味辛、苦，寒、微寒，有毒。主蛊毒，咳逆，泄痢，肠 ，头疡，疥瘙，恶疮，杀诸虫
毒，去死肌。疗 逆，喉痹
不通，鼻中息肉，马刀，烘疮。不入汤。一名葱苒，一名葱 ，一名山葱。生太山山谷。三
月采根，阴干。
黄连为之使，反细辛、芍药、五参，恶大黄。近道处处有。根下极似葱而多毛。用之止
剔取根，微炙之。
味甘，平，无毒。主心腹积聚，除三虫。生山谷，二月采。
状如小芋子，肉白皮黄，近道亦有。
〔谨案〕赭魁，大者如斗，小者如升，叶似杜衡，
蔓
所说者，乃土卵尔，不堪药用。梁、汉人名为黄独，蒸食之，非赭魁也。
味苦，平，有毒。主诸恶疮，疥痂， 蚀，及牛马诸疮。
今人多用以合疗疥膏，甚验也。
〔谨案〕此草一茎，茎头四叶，叶隙着白花，好生山
谷阴虚软地，根似细辛而黑，
有毒，入口使人吐，而今以当杜衡非也。疥瘙必须用之。
味辛、甘、温、大热，有大毒。主中风，恶风，洗洗出汗，除寒湿痹，咳逆上气，破积
聚寒热。消胸上痰冷，食不
下，心腹冷疾，脐间痛，肩胛痛不可俯仰，目中痛不可力视。又堕
禽兽。射罔，味苦，有大毒。
疗尸疰症坚，及头中风痹痛。一名奚毒，一名即子，一名乌喙。乌喙，味辛，微温，有大毒。
主风湿，丈夫肾湿，阴囊
痒，寒热历节，掣引腰痛，不能步行，痈肿脓结。又堕胎。生朗陵川谷。正月、二月采，阴
干。长三寸以上为天雄。
莽草为之使，反半夏、栝蒌、贝母、白蔹、白芨，恶藜芦。
今采用四月乌头与附子同根，春
状如牛角，名乌喙，喙即
鸟之口也
〔谨案
也。此物同苗或有三歧者，然两歧者少。纵天雄、附子有两歧者，仍依本名。如乌头有两歧，
即名乌喙，天雄、附子若
有两歧者，复云何名之？
[Lilü]
Taste: acrid, bitter. Nature: cold, slightly cold. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: main treatment for gu poison (parasitic disease), cough with counterflow qi (cough and asthma), diarrhea and dysentery, intestinal parasites, head sores, scabies and pruritus, malignant sores, killing various insect toxins, removing dead muscle tissue. Treatment of hiccup, throat obstruction (bi syndrome of the throat) with blockage, nasal polyps, mar knife (scrofula), fire sores. Not used in decoctions. Also known as Congran, also known as Cong, also known as Shancong. Grows in the valleys of Mount Tai. Roots are harvested in March and dried in the shade.
Rhizoma Coptidis (Huanglian) serves as its guiding herb (zhi shi). It is incompatible with Radix Asari (Xixin), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Shaoyao), and the five Ginsengs (Wushen). It is antagonistic to Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang). It grows everywhere in nearby regions. The root resembles green onion but is very hairy. When used, only the root should be extracted and lightly roasted.
[Zhe Kui]
Taste: sweet. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: main treatment for accumulation and mass in the heart and abdomen, expelling three types of parasites. Grows in valleys, harvested in February.
Shape resembles small taro, white flesh and yellow skin, also found in nearby regions.
[Note] Zhe Kui, the large ones are like a dou (unit of volume), the small ones like a sheng (unit of volume), leaves resemble Houttuynia cordata (Du Heng), creeping vine. What is described here is actually Tu Luan, which is unsuitable for medicinal use. People in Liang and Han regions call it Huang Du, steamed for food; this is not Zhe Kui.
[Du Heng]
Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: main treatment for various malignant sores, scabies crusts, erosive ulcers, and various sores on cattle and horses.
Nowadays, people often use it to compound ointments for treating scabies, which is very effective.
[Note] This herb has one stem with four leaves at the top, white flowers blooming between the leaf axils, prefers growing in shady, soft soil in mountain valleys. The root resembles Radix Asari (Xi Xin) but is black. It is toxic and causes vomiting if taken orally. Using it as Du Heng now is incorrect. Scabies and pruritus must use this herb.
[Wutou]
Taste: acrid, sweet. Nature: warm, extremely hot. Toxicity: highly toxic. Indications: main treatment for wind-stroke, aversion to wind, chilly sweating, dispelling cold-damp bi syndrome, cough with counterflow qi, breaking up accumulations causing cold and heat. Resolves phlegm-cold in the chest, difficulty in swallowing, cold diseases of the heart and abdomen, pain around the navel, shoulder blade pain preventing flexion and extension, eye pain preventing forceful vision. Also causes abortion in animals.
She Wang, taste: bitter. Toxicity: highly toxic.
Indications: treats corpse transmission (tuberculosis-like wasting disease) with hardness, and wind-stroke bi pain in the head. Also known as Xi Du, also known as Ji Zi, also known as Wu Hui.
Wu Hui, taste: acrid. Nature: slightly warm. Toxicity: highly toxic.
Indications: main treatment for wind-dampness, kidney dampness in men, scrotal itching, alternating chills and fever in joints (li jie), pulling lower back pain, inability to walk, carbuncles with pus formation. Also causes abortion. Grows in Langling river valleys. Harvested in January and February, dried in the shade. Those longer than three cun are called Tian Xiong.
Radix Siegesbeckiae (Mang Cao) serves as its guiding herb (zhi shi). It is incompatible with Rhizoma Pinelliae (Ban Xia), Fructus Trichosanthis (Gua Lou), Radix Bletillae (Be Mu), Radix Ampelopsis (Bai Lian), Bulbus Coeliae (Bai Ji). It is antagonistic to Lilü.
Currently, Wutou harvested in April shares the same root as Fuzi. In spring, the shape resembles an ox horn, named Wu Hui; "hui" means bird's beak.
[Note] This plant may have stems branching into three, but two branches are rare. Even if Tian Xiong or Fuzi have two branches, they retain their original names. If Wutou has two branches, it is named Wu Hui. What would Tian Xiong or Fuzi be called if they had two branches?