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[Qin Jiao (Zanthoxylum ailanthoides / Zanthoxylum bungeanum context)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature; raw is warm, cooked is cold, toxic. It primarily treats wind-pathogenic qi, warms the middle jiao, dispels cold-bi syndrome, strengthens teeth and promotes hair growth, and brightens the eyes. It treats throat obstruction (hou bi), vomiting and reflux, hernia and abdominal masses, removes old blood, treats residual postpartum conditions, abdominal pain, induces sweating, and benefits the five zang organs. Long-term use makes the body light, improves complexion, delays aging, increases lifespan, and enhances spiritual clarity. It grows in Langya Commandery. The fruits are harvested in the eighth and ninth months.
It is incompatible with Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou) and Adenophorae Radix (Fang Kui), and fears Orpiment (Cihuang). The Qin Jiao currently imported from the west resembles pepper but is larger, yellowish-black in color, and has a strong peppery aroma; it is sometimes called Da Jiao (Large Pepper). There is also a seed called Chu Jiao, which is likely an error.
[Note] The Qin Jiao tree, including its leaves, stems, and seeds, resembles Shu Jiao (Sichuan pepper), but the flavor is milder and the fruits are smaller. It grows abundantly south of Lantian and between the Qinling Mountains.

[Wei Mao (Euonymus alatus)]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats metrorrhagia and bleeding in women, abdominal fullness, sweating, dispels evil pathogens, kills ghost toxins, gu poisoning, and zombie diseases, treats sudden severe illness (zhong e), abdominal pain, expels white parasites, reduces skin wind-toxin swelling, and relieves tension in the genital region. Also known as Gui Jian (Ghost Arrow). It grows in the valleys of Huo Mountain. It is harvested in the eighth month and dried in the shade.
It is found everywhere in mountains and fields. Its stems have three wings, resembling arrow feathers, hence commonly called "Ghost Arrow" by the people. However, it is rarely used; when used, only the bark and winged parts are stripped off.

[Zi Wei (Campsis grandiflora / Bignonia venusta)]
Sour in flavor, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats residual postpartum disorders in women, metrorrhagia, abdominal masses (zheng jia), amenorrhea, alternating chills and fever, emaciation, and nourishes the fetus. The stems and leaves are bitter in flavor and non-toxic. They treat flaccidity and paralysis (wei jue) and benefit qi.
Also known as Ling Tiao, or Yi Yao Hua. It grows in the rivers and valleys of Xihai and on the sunny slopes of mountains.
Li Yun claims this is the root of Dianthus superbus (Qumai), but it is rarely used in current prescriptions. *Bowuzhi* states: Hao Hui obtained Zi Wei flowers north of the Taihang Mountains, implying they must be rare. Currently, Qumai flowers are indeed lovely but are ubiquitous, so they should not be restricted to the Taihang Mountains. Moreover, since it has a trunk and stems/leaves, it is unlikely to be the root of Qumai. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "The flowers of the liana"; Guo Pu's commentary identifies it as Campsis radicans (Lingxiao Teng), which is also likely incorrect.
[Note] This is indeed Ling Xiao (Campsis). Both the flowers and the stems/leaves are used. According to *Erya · Shi Cao*: "Tiao, also known as Ling Tiao; those with yellow flowers have spreading petals, those with white flowers have pointed petals." Guo Pu stated: "Also known as Ling Shi, or Ling Xiao." The Materia Medica records: "Also known as Ling Tiao, or Yi Yao Hua." Both Qumai and Zi Wei are recorded in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. If Qumai root were used as Zi Wei, why would Zi Wei also utilize stems and leaves? Their properties are distinct, and their habitats do not overlap. Guo Pu's identification as Ling Xiao is the correct explanation.