味辛，温、大热，无毒。主胸满咳逆上气，温中，止血，出汗，逐风湿痹，肠 下痢。
寒冷腹痛，中恶，霍乱，胀
满，风邪诸毒，皮肤间结气，止唾血。生者尤良。疗风下气，止血，宣诸络脉，微汗。久服
令眼暗。
生姜，味辛，微温。主伤寒头痛鼻塞，咳逆上气，止呕吐。久服去臭气，通神明。生犍
为川谷及荆州、扬州，九月采。
秦椒为之使，杀半夏、莨菪毒，恶黄芩、黄莲、天鼠粪。
干姜今惟出临海、章安，两三村解作之。蜀汉姜旧美，荆州有好姜，而并不能作干者。
凡作干姜法，水淹三日毕，去皮置流水中六日，更去皮，然后晒干，置瓮缸中，谓之酿也。
味辛、苦，温、微温、微寒，无毒。主妇人疝瘕，阴中寒肿痛，腹中急，除风头痛，长
肌
疗风邪 曳，金疮，可作沐药面脂。实主风流四肢。一名鬼卿，
山山谷。正月、二月采根，
曝干，三十日成。
恶 茹。俗中皆用芎 根须，其形气乃相类。而《桐君药录》说芎 苗似 木，论说花
实皆
东山别有 本，形气甚相似，惟长大尔。
〔谨案〕蒿本，茎、叶、根、味与芎 小别，以其
根上苗下似 根，故名 本。
今出宕州者，佳也。
味苦，温、微温，无毒。主中风伤寒头痛，温疟，发表出汗，去邪热气，止咳逆上气，
除寒热，破症坚积聚。五脏
邪气缓急，风胁痛，字乳余疾，止好唾，通腠理，疏伤寒头疼，解肌，泄邪恶气，消赤黑斑
毒。不可多服，令人虚。一
名卑相，一名龙沙，一名卑盐。生晋地及河东川谷。立秋采茎，阴干令青。
浓朴为之使，恶辛荑、石苇。 今出青州、彭城、荣阳、中牟者为胜，色青而多沫。蜀
中亦有，不好。用之折除节，
节止汗故也。先煮一两沸，去上沫，沫令人烦。其根亦止汗。夏月杂粉用之。俗用疗伤寒，
解肌第一。
〔谨案〕郑州、鹿台及关中沙苑河旁沙洲上太多，其青徐者，今不复用。同州沙苑最多
也。
[Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger)]
Pungent in taste, warm and extremely hot in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats chest fullness, cough with rebellious qi ascending, warms the middle jiao, stops bleeding, induces sweating, expels wind-damp bi syndrome, and treats intestinal dysentery.
[Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger)] is used for abdominal pain caused by cold, sudden attack of evil qi, cholera-like disorder, distension and fullness, various toxins from wind pathogen, qi knotting in the skin, and stopping spitting blood. The fresh form is particularly effective. It treats wind-induced downward movement of qi, stops bleeding, unblocks all collateral vessels, and induces slight sweating. Long-term consumption leads to dim vision.
Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), pungent in taste, slightly warm in nature. Primarily treats headache and nasal congestion due to Shanghan (Cold Damage), cough with rebellious qi ascending, and stops vomiting. Long-term consumption removes foul odor and clarifies the spirit. Grows in Jianwei Chuan Valley, Jingzhou, and Yangzhou; harvested in the ninth lunar month.
Qinjiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) acts as its guiding herb; it neutralizes the toxicity of Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) and Langdang (Datura Seed); it is incompatible with Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), and Tianshu Fen (Sky Rat Droppings).
Currently, Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) is only produced in Linhai and Zhang'an, where only two or three villages manufacture it. Ginger from Shu and Han was historically excellent, and Jingzhou has good ginger, but neither can be processed into dried ginger.
The method for making Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger): soak in water for three days, remove the skin, place in flowing water for six days, remove the skin again, then sun-dry, and store in earthenware jars; this process is called "niang" (fermentation/marinating).
[Xiongqiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong)]
Pungent and bitter in taste, warm, slightly warm, and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats hernia and mass accumulation in women, cold and painful swelling in the yin region, abdominal urgency, dispels wind-induced headache, promotes muscle growth, treats wind-pathogen traction syndromes, traumatic injuries (Jinchuang), and can be used as a wash medicine or facial cream. The fruit primarily treats wind disorders in the four limbs. Also known as Guiqing.
Grows in mountain valleys. Roots are harvested in the first and second lunar months, sun-dried, and processed over thirty days.
Incompatible with Ru grass. In common practice, the rootlets of Xiongqiong are often used, which are similar in shape and qi/flavor. However, *Tongjun Yaolu* states that the sprout of Xiongqiong resembles Zuo wood, and discusses that the flowers and fruits... [Text fragment missing]. There is another herb named Bencao from Dongshan, very similar in shape and qi/flavor, only larger.
[Note] Haoben (Notopterygium Root), in terms of stem, leaf, root, and taste, differs slightly from Xiongqiong. Because the sprout above the root resembles the root of Xiongqiong, it is named Haoben.
Those produced in Dangzhou are of superior quality.
[Mahuang (Ephedra)]
Bitter in taste, warm and slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats headache due to Zhongfeng (Wind Strike) and Shanghan (Cold Damage), Wen Nue (Warm Malaria), releases the exterior and induces sweating, eliminates pathogenic heat, stops cough with rebellious qi ascending, dispels cold and heat, breaks up masses and hard accumulations. Relieves urgency caused by pathogenic qi in the five zang organs, wind-related hypochondriac pain, postpartum residual diseases, stops excessive salivation, unblocks couli (pores/skin texture), relieves Shanghan headache, resolves the muscle layer, drains evil qi, and eliminates red-black spot toxins. Do not take in excess, as it causes deficiency.
Also known as Beixiang, Longsha, and Beiyan. Grows in Jin territory and Hedong Chuan Valley. Stems are harvested at Liqiu (Start of Autumn) and dried in shade until green.
Noupu (Magnolia Bark) acts as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Xinyi (Magnolia Flower) and Shiwei (Pyrrosia Leaf).
Those produced in Qingzhou, Pengcheng, Rongyang, and Zhongmu are superior, characterized by a green color and abundant foam. Those from Shu are inferior. When used, break and remove the nodes, because the nodes stop sweating. Boil for one or two minutes, remove the foam on top, as the foam causes irritability. Its roots also stop sweating. Mixed with powder for use in summer. Commonly used to treat Shanghan (Cold Damage); it is the primary herb for resolving the muscle layer.
[Note] There is an abundance in Zhengzhou, Lutai, and the sandbars along the river in Shawan, Guanzhong. Those from Qing and Xu regions are no longer used. The most abundant quantity is found in Tongzhou Shawan.