods differ, they are called the "Three Variations.")
The Yellow Emperor asked: How should one perform these three variations? Bogao replied: Needling Ying causes bleeding; needling Wei releases Qi; treating cold-bi induces internal heat. (The *Tiao Jing Lun* also states: "Take blood from Ying, take Qi from Wei." The meaning of "inducing internal heat" is explained below.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: What are the pathological manifestations of disorders of Ying, Wei, and cold-bi? Bogao replied: When Ying is diseased, symptoms include alternating chills and fever, shortness of breath, and erratic movement of blood upward and downward. (Ying governs blood and belongs to Yin. Disease in the Yin aspect leads to Yang dominance, causing alternating chills and fever. Yin disease leads to Yin deficiency; deficiency results in lack of Qi, causing shortness of breath. Pathogens in the blood level cause erratic blood flow. Therefore, when needling Ying, one should target the blood level.) When Wei is diseased, symptoms include Qi pain that comes and goes intermittently. There may be feelings of oppression and sighing (Fu [oppression], Xi [sighing]). Borborygmus (rumbling in the abdomen) occurs due to Wind-Cold lodging in the stomach and intestines. (Wei belongs to Yang and is the fierce Qi derived from food and drink. Disease in the Yang aspect causes Qi pain. As Qi has no fixed form, the pain is intermittent. Fu denotes depression/anger; Xi denotes deep sighing; Benxiang denotes abdominal rumbling like running water. These are all Qi-level disorders. External Wind-Cold invades and lodges in the stomach and intestines; since the Six Fu organs belong to the exterior, Yang pathogens attach to them, so the disease arises in the Wei Qi.) Cold-bi manifests as stagnation that does not resolve, accompanied by periodic pain and numbness/anesthesia. (Prolonged cold-bi stagnation impedes blood vessels, leading to stasis and pain, or skin anesthesia where pain and itch are not felt.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: How does one induce internal heat when needling cold-bi? Bogao replied: For commoners, use fire-quenching (fire moxibustion). For nobles, use herbal ironing. ("Inducing internal heat" means warming the meridians. Commoners have turbid and sluggish Qi and Blood, so fire-quenching is appropriate, similar to modern Lei Huo Zhen or moxa-garlic steaming. Cui [quench] means burning.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: How is herbal ironing performed? Bogao replied: Use 20 sheng of pure wine, 1 sheng of Shujiao, 1 jin of Ganjiang, and 1 jin of Guixin. All four ingredients should be crushed to the size of soybeans and soaked in the wine. Add 1 jin of cotton wadding and 4 zhang of fine white cloth into the wine. Place the container in fermenting horse manure, seal tightly with mud to prevent leakage. After five days and nights, remove the cloth and cotton, and dry them in the sun. Dry them again by soaking to extract all juice, ensuring each soak lasts a full day before drying. Mix the dried dregs with the cotton wadding, and wrap them in multiple layers of cloth to make pads. Each pad should be 6-7 chi long, making 6-7 pads. Heat these pads over charcoal made from fresh mulberry wood, and use them to iron the acupoints treated for cold-bi, allowing the heat to penetrate to the disease site. Repeat heating and ironing thirty times until finished. Wipe sweat with the cloth thirty times. (Crushing [Ju] means grinding into soybean-sized pieces, blowing away fine powder, and decocting to obtain clear liquid. Zi means soaking. Placing in horse manure involves simmering using burning dry horse dung, a method common in the northwest. Tu means sealing with salt mud. Xun refers to a ten-day period. Fu Bu refers to layered cloth pads, like modern pockets, holding the medicated cotton and dregs. Zi refers to dregs. Fresh mulberry wood charcoal is used because mulberry benefits joints and dispels Wind-Cold-Damp bi pain. Nobles have clear and smooth Qi and Blood, so herbal ironing alone, before and after needling, suffices to unblock meridians, induce sweating, and eliminate cold-bi.) Walk inside a sealed room after treatment, avoiding wind. Every needling session must be accompanied by ironing. In this way, the disease resolves; this is called "inducing internal heat." (Walking in a sealed room promotes Qi and Blood circulation while avoiding Wind-Cold. All these methods constitute the technique of inducing internal heat.)
