味甘，平、寒，无毒。主补中养神，益气力，除百疾，久服轻身耐老，不饥，延年。一
名水芝丹，一名莲。生汝南
池泽，八月采。
即今莲子，八月、九月取坚黑者，干捣破之。花及根并入神仙用。今云茎，恐即是根，
不尔不应言甘也。宋帝时，
太官作羊血KT ，庖人削藕皮误落血中，遂皆散不凝，医仍用藕疗血多效也。
〔谨案〕《别
录》云∶藕，主热渴，散血，
生肌。久服令人心欢。
味甘，平，无毒。主湿痹，腰脊膝痛，补中，除疾，益精气，强志，令耳目聪明，久服
轻身不饥，耐老神仙。一名
雁喙实，一名芡。生雷泽池泽，八月采。
此即今 子，子形上花似鸡冠，故名鸡头。仙方取此并莲实合饵，能令小儿不长，自别
有方。正尔食之，亦当益人。
〔谨案〕此实，去皮作粉，与菱粉相似，益人胜菱。
味甘，平，无毒。主安中，补五脏，不饥，轻身。一名菱。
庐江间最多，皆取火燔，以为米充粮，今多蒸曝蜜和饵之，断谷长生。水族中又有
KT首，性
后食之，令阴不强。又不可杂白蜜食，令生虫。
〔谨案〕芰作粉，极白润，宜人。
味咸，温，无毒。主益气，浓肠胃，补肾气，令人耐饥。生山阴，九月采。
今会稽最丰，诸暨栗形大，皮浓不美，剡及始丰皮薄而甜。相传有人患脚弱，往栗树下
食数升
肾之义，然应生啖之。今若饵服，故宜蒸曝之。
〔谨案〕栗作粉，胜于
疗筋骨断碎，疼痛，肿，瘀
血有效。其皮名扶，捣为散，蜜和涂肉，令急缩；毛壳，疗火丹疮、毒肿；实饲孩儿，令齿
不生。树白皮水煮汁，主溪
毒。
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral and cold, non-toxic. It mainly tonifies the middle jiao (middle energizer), nourishes the spirit (Shen), enhances physical strength, and eliminates various diseases. Long-term consumption makes the body light, delays aging, prevents hunger, and prolongs life. Also known as Shuizhi Dan (Water Lotus Pill), also known as Lian (Lotus). Grows in ponds and marshes of Runan, harvested in August.
This is the modern lotus seed (Lianzi). In August and September, select the hard, black seeds, dry them, and pound them to break them open. The flowers and roots are also used by Daoist priests for cultivation and health preservation. The text mentions "stem," which likely refers to the root; otherwise, it would not be described as having a sweet taste. During the reign of Emperor Song, when the Imperial Kitchen was preparing sheep blood jelly (KT), a chef accidentally dropped lotus peel into the blood, causing it to disperse and not coagulate. Doctors later used lotus to treat excessive bleeding with good effect.
[Verification] *Bielu* (Record of Distinct Medicinals) states: Lotus root (Ou) treats heat-induced thirst, disperses blood stasis, and generates new flesh. Long-term consumption brings joy to the heart.
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral, non-toxic. It mainly treats damp-bi syndrome (obstruction caused by dampness), pain in the lower back, spine, and knees, tonifies the middle jiao, eliminates ailments, benefits essence and qi, strengthens willpower, and makes the ears and eyes clear. Long-term consumption makes the body light, prevents hunger, delays aging, and leads to an immortal-like state. Also known as Yanhuishi (Goose Beak Fruit), also known as Qian (Euryale Seed). Grows in ponds and marshes of Leize, harvested in August.
This is the modern Euryale seed (Jitoumi). Its fruit shape resembles a rooster's comb at the top flower, hence the name Jitou (Chicken Head). Immortal formulas take this combined with lotus seeds to be taken together, which allegedly stops children from growing taller (note: this is an ancient superstition, regarded as legend today). If eaten normally, it is also beneficial to humans.
[Verification] This fruit, peeled and made into powder, is similar to water chestnut powder but more beneficial than water chestnuts.
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral, non-toxic. It mainly harmonizes the middle jiao, tonifies the five zang organs, relieves hunger, and makes the body light. Also known as Ji (Water Caltrop).
Most abundant in Lujiang, where people roast them over fire to use as rice substitute for sustenance. Now, they are often steamed, dried, and mixed with honey for consumption, allowing one to abstain from grain and achieve longevity. Among aquatic creatures, there is another called KTshou (uncertain term, possibly a specific aquatic plant/animal), whose nature is peculiar; consuming it may weaken yang energy. It should not be eaten with white honey, as it may cause worms to grow.
[Verification] Water caltrop made into powder is very white and moist, suitable for eating.
Taste is salty, nature is warm, non-toxic. It mainly benefits qi, thickens the stomach and intestines, tonifies kidney qi, and enables one to endure hunger. Grows on the shady side of mountains, harvested in September.
Currently, Kuaiji has the richest production. Chestnuts from Zhuji are large but have thick, unappealing skins; those from Shan and Shifeng have thin skins and are sweet. It is said that someone suffering from weak legs ate several sheng of chestnuts under a chestnut tree and recovered. The function of chestnuts corresponds to the Kidney organ, but they should be eaten raw. If used as a medicinal food now, it is appropriate to steam and dry them first.
[Verification] Chestnut powder is superior to... [text missing]. It is effective for treating broken bones, pain, swelling, and blood stasis. The shell is named Fu; pounded into powder and mixed with honey, applied to muscles, it causes rapid contraction/healing. The prickly husk treats erysipelas (fire dan sores) and toxic swelling. Feeding the fruit to infants allegedly prevents tooth growth (note: this is an ancient superstition, regarded as legend today). The white bark of the tree, boiled in water to make juice, treats stream toxicity (toxins from mountain streams).