味甘，平，无毒。主五脏六腑寒热邪气，坚筋骨，长肌肉，倍力，金疮肿，解毒，温中
下气，烦满短气，伤脏咳嗽，
止渴，通经脉，利血气，解百药毒，为九土之精，安和七十二种石，一千二百种草。久服轻
身延年。一名密甘、一名美
草、一名蜜草、一名 草。生河西川谷积沙山及上郡。二月、八月除日采根，曝干，十日成。
术、干漆、苦参为之使，恶远志，反大戟、芫花、甘遂、海藻四物。河西、上郡不复通
市。今出蜀汉中，悉从汶山
诸夷中来。赤皮、断理，看之坚实者，是抱罕草，最佳。抱罕，羌地名。亦有火炙干者，理
多虚疏。又有如鲤鱼肠者，
被刀破，不复好。青州间亦有，不如。又
经方少不用者，犹如香中
有沉香也。国老即帝师之称，虽非君，为君所宗，是以能安和草石而解诸毒也。
味甘，微寒、微温，无毒。主补五脏，安精神，定魂魄，止惊悸，除邪气，明目，开心，
益
鼓痛，胸胁逆满，霍乱吐逆，调中，止消渴，通血脉，破坚积，令
人不忘。久服轻身延年。一名人衔，一名鬼盖，一名神草，一名人微，一名土精，一名血参
。如人形者有神。生上党山谷及辽东。二月、四月、八月上旬采根，竹刀刮，曝干，无令见
风。
茯苓为之使，恶溲疏，反藜芦。上党郡在冀州西南。今魏国所献即是，形长而黄，状如
防风，多润实而甘。俗用不
入服乃重百济者，形细而坚白，气味薄
及百济。百济今臣属高丽，
高丽所献
易蛀 。唯内器中密封头，
可经年不坏。人参生一茎直上，四、五叶相对生，花紫色。高丽人作人参
背阳向阴。欲来求我，椴树
相寻。椴树叶似桐甚大，阴广，则多生阴地，采作甚有法。今近山亦有，但作之不好。
〔谨
案〕陶说人参，苗乃是荠 、
桔梗，不悟高
山连亘相接，故皆有之也。
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral, non-toxic. It mainly treats cold and heat pathogenic factors of the five zang organs and six fu organs, strengthens sinews and bones, promotes muscle growth, increases strength, treats traumatic injuries with swelling, detoxifies, warms the middle jiao, directs rebellious qi downward, relieves irritability, fullness in the chest, and shortness of breath, treats cough caused by injury to the zang organs, stops thirst, unblocks meridians, benefits blood and qi, and resolves the toxicity of all medicines. It is the essence of the nine soils, capable of harmonizing seventy-two types of minerals and one thousand two hundred types of herbs. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life. Also known as Mi Gan (Sweet Honey), Mei Cao (Beautiful Grass), Mi Cao (Honey Grass), and Guo Lao (State Elder). Grows in Ji Sha Mountain of Hexi River Valley and Shang Commandery. Roots are harvested on specific days in February and August, sun-dried, and ready in ten days. Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Gan Xi (Dried Lacquer), and Ku Shen (Sophora Root) act as its guides; it is incompatible with Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root); it is chemically opposed to Da Ji (Euphorbia Pekinensis Root), Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flower), Gan Sui (Kansui Root), and Hai Zao (Sargassum Thallus). Trade from Hexi and Shang Commandery has ceased. Currently produced in Shu and Hanzhong, all coming from various Yi tribes in the Wenshan region. Those with red skin, broken texture, and looking solid are called Bao Han Cao, which is of the best quality. "Bao Han" is a place name of the Qiang people. There are also those dried by fire roasting, but their texture is often loose. There are also those resembling carp intestines, cut open by knives, which are no longer good. Qingzhou also produces some, but inferior. Few classical prescriptions do not use it, just as Agarwood is essential among incenses. "Guo Lao" (State Elder) is a title for the Emperor's teacher; although not the ruler, he is revered by the ruler, thus able to harmonize herbs and minerals and resolve various toxins.
Taste is sweet, slightly cold, slightly warm, non-toxic. It mainly tonifies the five zang organs, calms the spirit, stabilizes the hun and po, stops palpitations and fright, eliminates pathogenic factors, brightens the eyes, opens the heart orifice, relieves abdominal pain, chest and hypochondriac fullness with counterflow, cholera with vomiting and regurgitation, regulates the middle jiao, stops thirst, unblocks blood vessels, breaks down hard accumulations, and prevents forgetfulness. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life. Also known as Ren Xian (Human Bite), Gui Gai (Ghost Cover), Shen Cao (Divine Herb), Ren Wei (Human Microbe), Tu Jing (Earth Essence), and Xue Shen (Blood Ginseng). Those shaped like humans possess spiritual efficacy. Grows in valleys of Shangdang and Liaodong. Roots are harvested in early February, April, and August, scraped with bamboo knives, sun-dried, avoiding exposure to wind. Fu Ling (Poria) acts as its guide; it is incompatible with Sou Shu (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome); it is chemically opposed to Li Lu (Veratrum Root). Shangdang Commandery is southwest of Jizhou. The current tribute from the Wei state is of this type: long and yellow, resembling Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), moist, solid, and sweet. Commonly used varieties are inferior to Baekje Ginseng; Baekje Ginseng is thin, hard, white, with weak flavor and aroma. Baekje is now a vassal of Goryeo; Goryeo tributes are prone to insect damage. Only when sealed tightly in internal containers can they remain unspoiled for years. Ginseng grows with a single straight stem, four or five leaves growing opposite each other, purple flowers. Goryeo people process Ginseng facing away from the sun towards the shade. To find me, follow the Linden trees. Linden leaves are large like Paulownia, providing wide shade, thus growing mostly in shady places; harvesting and processing follow strict methods. Near mountains also produce it, but the processing is poor. [Note] Tao Hongjing stated that the seedling of Ginseng is actually Jie Ni (Adenophora Root) and Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), failing to realize that high mountains are continuous, hence these plants exist there too.