Treat with horse fat (Ma Gao), applying it to the tense side; mix white wine with cinnamon (Gui), applying it to the flaccid side. Use a mulberry hook to pull and correct the deformity. This treats Bi syndrome occurring in late spring. The *Ling Shu · Jing Jin* chapter states: Disorders of the Foot-Yangming meridian-jin involve support and cramping in the lower leg, jumping and hardness of the foot. (The meridian-jin originates at the middle toe, knots at the dorsum. Pathogens move upward externally, affecting the fibula, and knot at the lateral knee. The straight branch ascends along the thigh [Futu], knotting at the hip and genitalia, spreading to the abdomen.) Traction extends to the supraclavicular fossa and cheek, resulting in sudden facial deviation. Tension prevents eye closure; heat causes flaccidity preventing eye opening. Cold in the cheek tendons causes tension, pulling the mouth; heat causes flaccidity and inability to control muscles, leading to deviation. (Pi means deviation. The tendon runs from the supraclavicular fossa, up the neck and cheek, surrounding the mouth, and connects to the Taiyang channel. Taiyang is the upper eyelid governor; Yangming is the lower eyelid governor. Thus, eye closure/opening issues and mouth tension/flaccidity/deviation are disorders of the Foot-Yangming meridian-jin. Cold causes tension; heat causes flaccidity.) Treat with horse fat on the tense side; apply white wine mixed with cinnamon to the flaccid side. Use a mulberry hook for traction. Place fresh mulberry charcoal in a pit in the ground, adjusted to sitting height. Iron the tense cheek with the ointment, drink good wine, and eat roasted meat. Non-drinkers should force themselves to do so, followed by three massages. (Ma Gao is horse fat. Facial deviation is caused by Wind invading the vessels. Yangming meridians connect to the mouth; Taiyang connects to the eyes. Cold causes tension and deviation; heat causes flaccidity. Left-sided cold forces heat to the right; right-sided cold forces heat to the left. Cold causes tension; heat causes flaccidity. Tense areas have stubborn bi and stagnant Ying/Wei. Treatment follows "relax tension, tighten flaccidity." Horse fat is sweet, neutral, soft, and relaxing, massaging tension, moistening bi, and unblocking vessels. Cinnamon-wine is pungent and hot, tightening flaccidity, harmonizing Ying/Wei, and unblocking meridians. Mulberry treats Wind-bi and opens joints; the hook corrects the mouth. Charcoal provides warmth. Wine promotes circulation; sweetness assists. Even if one cannot drink, forcing it helps. Three massages suffice to cure.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture. Use symptom relief as the indicator for frequency, and use Ashi points (painful points) as acupoints. This is named Late Spring Bi. (Foot-Yangming meridian qi peaks in the third lunar month.)
Decoct Shan Mi (Millet) and Ban Xia (Pinellia) in flowing water from a thousand li away to treat insomnia (Bu Ming Ming). From *Ling Shu · Xie Ke*. The Yellow Emperor asked Bogao: When pathogens invade, why do some people suffer from insomnia and inability to lie down? (Pathogens disrupt sleep generation, hence "unable to lie down.") Bogao replied: When grain enters the stomach, its dregs, fluids, and Zong (Pectoral) Qi divide into three pathways (Sui). Zong Qi accumulates in the chest, exits via the throat, penetrates the heart vessels, and governs respiration. (Sui means pathway. Dregs exit via Lower Jiao; fluids via Middle Jiao; Zong Qi via Upper Jiao. The throat connects to the Lung and descends to the Heart, facilitating Zong Qi and respiration.) Ying Qi secretes fluids, injects them into the vessels, transforms them into blood, nourishes the four extremities, and internally irrigates the Zang-Fu organs, corresponding to the clepsydra time. (Ying Qi arises from Middle Jiao, which extracts essence from food/drink, secretes fluids, and transforms them into blood/vessels. It reaches limbs and organs. Its rhythm matches the clepsydra. Mi means flowing water.) Wei Qi emits its fierce and swift portion, moving first among the extremities, interstices, and skin without rest. It moves in Yang during the day and in Yin at night, often starting from the Foot-Shaoyin division, circulating through the Zang-Fu. (Wei Qi is swift and slippery, unable to enter vessels, thus moving externally first. Day movement starts at Foot-Taiyang; night movement starts at Foot-Shaoyin.) Now, if Jue Qi lodges in the Zang-Fu, Wei Qi guards only the exterior, moving in Yang and unable to enter Yin. Movement in Yang causes Yang excess; Yang excess injures the Yang Qiao vessel, preventing entry into Yin. Yin deficiency results in insomnia. (Pathogenic reversal in Zang-Fu blocks Wei Qi from entering Yin, causing Yang excess. Yang excess injures Yang Qiao. Xian means injury. Yang excess and Yin deficiency cause insomnia. Qiao has five pronunciations: Qiao, Jiao, Qiao, Jiao, and Ji Nüe.) The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. How to treat? Bogao said: Tonify deficiency, drain excess. (This refers to acupuncture tonification and sedation. Tonifying deficiency targets Zhaohai [KI6], the source of Yin Qiao/Foot-Shaoyin. Draining excess targets Shenmai [BL62], the source of Yang Qiao/Foot-Taiyang. If Yin excess/Yang deficiency causes hypersomnia, tonify Yang and drain Yin instead.) Harmonize deficiency and excess, unblock the pathways, and eliminate pathogens. Drink one dose of Ban Xia Tang. Once Yin and Yang are unblocked, sleep returns immediately. (After acupuncture, medication is still required. Insomnia due to pathogenic excess is usually external; due to Ying deficiency, usually internal. Ban Xia Tang is specifically for pathogenic excess.)
