味辛，温，无毒。主风游丹肿，乳痈。
《别录》曰∶春食之，能发膝痼疾。此人间所啖菜也。（新附）
味甘，平，无毒。主伤中，虚羸，补五内，益气力，长肌肉，填髓脑。坚筋骨，疗金创，
止痛，及伤寒温疟，大吐后虚热羸困。久服轻身不老，明耳目，耐饥渴，延年。以作油，微
寒，利大肠、胞衣不落；生者摩疮肿，生秃发。一名巨胜，一名狗虱，一名方茎，一名鸿藏。
叶名青 。生上党川泽。
八谷之中，惟此为良。淳黑者名巨胜。巨者，大也，是为大胜。本生大宛，故名胡麻。
又茎方名巨胜，茎圆名胡麻。
服食家当九蒸、九曝、熬、捣，饵之断谷、长生、充饥。虽易得，俗中学人犹不能恒服，而
况余药耶！蒸不熟，令人发落，
其性与茯苓相宜。俗方用之甚少，惟时以合汤丸耳。麻油生榨者如此，若蒸炒正可供作食及
燃耳，不入药用也。
〔谨案〕
此麻以角作八棱者为巨胜，四棱者名胡麻。都以乌者良，白者劣尔。生嚼涂小儿头疮及浸淫
恶疮，大效。
味甘，寒，无毒。主五脏邪气，风寒湿痹，益气，补脑髓，坚筋骨。久服耳目聪明，不
饥，不老，增寿。巨胜苗也。
生中原川谷。
胡麻叶。甚肥滑，亦可以沐头，但不知云何服之。仙方并无用此法，正当阴干，捣为丸
散耳。既服其实，故不复假
苗。五符巨胜丸方亦云∶叶名青 。本生大宛，度来千年耳。
〔谨
案〕青 ，《本经》在草部上品中，既堪啖，今从胡麻条下。
[You Tai (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Wind wandering carbuncle swelling, mastitis (breast abscess).
*The Separate Record of Famous Physicians* states: Consuming it in spring may trigger chronic diseases of the knees. This is a vegetable commonly eaten by people. (Newly added)
[Hu Ma (Sesamum indicum)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Damage to the middle jiao, emaciation and weakness, tonification of the five zang organs, augmentation of qi and strength, promotion of muscle growth, filling of marrow and brain. Strengthens bones and sinews, treats traumatic injuries caused by metal weapons, relieves pain, and addresses cold damage, warm malaria, and post-emesis deficiency heat with emaciation and exhaustion. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, clarifies the ears and eyes, increases resistance to hunger and thirst, and prolongs life. When processed into oil, its nature is slightly cool; it promotes bowel movement and facilitates the expulsion of the placenta. Fresh leaves rubbed on sores and swellings can treat alopecia. Also known as Ju Sheng (Giant Victory), Gou Shi (Dog Louse), Fang Jing (Square Stem), and Hong Zang. The leaves are named Qing. It grows in the rivers and marshes of Shangdang.
Among the eight grains, this one is superior. Pure black ones are called Ju Sheng. "Ju" means large, signifying great victory. It originally came from Dayuan, hence the name Hu Ma.
Furthermore, those with square stems are called Ju Sheng, while those with round stems are called Hu Ma.
Practitioners of dietary therapy should steam it nine times, sun-dry it nine times, roast it, and crush it before consumption to achieve grain avoidance, longevity, and satiety. Although easy to obtain, lay practitioners often cannot persist in taking it regularly, let alone other medicines! If not steamed thoroughly, it causes hair loss.
Its properties are compatible with Poria cocos (Fuling). It is rarely used in secular prescriptions, only occasionally combined with decoctions or pills. Raw-pressed sesame oil has these properties; however, roasted or fried sesame oil is suitable only for food and fuel, not for medicinal use.
[Editor's Note]
This sesame with octagonal pods is Ju Sheng, while that with quadrangular pods is Hu Ma. Those that are entirely black are superior, while white ones are inferior. Chewing raw and applying it to infant head sores and impetigo yields significant effects.
[Qing (Sesamum indicum leaf/seedling)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Pathogenic factors in the five zang organs, wind-cold-damp bi syndrome, augmentation of qi, tonification of brain marrow, strengthening of bones and sinews. Long-term consumption clarifies the ears and eyes, reduces hunger, prevents aging, and increases lifespan. It is the seedling of Ju Sheng.
It grows in the rivers and valleys of the Central Plains.
Hu Ma leaves are very thick and slippery; they can also be used for washing hair, but their method of internal administration is unknown. Immortal formulas do not employ this method; rather, they should be shade-dried, crushed, and made into pills or powders. Since the fruit is already consumed, the seedlings are no longer needed. The Wufu Ju Sheng Wan prescription also states: The leaves are named Qing. It originally came from Dayuan and has been introduced for a thousand years.
[Editor's Note] Qing was listed in the Superior Category of the Herb Section in *Shennong Ben Cao Jing*. Since it is edible, it is now included under the Hu Ma entry.