味苦、咸，平、大寒，无毒。主暴中风，身热肢满，忽忽不知人，狂惑邪气，寒热酸疼，
温
伤中淋露，下水气，利阴气，益精。一名白幕，一名薇草，一名春草，一名骨美。久服利人。
生平原川谷。三月三日采
根，阴干。
恶黄 、大黄、大戟、干姜、干漆、山茱萸、大枣。 近道处处有。根状似牛膝而短小
尔。方家用，多疗惊邪、风
狂、疰病。
味苦、甘，温。叶，味苦、辛，微寒，有小毒。主风头寒痛，风湿周痹，四肢拘挛痛，
去恶肉死肌，膝痛，溪毒。
久服益气，耳目聪明，强志轻身。一名胡 ，一名地葵，一名 ，一
六安田野，实熟时采。
此是常思菜，伧人皆食之。以叶覆麦作黄衣者，一名羊负来。昔中国无此，言从外国逐
羊毛中来，方用亦甚稀。
〔谨
案〕苍耳，三月以后、七月以前刈，晒干为散。夏，水服；冬，酒服，主大风癫痫，头风湿
痹，毒在骨髓。日二服，丸
服二十、三十丸；散服一、二匕。服
后乃皮落，肌如凝脂，令人
省睡，除诸毒螫，杀疳湿KT 。久服益气，耳目聪明，轻身强志，主腰膝中风毒优良。忌
食猪肉米泔，
亦主 狗毒。
味甘，寒，无毒。主劳伤虚羸，补中益气，除瘀血，血闭，寒热，利小便，下五淋，除
客热在肠胃，止渴，坚筋，
妇人崩中。久服利人。其苗主下水。一名兰根，一名茹根，一名地菅，一名地筋，一名兼杜。
生楚地山谷田野，六月采
根。
此即今白茅菅。《诗》云∶露彼菅茅。其根如渣芹甜美。服食此断谷甚良。俗方稀用，
惟疗淋及崩中尔。
〔谨案〕
菅花，味甘，温，无毒。主衄血、吐血、灸疮。
[Baiwei (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix)]
Bitter and salty in flavor, neutral and extremely cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats sudden onset of wind-stroke, fever with limb distension, mental confusion with loss of consciousness, mania and delirium caused by evil qi, alternating chills and fever, and soreness and pain. It promotes the downward movement of water qi, benefits yin qi, and nourishes essence. Also known as Baimu, Weicao, Chuncuo, or Gumei. Long-term consumption is beneficial to the body. It grows in plains and river valleys. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
It is incompatible with Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Ganqi (Lacca Resina), Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus), and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus). It is found everywhere in nearby regions. The root resembles Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) but is shorter and smaller. Physicians often use it to treat jingxie (startling evil), fengkuang (wind-induced madness), and zhu disease (a type of chronic infectious disease caused by external pathogens).
[Ersshi (Xanthii Fructus)]
Bitter and sweet in flavor, warm in nature. The leaves are bitter and acrid, slightly cold, and slightly toxic. It primarily treats headache caused by wind-cold affecting the head, bi-syndrome (painful obstruction) throughout the body due to wind-dampness, spasm and pain of the four limbs; it removes foul flesh and dead muscle, treats knee pain, and xi du (mountain damp-toxin). Long-term consumption tonifies qi, clarifies the ears and eyes, strengthens the will, and lightens the body. Also known as Huxi, Di Kui, [missing character], and [missing character]. It is harvested when the fruits ripen in the fields of Lu'an.
This is Changsi Cai (a type of edible plant), consumed by people from the north (Cangren). When covered with leaves to ferment wheat into yellow cloth, it is also known as Yang Fulai. Previously, this plant did not exist in China; it is said to have been introduced along with foreign wool. Its use in medical prescriptions is quite rare.
[Note by Jin'an] Xanthii Fructus (Cang'erzi) should be cut after March and before July, dried, and ground into powder. In summer, take with water; in winter, take with wine. It primarily treats severe wind-epilepsy, wind-damp bi-syndrome of the head, and toxins deep in the bone marrow. Take twice daily: 20–30 pills per dose, or one to two bi (spoonfuls) of powder. After taking the medicine, the skin may peel off, leaving the skin smooth like congealed fat, causing drowsiness, eliminating various insect stings and toxins, and killing gan-shi (parasitic dampness). Long-term consumption tonifies qi, clarifies the ears and eyes, lightens the body, strengthens the will, and effectively treats wind-toxels in the waist and knees. Avoid eating pork and rice wash water. It can also treat dog bite toxicity.
[Maogen (Imperatae Rhizoma)]
Sweet in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats emaciation due to labor injury, tonifies the middle jiao and benefits qi, removes blood stasis, treats blood closure, alternating chills and fever, promotes urination, eliminates five types of lin syndrome (dysuria), clears residual heat in the stomach and intestines, relieves thirst, strengthens tendons and bones, and treats ben zhong (metrorrhagia/heavy uterine bleeding) in women. Long-term consumption is beneficial. The young shoots primarily promote the downward movement of water. Also known as Langen, Rugen, Dijian, Dijin, or Jiandu. It grows in the mountains, valleys, and fields of Chu region. The roots are harvested in June.
This is the current Bai Mao Jian (White Cogon Grass). The Book of Songs says: "Dew on the cogon grass." Its root is sweet like Zhaqin (a type of vegetable). Consuming this for grain-abstention (Bigu) is very effective. Folk prescriptions rarely use it, mainly treating lin syndrome and ben zhong.
[Note by Jin'an]
Jianhua (Flower of Imperata cylindrica) is sweet in flavor, warm in nature, and non-toxic. It primarily treats epistaxis (nosebleed), hematemesis (vomiting blood), and moxa sores (sores resulting from moxibustion).