味苦，平，无毒。主五脏邪气，寒湿痹，四肢疼酸，膝冷痛，疗百病，益气。吴名白功
草，楚名王孙，齐名长孙，
一名黄孙，一名黄昏，一名海孙，一名蔓延。生海西川谷及汝南城郭垣下。
今方家皆呼名黄昏，又云牡蒙，市人亦少识者。
〔谨案〕《短剧》述本草牡蒙，一名
王孙。《药对》有牡蒙，无王
孙。此则一物明矣。又主金疮破血，生肌肉，止痛，赤白痢，补虚益气，除脚肿，发阴阳也。
味咸，寒，无毒。主腰脊痛，不得着床，俯仰艰难，除热，可作浴汤。生汉中川谷及田
野
〔谨案〕此草似香 ，叶
长而大，或如荏且细，生平泽熟田近道旁，甚疗血胀，下气，又主杖疮，汁涂立瘥，俗名赤
眼老母草。
味甘，微温，无毒。主胸胁逆气，咳嗽上气。
此药出近道，似细辛而大，色白易折。主气嗽方多用之。
〔谨案〕此药叶似柳，或似芫
花
上。根白，长于细辛，味甘，俗以酒渍服，主上气。不生近道，
俗名石蓝，又名嗽药。今用蔓生者味苦，非真也。
微温，有小毒。主咳嗽上气。
山野处处有。根数十相连，似天门冬而苦强，亦有小毒。火炙酒渍饮之。疗咳嗽，亦主
去虱。煮作汤，洗牛犬虱即
去。《博物志》云∶九真有一种草似百部，但长大尔。悬火上令干
汁，勿令人知，疗暴嗽甚良，
名为嗽药。疑此是百部，恐其土肥润处，是以长大尔。
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats pathogenic factors of the five zang organs (Five Zang Organs), bi-syndrome caused by cold-dampness, pain and soreness of the four limbs, cold pain in the knees, cures various diseases, and tonifies qi (Vital Energy). In the Wu region, it is called Baigong Cao (White Merit Grass); in the Chu region, it is called Wangsun (Royal Grandson); in the Qi region, it is called Changsun (Long Grandson). It is also known as Huangsun (Yellow Grandson), Hunhun (Twilight), Haision (Sea Grandson), and Manyan (Spreading Vine). It grows in the valleys of Hexi and beneath the city walls of Runan. Currently, practitioners all call it Hunhun, and also refer to it as Mumeng (Male Monkey), though few people in the market recognize it.
[Verification] The *Duanju* text states that Mumeng in materia medica has an alias Wangsun. The *Yaodui* mentions Mumeng but not Wangsun. This clearly indicates they are the same substance. Furthermore, it treats traumatic injuries with bleeding, promotes tissue regeneration, alleviates pain, treats dysentery with red or white discharge, tonifies deficiency and qi, eliminates pedal edema, and harmonizes yin and yang.
Salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats lower back and spinal pain, inability to lie flat, difficulty in bending and stretching, clears heat, and can be used as a bath decoction. It grows in the valleys of Hanzhong and in fields.
[Verification] This herb resembles Xiangru (Elsholtzia Herb), with long and large leaves, or sometimes like Ren (Perilla Seed) but finer. It grows in plains, marshes, cultivated fields near roadsides. It is highly effective for treating blood distension, directing qi downward, and primarily treats whip marks/wounds; applying its juice leads to immediate healing. Its common name is Chiyan Laomu Cao (Red-Eyed Old Mother Grass).
Sweet in flavor, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats rebellious qi in the chest and hypochondrium, coughing with upward rushing qi. This drug is found near roadsides, resembling Xixin (Asarum Root) but larger, white in color and brittle. It is frequently used in formulas for treating qi-type coughs.
[Verification] The leaves of this herb resemble willow leaves, or parts of Yuanhua (Kadsura Flower). The root is white, longer than Xixin, sweet in taste, and commonly soaked in wine for consumption to treat upward rushing qi. It does not grow near roadsides. Its common name is Shilan (Stone Indigo), also known as Souyao (Cough Medicine). Currently, the creeping variety is used, which tastes bitter, and is not the authentic drug.
Slightly warm in nature, slightly toxic. Primarily treats coughing with upward rushing qi. It is found everywhere in mountains and wilds. The roots consist of dozens connected together, resembling Tiandong (Asparagus Tuber) but with a stronger bitter taste, and also possesses slight toxicity. It is roasted over fire, soaked in wine, and drunk. It treats coughs and also removes lice. Boiled into a decoction, washing cattle and dogs with it removes lice. The *Bowuzhi* states: In Jiuzhen, there is a grass similar to Bubu (Stemona Root), only larger. Hanging it over fire to dry and extracting the juice, without letting others know, is very effective for treating sudden coughs, named Souyao. I suspect this is indeed Bubu, perhaps because the soil is fertile and moist, causing it to grow larger.