味甘，平，无毒。主筋骨湿痹，益气倍力，强志，令人肥健，耐饥，忍风寒，久服轻身
不老，延年。可作酒，逐水，
利小便。生陇西五原敦煌山谷。
魏国使人多 来，状如五味子而甘美，可作酒，云用其藤汁殊美好。北国人多肥健耐寒，
盖
橘之变于河北矣。人说即是此间 ，恐如彼之枳类橘耶？
〔谨案〕
与葡萄亦同，然 是千岁 。葡萄作酒法，总收取子汁酿之自成酒。 ，山葡萄，
亦堪为酒。陶景言用藤汁为酒，谬矣。
味酸、咸，平，无毒。主安五脏，益精气，长阴令坚，强志倍力，有子。又疗暴中风，
身热大惊。久服轻身不老。
一名覆盆，一名陵 ，一名阴 。生荆山平泽及宛朐。
李云即是人所食莓尔。
味甘，平，无毒。主益气轻身，令发不白。五月采实。
蓬 是根名，方家不用，乃昌容所服，以易颜色者也。覆盆是实名，李云是莓子，乃似
覆盆之形，而以津汁为味，
其核甚微细。药中所用覆盆子小异。此未详熟是？
〔谨案〕覆盆、
蓬
大而甘，瘠地则子细而酸。
此乃子有甘、酸，根无酸味。陶景以根酸子甘，将根入果，重出子条，殊为孟浪。
味甘，平，无毒。主心腹邪气，安中养脾，助十二经胃气，通九窍，补少气少津，身中
不足，大惊，四肢重，和百
药。补中益气，强力，除烦闷，疗心下悬，肠 。久服轻身长季，不
名美枣，一名良枣。八月采，
曝干。三岁陈核中仁，燔之，味苦，主腹痛，邪气。生枣，味甘、辛，多食令人多寒热，羸
瘦者，不可食。叶覆麻黄，
能出汗。生河东平泽。
大枣杀乌头毒。旧云河东猗氏县枣特异，今出青州、彭城，枣形小，核细，多膏，甚甜。郁
者亦好，小不及尔。江东临沂金城枣，形大而虚少暗，好者亦可用。
道家方药以枣为佳饵，其皮
利，肉补虚，所以合汤皆辟用之。
〔谨案
〕《别录》云∶枣叶散服使人瘦，久即呕吐；揩热痱疮至良。
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats damp-bi (bi-syndrome caused by dampness) in the sinews and bones, benefits qi, increases strength, strengthens willpower, makes one plump and healthy, enables endurance of hunger, and resists wind-cold. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life. It can be used to make wine, promotes water elimination, and facilitates urination. It grows in the valleys of Longxi, Wuyuan, and Dunhuang. Envoys from the Wei Kingdom often brought it; its shape resembles Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) but is sweeter and more delicious, suitable for making wine. It is said that using its vine juice yields particularly fine results. People in the north are generally plump, healthy, and cold-resistant, likely because this plant is a variation of Citrus reticulata (Chenpi/Orange peel source) adapted to Hebei. Some say it is the local variety, perhaps similar to how Zhi (Poncirus trifoliata) is related to Ju (Citrus reticulata)?
[Note]
It is similar to Putao (Vitis vinifera), yet it is a perennial plant lasting a thousand years. The method for making Putao wine involves collecting the juice from the seeds/fruits and fermenting it into wine. Shanputao (Wild grape) can also be used for wine. Tao Hongjing’s statement that vine juice should be used for wine is erroneous.
Sour and salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily calms the five zang organs, benefits essence and qi, promotes genital growth and firmness, strengthens willpower and increases strength, and aids fertility. It also treats sudden stroke, fever, and severe fright. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prevents aging.
Also known as Fupen, Linglei, and Yinqi. It grows in the plains and marshes of Jingshan and Wanqu.
Li Yun states that it is the berry commonly eaten by people.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily benefits qi, lightens the body, and prevents hair whitening. Harvest the fruits in May.
Pengli refers to the root name; medical practitioners do not use it. It was consumed by Changrong to improve complexion. Fupen refers to the fruit name. Li Yun identifies it as a berry resembling Fupen in shape, with a juicy taste and very minute seeds. The Fupenzi (Rubiae Fructus) used in medicine differs slightly. It remains unclear which is correct?
[Note]
Fupen and Pengli fruits are large and sweet; those from barren land are small and sour.
This indicates that the fruits have sweet or sour variations, while the roots lack sourness. Tao Hongjing believed the roots were sour and fruits sweet, placing the root under the fruit entry and duplicating the seed section, which was highly rash.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats evil qi in the heart and abdomen, stabilizes the middle jiao, nourishes the spleen, assists the stomach qi of the twelve meridians, unblocks the nine orifices, supplements deficient qi and fluids, addresses bodily insufficiency, severe fright, heavy limbs, and harmonizes various herbs. It tonifies the middle and benefits qi, strengthens the body, relieves irritability, and treats subcostal tension and intestinal rumbling. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life. Also known as Meizao (Beautiful Date) and Liangzao (Good Date). Harvest in August and dry in the sun. The kernels inside the pits of three-year-old aged dates, when roasted, become bitter and treat abdominal pain and evil qi. Fresh Shengzao (Fresh Jujube) is sweet and pungent; excessive consumption causes chills and fever. Emaciated individuals should avoid eating it. Covering Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) with its leaves induces sweating. It grows in the plains and marshes of Hedong.
Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) detoxifies Wutou (Aconiti Radix). Old texts state that dates from Yishi County in Hedong are exceptional. Currently, dates from Qingzhou and Pengcheng are small, have fine pits, are rich in pulp, and very sweet. Yu (possibly referring to a specific variety or processing) is also good, though slightly inferior. Dates from Linyi and Jincheng in Jiangdong are large but have less flesh and darker color; the good ones are still usable.
Daoist prescriptions consider dates the best dietary supplement. The skin has draining properties, and the flesh tonifies deficiency; thus, they are widely used in decoctions.
[Note]
The Bie Lu (Supplementary Records) states: Consuming powdered Zhaoye (Jujubae Folium) causes emaciation, and long-term use leads to vomiting; rubbing it on hot heat-rash (Feichuang) is excellent.