The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. This is described as clearing blockages, unblocking meridians, and harmonizing Yin and Yang. I wish to hear the prescription. Bogao said: Use eight sheng of flowing water from a thousand li away, throw it ten thousand times, take five sheng of the clear water for decoction, and cook with reed fire. (Ancient and modern measures differ. Ancient Shi Liang one dou equals approx. 3.2 sheng modern Tie Hu. Thus, eight sheng is approx. 2.56 sheng modern; five sheng is approx. 1.6 sheng modern.) When boiling, add one sheng of Shu Mi (Broomcorn Millet) and five he of Zhi Ban Xia (Prepared Pinellia). Simmer slowly until reduced to one and a half sheng. (Boiling water first, then adding herbs. Shu Mi is broomcorn millet, small-grained sorghum/millet. Sweet, slightly cold, benefits large intestine, treats Yang excess/Yin deficiency insomnia. Ban Xia is pungent, warm, harmonizes Stomach, disperses pathogens, reduces distension, treats insomnia. One sheng Shu Mi is approx. 3.2 he modern; five he Ban Xia is approx. 1.6 he modern. Reduced to 1.5 sheng is approx. 4.8 he modern.) Remove dregs. Drink one small cup, three times daily, gradually increasing until effective. For new onset, sleep comes immediately after drinking; sweating cures it. For chronic cases, drink three times...
Use Shi Gao (Pig Fat), taken cold, to treat Meng Ju (Fierce Abscess). From *Ling Shu · Yong Ju*. The Yellow Emperor said: I wish to know the forms, timing, and names of yong and ju. Qibo said: Yong arising in the throat is named Meng Ju. If untreated, it suppurates. If pus is not drained, it blocks the throat, causing death within half a day. If suppurated, drain it and administer Shi Gao (pig fat), taken cold. Recovery in three days. (Meng Ju indicates rapid danger. If pus is drained, Shi Gao heals it. Shi Gao is refined pig fat. Wan Shi Formula for lung-heat hoarseness: 1 jin pig fat, refined, mixed with 1 jin white honey, refined, filtered, cooled. Take one spoon occasionally. Zhou Hou Fang for jaundice: 1 jin pig fat, warm, three times daily, until bowel movement. Qian Jin Fang for urinary retention: 1 jin pig fat, 2 sheng water, boiled three times, drink for immediate relief. Guan Ge blockage: 2 sheng pig fat, 2 sheng ginger juice, simmer to 2 sheng, add 5 he wine, mix and divide doses. Chen Wenzhong Formula for measles constipation: Boiled pork fat, cut bean-sized, eaten. Moistens organs, aids scab falling. Xin Jing Formula for cough: 4 liang pig fat, boiled, mixed with vinegar/sauce. Preventive use moistens lungs/intestines. Suitable for elderly phlegm-cough and constipation.)
Grind Gen Cao (Licorice Root) and Qiao Cao (Forsythia Root) each 1 sheng, decoct and drink, to treat Bai Ci. From *Ling Shu · Yong Ju*. Qibo said: Yong arising in the hypochondrium is named Bai Ci. Bai Ci is a disease in women. Moxibustion causes large abscesses/pus. Treatment reveals growths the size of red beans. Grind Jie Gen (Water Caltrop Root) and Qiao Cao (Forsythia Root) each 1 sheng. Decoct in 1.6 dou water until reduced to 3 sheng. Drink strongly, wear thick clothes, sit over a cauldron, and induce sweating down to the feet. (Jie is water caltrop; Qiao is forsythia. Both roots detoxify. Ancient 1 sheng is approx. 3+ he modern. Ma Xuantai notes Jie is Forsythia. Decoct roots to strengthen the patient.)
