味辛、甘，温、大温，有大毒。主大风，寒湿痹，历节痛，拘挛缓急，破积聚，邪气，
金创，强筋骨，轻身，健行。
疗头面风去来疼痛，心腹结积，关节重，不能行步，除骨间痛，长
作不倦，又堕胎。一名白幕。
生少室山谷。二月采根，阴干。
远志为之使，恶腐婢。今采用八月中旬。天雄似附子，细而长者便是，长者乃至三、四
寸许，此与乌头、附子三种，
本并出建平，谓为三建。今宜都 山最好，谓为西建。钱塘间者
相似，故曰西水犹胜东白也。
其用灰杀之时，有冰强者并不佳。
〔谨案〕天雄、附子、乌头等，并以蜀道绵州、龙州出者佳。余处纵有造得者，气力劣弱
，都不相似。江南来者，全不堪用。陶以三物俱出建平故名之，非也。按国语置堇于肉，注
云乌头也。《尔雅》云∶芨，堇草。郭注云∶乌头苗也，此物本出蜀汉，其本名堇，今讹为
建，遂以建平释之。又石龙芮
叶似堇草，故名水堇。今复说为水茛，亦作建音，此岂复生建平耶
言《本草音义》亦论之。天雄、
附子、侧子并同用八月采造。其乌头四月上旬，今云二月采，恐非时也。
味辛、甘，温、大热，有大毒。主风寒咳逆，邪气，温中，金创，破症坚积聚，血瘕，
寒湿 ，拘挛膝痛，不能
行走。疗脚疼冷弱，腰脊风寒，心腹冷痛，霍乱转筋，下痢赤白，
坚肌骨，强阴。又堕胎，为百药长。生犍为山谷及广汉。八月采为附子，春采为乌头。
地胆为之使，恶蜈蚣，畏防风、黑豆、甘草、黄 、人参、乌韭。附子以八月上旬采也，
八
热灰炮令拆，勿过焦，惟姜附汤生用之。俗方动用附子，皆须甘草，
或人参、干姜相配者，正以制其毒故也。
[Tianxiong (Heavenly Male)]
Pungent, sweet, warm or greatly warm, highly toxic. Primarily treats severe wind diseases, bi-syndrome caused by cold-dampness, li-jie pain (severe joint pain), spasms and flaccidity, breaks up accumulations and eliminates pathogenic factors, treats metal wounds, strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body, and enhances locomotion.
Treats migratory pain in the head and face caused by wind, nodules and accumulations in the heart and abdomen, heaviness of joints, inability to walk, removes pain between the bones, allows for prolonged exertion without fatigue, but induces abortion. Also known as Baimu.
Grows in the valleys of Mount Shaoshi. Roots are harvested in the second lunar month and dried in the shade.
Polygala root (Yuanzhi) acts as an guiding herb; it dislikes Corchorus capsularis (Fubi). Currently, harvesting is done in the eighth lunar month. Tianxiong resembles Fuzi; the slender and long ones are identified as Tianxiong, with some reaching three or four cun in length. These three varieties—Tianxiong, Wutou, and Fuzi—all originally originated from Jianping and were referred to as the "Three Jians." Currently, those from Yidu Mountain are considered the best, termed "West Jian." Those from the Qiantang area are similar, hence it is said that West Jian surpasses East Bai [Fuzi]. When processing with lime to reduce toxicity, those with ice-like crystals are not desirable.
[Verification] Tianxiong, Fuzi, and Wutou are best when sourced from Mianzhou and Longzhou along the Shu Road. Even if produced elsewhere, their potency is weak and they do not resemble authentic specimens. Those from Jiangnan are completely unsuitable for use. Tao Hongjing named them based on the assumption that all three originate from Jianping, which is incorrect. According to the *Guoyu*, "placing Jin in meat," the annotation states that Jin refers to Wutou. The *Erya* states: "Ji is Jin grass." Guo Pu's annotation clarifies: "The sprout of Wutou is Ji." This herb originally came from Shu and Han regions; its original name was Jin, which later evolved into the pronunciation "Jian," leading to the interpretation using Jianping. Additionally, *Ranunculus japonicus* (Shilongrui) has leaves resembling Jin grass, thus named Shuijin (Water Jin). It is now also referred to as Shuilang, pronounced similarly to "Jian," raising the question of whether it grows in Jianping. This issue is also discussed in the *Bencao Yinyi*. Tianxiong, Fuzi, and Cizi are all harvested and processed in the eighth lunar month. However, Wutou is harvested in the early fourth lunar month; claiming harvest in the second lunar month is likely incorrect regarding the proper season.
[Fuzi (Lateral Root of Aconitum carmichaelii)]
Pungent, sweet, warm or greatly hot, highly toxic. Primarily treats cough and reverse qi due to wind-cold, eliminates pathogenic factors, warms the middle jiao, treats metal wounds, breaks up hard accumulations and blood masses (Xuejia), relieves knee spasms and pain caused by cold-dampness, and restores mobility. Treats cold weakness and pain in the feet, wind-cold affecting the waist and spine, cold pain in the heart and abdomen, cholera with muscle cramps, dysentery with red and white discharge, firms the muscles and bones, and strengthens Yin. It can also induce abortion and is regarded as the "Chief of Hundred Herbs." Grows in the valleys of Qianwei and Guanghan. Harvested in the eighth lunar month to produce Fuzi; harvested in spring to produce Wutou.
Bupleurum chinense (Dichang) acts as a guiding herb; it dislikes centipedes (Wugong); it fears Saposhnikovia divaricata (Fangfeng), black soybeans (Heidou), licorice (Gancao), Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin), ginseng (Renshen), and Allium victorialis (Wujiu). Fuzi is harvested in the early eighth lunar month, roasted in hot ashes until it cracks, being careful not to burn it too thoroughly. Only in Ginger-Fuzi Decoction (Jiangfu Tang) is it used raw. In common prescriptions, Fuzi must be combined with licorice, or paired with ginseng and dried ginger, precisely to mitigate its toxicity.