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[Nuwan (Female Gentian Root)]
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats chills caused by wind-cold, cholera, diarrhea and dysentery, borborygmus with pain migrating up and down without a fixed location, convulsions and epilepsy, and various diseases accompanied by aversion to cold and fever; treats cough and air rebellion with sweating due to lung injury, distension and fullness in the bladder caused by long-standing cold, and diseases triggered by drinking alcohol and eating at night. Also known as Baiwan, also known as Zhinvwan, also known as Mao. Grows in river valleys or sunny slopes in Hanzhong. Harvested in the first and second lunar months, dried in the shade.
Incompatible with halogenated salts. Recently, medical prescriptions have ceased using it. It is rarely found in markets, and its use is nearly extinct. Additionally, there is another plant called Baiwan that resembles Ziwann (Asteris Tatarici Radix et Rhizoma), which is not an alias for this Nuwan.
[Note] Baiwan is indeed Nuwan, with no other varieties. In the "Named but Unused" section of the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, an entry was fabricated out of thin air; when Ziwann is unavailable, it can be used as a substitute, as their efficacy is similar.

[Zelan (Eupatorium Herb)]
Bitter, sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats internal bleeding in postpartum women, residual symptoms after stroke, massive abdominal edema, edema of the body, face, and four limbs, water accumulation in joints, abscesses and pus from metal wounds (Jinchuang). Used for internal blockage from metal wounds after childbirth. Also known as Hulan, also known as Longzao, also known as Hupu. Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fangji) serves as its guiding herb/auxiliary agent. It is now available everywhere, mostly growing in damp lowlands. The leaves have a slight fragrance and can be decocted for oil, or grown near marshes, hence the name Zelan. It is also called Duliangxiang and can be used to prepare bathing decoctions. Many households cultivate it, though the leaves may vary slightly. Currently, there is another plant in the mountains that looks very similar: the stem is square, the leaves are smaller and tougher, and it lacks strong fragrance. Although it is stated that the mountain variety is not the authentic one, herbalists still adopt it.
[Note] Zelan has a square stem and purple nodes; its leaves resemble those of Lancao (Elsholtziae Haplostachyos Herba) but lack fragrance. The variety currently used in the capital region is correct. Tao Hongjing claimed that Duliangxiang is actually Lancao, commonly known as Lanxiang, which is boiled for bathing. It also grows by the water's edge and is cultivated by households; it has white flowers, purple calyxes, and round stems, which is completely different from Zelan. Tao's annotation on Lancao, stating it is also named Duliangxiang, indicates a lack of deep understanding.

[Diyu (Sanguisorba Root)]
Bitter, sweet, sour, slightly cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats breast pain in women, seven types of injuries, leukorrhea, pain relief, removal of necrotic tissue, cessation of sweating, treatment of heat sores, resolution of alcohol toxicity, relief of polydipsia, tonification of severe trauma, internal blockage postpartum, and can be prepared as a plaster for metal wounds. Grows in the valleys of Tongbai and Wanqu. The roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and sun-dried.
Effective when combined with human hair; incompatible with Ophiopogonis Radix (Maimendong). It is now found everywhere along nearby roads. The leaves resemble elm leaves but are longer; when young, they spread flat on the ground. The seeds are purplish-black like fermented soybeans (douchi), hence the name Yuchi. A single stem grows straight upward, and the root can also be used to brew wine. Daoist formulas burn it into ash, which can corrode stone. When tea is scarce, the leaves can be used as a beverage, which is also good.
[Note] According to the *Jingdian Shiwen*: 1. Excessive red discharge (leukorrhea with blood); 2. Excessive white discharge; 3. Amenorrhea; 4. Genital erosion; 5. Hard uterus; 6. Deviated cervical os; 7. Pain during intercourse; 8. Cold pain in the lower abdomen; 9. Closed cervical os; 10. Cold uterus; 11. Dream coitus; 12. Instability of the five zang organs. Using the leaves as a tea substitute effectively clears heat.