婴儿初生至盈月内,常时时旋取猪乳,滴口中佳。(猪儿饮母大便提后脚,离乳急
即得。)
千金论云∶小儿用父故衣,女用母故衣,勿使新绵,切不可过浓,恐令儿壮热,生
痫,皆自此始。(巢氏云∶儿始生,肌肤未成,不可暖衣,暖衣则令筋骨缓弱。宜时见
若不见风日,则令肌肤脆软,便易损伤。婴儿常藏在帷幔之内,重衣温暖。譬如阴地
不见风日,软脆不任风寒。婴儿皆当以故絮着衣,莫用新绵也。天气和暖无风之时,
抱日中嬉戏,数见风日,则令血和气刚,肌肉硬密,堪耐风寒,不致疾病。又当习薄
当从秋习之,不可于春夏卒减其衣,令儿受风寒。冬月但当着夹衣,及衲衣之类,
加以旧绵。人家多爱子,乃以绵衣过浓,适所以为害也。又当消息,无令汗出,汗
损,便受风寒,昼夜寤寐,皆当戒之。)
汤氏曰∶小儿乳哺,须要得法。乳者,奶也。哺者,食也。乳后不得便与食,哺后
便与乳。小儿脾胃怯弱,乳食相并,难以克化。周岁以上,必成乳癖于腹中,作疼作热
病从此起也。(丹溪曰∶小儿肠胃尚脆而窄,若稠粘干硬酸咸甜辣,一切鱼肉水果湿面
煨炒,俱是发热难化之物,皆宜禁绝。只与熟菜白粥,非唯无病,且不从口,可以养德
外生栗味咸,干柿性凉,可为长阴之助。然栗太补,柿太涩,俱为难化,亦宜少与。妇
知,唯务姑息,畏其啼哭,无所不与,积成痼疾,虽悔何及。所以富贵娇养,有子多病
至成人,筋骨柔弱。有食则不能忌口以自养,居丧则不能食素以尽礼。小节不谨,大义
可不慎与。至于乳母,尤宜谨节,饮食下咽,乳汁便通。情欲中动,乳脉便应。病气
汁必凝滞。儿得此乳,疾病立至。不吐则泻,不疮则热。或为口糜,或为惊搐。或为
或为腹痛。病之初来,其溺必少,便须询问,随证治母,母安亦安,可消患于未形也
From birth until the first month is full, pig milk (pig's milk) should be taken frequently and freshly, and dripped into the infant's mouth. (When a suckling pig drinks from its mother, lifting its hind legs allows for easy collection of milk upon weaning.)
The *Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) states: For infants, use old clothes worn by the father; for female infants, use old clothes worn by the mother. Do not use new cotton wadding. It is absolutely crucial not to overdress them, as this may cause intense heat and lead to epilepsy (epilepsy), starting from here. (Chao Yuanfang stated: When an infant is first born, the skin and muscles are not yet formed. One should not dress them warmly, as warmth causes the sinews and bones to become loose and weak. They should be exposed to wind and sunlight occasionally. If they do not see wind or sunlight, their skin and flesh will become brittle and soft, making them susceptible to injury. Infants are often kept inside curtains with heavy clothing for warmth. This is like being in a shady place without wind or sunlight—soft, fragile, and unable to withstand wind and cold. Infants should wear clothes made of old cotton wadding, not new cotton. When the weather is warm and windless, carry the child to play in the sun. Frequent exposure to wind and sunlight will harmonize the blood and qi, make the muscles firm and dense, enable tolerance of wind and cold, and prevent disease. One should also practice dressing lightly, starting from autumn. One must not suddenly reduce clothing in spring and summer, causing the child to suffer from wind and cold. In winter, only padded jackets, quilted garments, and similar items with old cotton should be used. Families often love their children excessively, using overly thick cotton clothing, which is actually harmful. One must adjust appropriately and avoid letting the child sweat, as sweating damages the body's resistance, leading to susceptibility to wind and cold. This caution applies whether awake or asleep.)
Mr. Tang said: Infant feeding and nursing must follow proper methods. "Nursing" refers to milk; "feeding" refers to solid food. After nursing, one must not immediately give food; after feeding, one should immediately nurse. Infants have weak spleen and stomach. If milk and food are ingested together, they are difficult to digest. By the age of one year, this will inevitably lead to the formation of "milk mass" (lactation-induced abdominal mass) in the abdomen, causing pain and fever. The illness originates from this. (Zhu Danxi said: An infant's intestines and stomach are still delicate and narrow. Thick, sticky, dry, hard, sour, salty, sweet, spicy foods, as well as all meat, fish, fruits, wet noodles, baked, and fried foods, are all difficult to digest and generate heat. These should be strictly prohibited. Only cooked vegetables and white rice porridge should be given. This not only prevents disease but also cultivates virtue. Additionally, raw chestnuts are salty in flavor, and dried persimmons are cool in nature, which can assist in nourishing yin. However, chestnuts are too tonifying, and persimmons are too astringent; both are difficult to digest and should be given in small amounts. Ignorant mothers indulge their children out of fear of crying, giving everything they ask for, accumulating chronic diseases. Regret comes too late. Thus, children spoiled by wealth and privilege often fall ill frequently and remain physically weak into adulthood. They cannot abstain from certain foods to maintain health nor eat vegetarian food during mourning to fulfill ritual propriety. If minor details are not observed carefully, how can major principles be treated with caution? As for the wet nurse, she must be particularly disciplined. What she eats enters her milk directly. Emotional desires affect her milk channels. Pathogenic qi entering the milk becomes stagnant. If the infant receives this milk, disease strikes immediately. Symptoms include vomiting or diarrhea, sores or fever, stomatitis (mouth ulcers), convulsions, or abdominal pain. At the onset of illness, urine output is necessarily low. One must inquire carefully and treat the mother according to the syndrome. If the mother is well, the infant is well. This way, disaster can be eliminated before it manifests.)