味苦，寒，无毒。主消渴热中，除邪气，肢体浮肿，下水，补不足，益气。疗伤寒久疟
烦热，胁下邪气，膈中恶，
及风汗内疸。多服令人泄。一名 母，一名连母，一名野蓼，一名地参，一名水参，一名水
浚，一名货母，一名 母，
一名女雷，一名女理，一名儿草，一名鹿列，一名韭逢，一名儿踵草，一名东根，一名水须，
一名沈燔，一名 ，一名
昌支。生河内川谷。二月、八月采根，曝干。
今出彭城。形似菖蒲而柔润，叶至难死，掘出随生，须枯燥乃止。甚疗热结，亦疗疟热
烦也。
味苦，大寒，无毒。主疗时气头痛，大热口疮。三月、四月采茎，阴干。
疗伤寒方多用此，《本经》又无。今出东境及近道，长尺许，紫茎。除时行热毒，为良。
〔谨案〕大青用叶兼茎，不独用茎也。
味辛、苦，平、微寒，无毒。主伤寒烦热，淋沥邪气，疝瘕，喉痹乳难，金疮风痉。疗
腹中结实，心下满，洗洗恶
风寒，目眩项直，咳嗽上气，止烦热渴，出汗，安五脏，利骨髓。一
名苦花，一名苦菜，一名商
草，一名勒母。生晋地。十月采根，曝干。
浓朴、白薇为之使，恶桃花，畏秦艽、 石、莽草，反乌头。 今出近道，形似聚贝子，
故
〔谨案〕此叶似大蒜，四月蒜熟时采，良。若十月，苗枯根亦不佳
者，最佳，江南诸州亦有。
味甘、苦，不辛。按《尔雅》亦名 也。
Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome, characterized by polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and emaciation) and internal heat excess, eliminates pathogenic factors, treats edema of the limbs, promotes urination to drain water, tonifies deficiencies, and benefits Qi. Treats vexatious heat caused by long-standing Shang Han (Cold Damage) and malaria, pathogenic factors in the hypochondrium, evil qi in the diaphragm, as well as wind-induced sweating and internal jaundice. Excessive consumption causes diarrhea. Also known as Mu, Lian Mu, Ye Liao, Di Shen, Shui Shen, Shui Jun, Huo Mu, [missing character] Mu, Nu Lei, Nu Li, Er Cao, Lu Lie, Jiu Feng, Er Zhong Cao, Dong Gen, Shui Xu, Shen Fan, [missing character], Chang Zhi. Grows in the rivers and valleys of Henei. The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun.
Currently produced in Pengcheng. It resembles Calamus (Acorus tatarinowii) but is soft and moist; its leaves are extremely difficult to kill, regrowing immediately after excavation until they completely wither. It is highly effective for treating heat accumulation and also treats vexatious heat from malaria.
Bitter, very cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats headache from seasonal epidemics (Shi Qi), high fever, and mouth ulcers. The stems are harvested in March and April and dried in the shade. This herb is frequently used in formulas for treating Shang Han, though it is absent from the *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing*. Currently produced in the eastern borders and nearby regions, with stems about one chi long and purple in color. It is excellent for clearing toxic heat from seasonal epidemics. [Su Jing notes]: Da Qing uses both leaves and stems, not just the stems alone.
Acrid, bitter, neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats vexatious heat from Shang Han, dribbling pathogenic factors (symptoms resembling urinary tract infections), Shan Xia (abdominal masses), Hou Bi (sore throat and obstruction), Ru Nan (breast diseases or nursing difficulties), Jin Chuang Feng Jing (tetanus/spasms following trauma). Treats solid accumulations in the abdomen, fullness below the heart, aversion to wind and cold, dizziness, stiff neck, cough with rebellious Qi, stops vexatious heat and thirst, induces sweating, calms the Five Zang Organs, and benefits the Marrow. Also known as Ku Hua, Ku Cai, Shang Cao, Le Mu. Grows in the region of Jin. The roots are harvested in October and dried in the sun.
Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan) and Bai Wei (Radix Cynanchi Atrati) serve as its guiding herbs. It is incompatible with Tao Hua (Peach Blossom), fears Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae), Yu Shi (Arsenolite), and Mang Cao (Polygonum arifolium), and is chemically antagonistic to Wu Tou (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata). Currently produced in nearby regions, resembling Ju Bei Zi (a type of Fritillaria bulb), hence... [Su Jing notes]: The leaves resemble garlic; harvesting when garlic matures in April yields the best quality. If harvested in October, when the shoots wither, the roots are inferior. The best quality comes from various prefectures in Jiangnan.
Sweet, bitter, not acrid. According to the *Erya*, it is also called [missing character].