Ji Shi Li (Chicken Dropping Wine), to treat Gu Zhang (Drum Distension). From *Suwen · Fu Zhong Lun*. (Suwen refers to previous questions and answers.) The Yellow Emperor asked: A patient has heart and abdominal fullness, able to eat in the morning but not in the evening. What is this disease? Qibo replied: It is named Gu Zhang. (Stagnation and fullness in heart/abdomen, inability to eat further, swelling like a drum, hence Gu Zhang.) The Emperor asked: How to treat? Qibo replied: Treat with Ji Shi Li. One dose shows effect; two doses cure. (Wang Bing notes: Materia Medica says chicken dropping promotes urination, not gu distension. Current method uses wine infusion. Li Shizhen notes: Gu Zhang arises from Damp-Heat or accumulation. Chicken dropping descends Qi, reduces accumulation, promotes urination/bowel movements, thus effective. Li refers to initial fermented wine. Fan Wang Fang: Song dynasty case of wind-disease leg pain, smoked with chicken urine and bramble leaves, expelled worms. Pu Ji Fang: Gu Zhang due to Spleen deficiency failing to control Water, Water overacting on Earth, food/qi stagnation. Pulse deep, solid, slippery. Ji Shi Li indicated. He Daying notes: Abdominal distension belongs to Heat. Essence fails to enter Bladder, leaks into tissues. Short urine. Chicken dropping is cold/promotes urination. Prescription: Half jin dried chicken dropping white (December), soaked in one dou wine for seven days. Warm drink three cups, three times daily. Or powder, 2 qian. Zheng Chuan: Ram chicken dropping, fried, ashed, steeped in boiling water. Mix with Mu Xiang and Bing Lang powder, 1 qian each, three times daily. Yi Jian: Dried ram dropping, fried, decocted in good wine to half volume. Filter, drink hot at dawn. Abdominal rumbling, black stool passes next day. Wrinkles appear on feet, spread to knees, curing disease. Indicated for accumulation/Damp-Heat; contraindicated for deficiency. Wu Hegao notes: Morning ease/evening urgency indicates Ying/Blood disease. Chicken dropping is foul, transforms via Yin, enters Ying/Blood.) The Emperor asked: Why does it recur? (Distension often recurs.) Qibo replied: Due to irregular diet. (Gu Zhang stems from stagnation; diet must not be indulged.) Although cured, pathogenic Qi may still gather in the abdomen. (Even with dietary regulation, residual root remains; pathogenic Qi re-aggregates, causing recurrence.)
Treat with Lan (Orchid/Ze Lan), to eliminate stale Qi. Treats Pi Dan (Spleen Heat). From *Suwen · Qi Bing Lun*. The Emperor asked: A patient has a sweet taste in the mouth. What is the disease name, and etiology? Qibo replied: This is overflow of Five Qi, named Pi Dan. (Five Qi derives from Five Flavors. Dan means Heat disease.) Five flavors enter the Stomach; the Spleen transports their essence. Fluids accumulate in the Spleen, causing sweet taste. (Spleen transports fluids. Spleen belongs to Earth, flavor sweet. Spleen heat causes sweet taste.) This arises from rich foods. Such patients frequently consume sweet, fatty foods. Fatty foods cause internal heat; sweet foods cause central fullness. Qi overflows upward, transforming into Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst). (Fat aids Yang/Heat; Sweet retains in Middle. Heat injures Yin over time. Upward overflow causes Wasting-Thirst.) Treat with Lan to eliminate stale Qi. (Lan is sweet/cold, promotes urination, dispels evil, removes phlegm-stuffiness, clears heat, generates fluids, moistens skin. Lan is commonly known as Sheng Tou Cao, a type of Ze Lan. Li Shizhen clarifies this in *Bencao Cong Xin*.)
Combine Si parts of Wu Yu Gu (Cuttlefish Bone) and Yi parts of Ruan Ru (Asarum/Ruan Zhu?), pill with Sparrow Eggs, drink with Cuttlefish Juice. Treats Xue Ku (Blood Atrophy). From *Suwen · Fu Zhong Lun*. The Emperor asked: A patient has chest and hypochondriac fullness, difficulty eating, smells fishy/foul odor upon onset, clear nasal discharge, hemoptysis, cold extremities, and vertigo,