味甘、苦，平，无毒。主僵仆跻，瘀血，骨痛。根皮，大寒，主消渴，止心烦逆奔气。
实，味苦，除痼热，调中。
李类又多。京口有麦李，麦秀时熟，小而甜脆，核不入药。今此用姑熟所出南居李，解
核如杏子者，为佳。凡李实
熟食之皆好，不可合雀肉食，又不可临水上啖之。李皮水煎含之，疗齿
味苦，寒。多食令人寒中，金创，乳妇尤不可食。
梨种复殊多，并皆冷利，俗人以为快果，不入药用，食之损人。
〔谨案〕梨削贴汤火创
不烂，止痛，易瘥。又主热嗽，
止渴。叶，主霍乱，吐利不止，煮汁服之。
味苦，寒。多食令人胪胀，病患尤甚。
柰江南乃有，而北国最丰，皆以作脯，不宜人。有林檎相似而小，亦恐非益人者。枇杷
叶以出上卷，其实乃宜人。
东阳、寻阳最多也。
味甘、酸，无毒。主咽燥渴。损人肺，不可多食。其酸实壳，疗下痢，止漏精。其东行
根，疗蛔虫、寸白。
石榴以花赤可爱，故人多植之，尤为外国所重。入药唯根、壳而以，其味有甜、酢，药
家用酢者。其子为服食所忌
也。
味甘，平、寒，无毒。主令人悦泽，好颜色，益气不饥。久服轻身耐老，主除烦满不乐，
久
悦泽。一名水芝，一名白瓜子。生嵩高平泽。冬瓜仁也，八月采之。
〔谨案〕《经》云∶冬瓜仁也，八月采之。以下为冬瓜仁说。《尔雅》云∶水芝瓜也，非谓
冬瓜别名。据《经》及下条瓜蒂，并生嵩高平泽，此即一物，但以甘字似白字，后人误以为
白也。若其不是甘瓜，何因
一名白瓜？此即是甘瓜不惑。且朱书论甘瓜之效，墨书说冬瓜之功，功异条同，陶为深误矣。
案《广雅》∶冬瓜一名地芝，
与甘瓜全别，墨书宜附冬瓜科下。
瓜蒂与甘瓜共条。《别录》云∶甘瓜子主腹内结聚，破溃脓血，最为肠胃脾内痈要药。本
草以为冬瓜，但用蒂，不云子也。今肠痈汤中用之。俗人或用冬瓜子，非也。又案诸本草单
云瓜子或云甘瓜子，今此本
误作白字，当改从甘也。
Taste is sweet and bitter, nature is neutral, non-toxic. It mainly treats stiffness and falling injuries (stiffness and falls), blood stasis (accumulation of stagnant blood), and bone pain. The root bark is very cold in nature, mainly treating diabetes mellitus (Xiao Ke, characterized by excessive thirst and urination), and stopping irritability and rebellious Qi rushing upward.
The fruit is bitter in taste, eliminates chronic heat, and harmonizes the middle Jiao (spleen and stomach).
There are many varieties of plums. Jingkou produces wheat plums, which ripen when wheat awns appear; they are small, sweet, and crisp, and their pits are not used in medicine. What is currently used are Southern Resident Plums from Gushu, whose kernels resemble apricot kernels in size, which are considered the best. All plum fruits are good when cooked, but should not be eaten with sparrow meat, nor should one eat them while near water. Boiled plum skin used as a mouthwash treats dental [issues].
Taste is bitter, nature is cold. Excessive consumption causes coldness in the Middle Jiao. For metal wounds (Jin Chuang) and nursing mothers, it is especially inadvisable to consume.
There are numerous varieties of pears, all possessing cold and purgative properties. Laypeople consider them refreshing fruits, but they are not used in medicine as consumption damages the human body.
[Respectful Note] Sliced pear applied to burns and scalds prevents rotting, relieves pain, and promotes healing. It also treats hot coughs and stops thirst. The leaves treat cholera-like disorders (Huo Luan) with incessant vomiting and diarrhea; decocted juice is taken orally.
Taste is bitter, nature is cold. Excessive consumption causes abdominal distension, which is particularly severe in patients.
Nai (a type of crabapple) exists in Jiangnan, but is most abundant in the North; they are usually made into dried fruit preserves and are unsuitable for human consumption. There is a variety similar to Lin Qin (Chinese quince) but smaller, which is also likely not beneficial to humans. The leaves of Loquat have been recorded in the previous volume; its fruit, however, is suitable for consumption.
Dongyang and Xunyang produce the most.
Taste is sweet and sour, non-toxic. It mainly treats dry throat and thirst. It damages the Lung, so it should not be consumed in excess. The shell of its sour fruit treats dysentery and stops seminal emission. The roots growing eastward treat Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworms) and Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm/Cun Bai).
Pomegranates are widely planted because their red flowers are lovely, and they are highly valued by foreign countries. Only the root and shell are used in medicine. The taste varies between sweet and sour; medicinal practitioners use the sour variety. The seeds are taboo for those practicing dietary regimens for longevity.
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral and cold, non-toxic. It makes the complexion lustrous and beautiful, tonifies Qi, and prevents hunger. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging; it mainly resolves vexation, fullness, and unhappiness, and long-term use enhances luster. Also known as Shui Zhi (Water Lotus Seed/Herb) and Bai Gua Zi (White Melon Seed). It grows in the plains and marshes of Songgao. It is actually Winter Melon Kernel (Dong Gua Ren), harvested in August.
[Respectful Note] The Classic states: "It is Winter Melon Kernel, harvested in August." This refers to the discussion on Winter Melon Kernel below. The Erya states: "It is Water Zhi Gua," which does not mean it is an alias for Winter Melon. According to the Classic and the following entry on Melon Stalk, both grow in the plains and marshes of Songgao; thus, they are the same substance. The character "Gan" (Sweet) resembles "Bai" (White), leading later generations to mistakenly identify it as White Melon. If it were not Sweet Melon, why would it also be called White Melon? Thus, it is undoubtedly Sweet Melon. Furthermore, the vermilion text discusses the effects of Sweet Melon, while the black text describes the merits of Winter Melon; since the effects differ but the entries are identical, Tao Hongjing's interpretation is deeply erroneous.
According to Guangya: Winter Melon is also called Di Zhi, which is completely different from Sweet Melon. The black text should be attached under the Winter Melon category.
Melon Stalk and Sweet Melon share the same entry. The Bie Lu states: "Sweet Melon seeds mainly treat intra-abdominal accumulations, break up and discharge pus and blood, and are the essential medicine for internal abscesses of the intestines, stomach, spleen, and interior." The Ben Cao identifies it as Winter Melon, but only mentions using the stalk, not the seed. It is now used in Chang Yong Decoction. Laypeople sometimes use Winter Melon seeds, which is incorrect. Furthermore, various Ben Cao texts simply call it Gua Zi or Gan Gua Zi. This edition mistakenly uses the character Bai (White); it should be corrected to Gan (Sweet).