味辛，温。主风寒洒洒，霍乱，泄痢，肠鸣游气上下无常，惊痫寒热百病，出汗。《李
氏本草》云∶止下，消食。
其叶似白蔹，蔓生，花白，子细，荆襄之间名为女萎，亦名蔓楚，止痢有效。用苗不用
根，与萎蕤全别。今太常谬
以为白头翁者是也。（新附）
味辛，寒，无毒。主阴痿，绝伤，茎中痛，利小便，益气力，强志。坚筋骨，消瘰 ，
赤痈，下部有疮洗出虫，丈
夫久服，令人无子。一名刚前。生上郡阳山山谷。
薯蓣为之使。服此使人好为阴阳。西川北部有淫羊，一日百遍合，盖食藿所致，故名淫
羊藿。
〔谨案〕此草，叶形似
小豆而圆薄，茎细亦坚，所在皆有，俗名仙灵脾者是也。
味甘，平、温，无毒。主皮肤寒热，胃中热气，风寒湿痹，坚筋骨，令人嗜食。止心烦
满，利大小便，长肌肤肥大
久服轻身。花叶去白虫，疗喉痹，多服令人溏泄。一名荔实，一名剧草，一名三坚，一名豕
首。生河东川谷，五月采实，
阴干。
方药不复用，俗无识者，天名精亦名豕首也。
〔谨案〕此即马蔺子也。《月令》云∶荔挺
出
《说文》云∶荔似蒲根，可为刷。《通俗文》∶一名马蔺。《本经
》一名荔实。子疗金疮、血内流、痈肿等病，有效。
味辛、甘，温，无毒。主咳逆上气善喘，喉痹，诸惊痫，寒热，邪气。消渴，喘
息呼吸。一名橐吾，一名颗东，一名虎须，一名菟奚，一名氐冬。生常山山谷及上党水旁。
十一月采花，阴干。
杏仁为之使，得紫菀良，恶皂荚、硝石、玄参，畏贝母、辛荑、麻黄、黄 、黄芩、黄
连、青葙。 第一出河北，
其形如宿 未舒者佳，其腹里有丝。次出高丽百济，其花乃似大菊花。次亦出蜀北部宕昌，
而并不如。其冬月在冰下生，
十二月、正月旦取之。
〔谨案〕今出雍州南山溪水及华州山谷涧间。叶似葵而大，丛生，
花出根下。
[Nüwei (Clematis Root)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats chills and shivering due to wind-cold, cholera-like syndrome, diarrhea and dysentery, borborygmus, and wandering qi moving irregularly up and down. It also treats epilepsy with fright, hundred diseases accompanied by alternating cold and heat, and induces sweating. *Li's Materia Medica* states: it stops lower discharge and aids digestion.
Its leaves resemble those of *Ampelopsis japonica* (Bailian), it grows as a vine, bears white flowers, and has small seeds. In the Jingzhou and Xiangyang regions, it is called "Nüwei" or "Manchu," and is effective for stopping dysentery. The herb used is the sprout, not the root, which is completely different from *Polygonatum odoratum* (Weirui). Currently, the Court Music Bureau erroneously identifies this as *Pedicularis resupinata* (Baitouweng). (Newly added entry)
[Yinyanghuo (Epimedium Herb)]
Pungent in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats impotence, severe injuries, pain in the urethra, promotes urination, benefits qi and strength, strengthens willpower, and consolidates sinews and bones. It eliminates scrofula (Luo Li), red abscesses, and when washing sores in the lower body, expels parasites. Long-term use by men leads to infertility. Also known as "Gangqian." Grows in the valleys of Yangshan, Shangjun.
*Dioscorea opposita* (Shuyu) serves as its guiding drug. Taking this herb makes one prone to sexual intercourse. In the northern part of Sichuan, there is a type of yin-yang sheep that mates a hundred times a day, likely due to eating *Lespedeza* leaves, hence the name Yinyanghuo.
[Su Gong's Note] This herb has leaves resembling those of adzuki beans but rounder and thinner; the stem is thin and tough. It is found everywhere. The common name "Xianlingspi" refers to this plant.
[Lishi / Malinzi (Iris Tectori Semen)]
Sweet in flavor, neutral or warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats exterior cold-heat sensations, heat in the stomach, bi-syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness, consolidates sinews and bones, and increases appetite. It stops mental restlessness and fullness, promotes urination and bowel movements, and nourishes skin and flesh. Long-term use makes the body light. Flowers and leaves remove intestinal worms and treat throat obstruction (Hou Bi); excessive use causes loose stools. Also known as "Lishi," "Jucuo," "Sanjian," and "Shishou." Grows in the valleys of Hedong. Harvest fruits in May and dry in shade.
It is no longer used in prescriptions, and laypeople do not recognize it. *Tianmingjing* is also called "Shishou."
[Su Gong's Note] This is actually *Iris tectori* seed (Malinzi). *The Monthly Ordinances* states: "Lizi emerges." *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Lishi resembles cattail roots and can be used as a brush." *Tongsu Wen* states: also named "Malin." *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: also named "Lishi." Its seed effectively treats traumatic injuries, internal bleeding, and carbuncles/swellings.
[Kuandonghua (Coltsfoot Flower)]
Pungent and sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, frequent wheezing, throat obstruction, various types of fright epilepsy, cold-heat conditions, and pathogenic factors. It treats thirst (Xiaoke) and rapid breathing/wheezing. Also known as "Tuowu," "Kedong," "Huxu," "Tuxi," and "Didong." Grows in the valleys of Changshan and near waters in Shangdang. Harvest flowers in November and dry in shade.
*Prunus armeniaca* kernel (Xingren) serves as its guiding drug. It pairs well with *Aster tataricus* (Ziwan). It is incompatible with *Gleditsia sinensis* pod (Zaojiao), saltpeter (Xiaoshi), and *Scrophularia ningpoensis* (Xuanshen). It fears *Fritillaria cirrhosa* (Beimu), *Magnolia biondii* bud (Xinyi), *Ephedrae Herba* (Mahuang), *Astragali Radix* (Huangqi), *Scutellariae Radix* (Huangqin), *Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian), and *Celosiae Semen* (Qingxiang). The best quality originates from Hebei, where the shape resembles unopened buds is preferred, containing silk inside. Secondary quality comes from Goryeo and Baekje, where flowers resemble large chrysanthemums. Tertiary quality comes from Dangchang in northern Shu, but none compare to the former. It grows under ice in winter; harvest on New Year's Day in December or January.
[Su Gong's Note] Currently produced in the streams south of Yongzhou and in the ravines of Huazhou valleys. Leaves are larger than those of mallow (*Malva verticillata*), grow in clumps, and flowers emerge from the base of the root.