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The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats cold-heat conditions in the heart, abdomen, and bladder (Bladder organ system), promotes urination, stops bleeding, and resolves blood stasis (Blood Stasis). Long-term consumption lightens the body, boosts Qi and strength, prolongs life, and makes one like an immortal. It grows in the ponds and marshes of Hedong region and is harvested in April.
This is the yellow pollen from the flowers of *Typha orientalis* (Cattail). When ready, it is brushed off and collected; it is highly effective for treating blood disorders, and is also used in the *Xian Jing* (Scripture of Immortals).

The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats evil qi in the lower chest/epigastrium associated with the five zang organs, foul breath with rotting odor, strengthens teeth, brightens the eyes, and sharpens hearing. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging.
It is also known as Sui or Zhao. It grows in the ponds and marshes of the Nanhai region.
It is no longer used in official prescriptions, common people do not harvest it, and locals there have forgotten what it is. Jiangnan region offers Jing Mao (Leycesteria formosana / Imperata cylindrica var. major) as tribute, also known as Xiang Mao (Fragrant Grass), which is used for the ritual of pouring wine onto sacrificial victims at ancestral temples.
Some say it is Xun Cao (Agastache rugosa), others say it is Avena (Oats); this Pu grass is merely similar to them.
[Verification] This is Gan Pu (Sweet Cattail), used for making mats. In early spring, its white base is pickled as Zu (Pickled Vegetables) and can also be steamed for eating. In Shannan, this Pu is called Xiang Pu (Fragrant Cattail), while Chang Pu (Acorus tatarinowii) is called Chou Pu (Stinky Cattail). The Jing Mao cited by Tao Hongjing is actually San Ji Mao (Three-ribbed Cogon Grass). The so-called Oats and Xun Huang refer to the flowers of this Xiang Pu.

The flavor is pungent, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily promotes water passage, kills Gu poison (Gu Poison), wards off misfortune, and removes phlegm-pi accumulation (Phlegm-Pi Accumulation) in the chest. Long-term consumption boosts Qi, lightens the body, prevents aging, and enhances spiritual clarity.
It is also known as Shui Xiang (Water Fragrance). It grows in the ponds and marshes of Dawu region and is harvested in April and May.
Neither current prescriptions nor common people recognize or use it anymore. Dawu likely refers to the State of Wu, where Taibo resided, hence the name Dawu. Currently, in the eastern regions, there is a plant boiled from wetland herbs called Lan Xiang (Orchid Fragrance), which might be this species, growing in wetlands.
Li Yun states: It is what people currently cultivate, resembling Duliang Xiang Cao (Duliang Fragrant Herb).
[Verification] This is Lan Ze Xiang Cao (Lan Marsh Fragrant Herb). It blooms in August. Tao [Hongjing] claimed ignorance, mentioning Jian Ze Cao, or referring to Li Yun's Duliang Xiang as close, but ultimately not an accurate identification.

The flavors are salty, bitter, and sweet; the nature is neutral and slightly cold, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats Qing Mang (Green Blindness/Atrophy of Optic Nerve), Mu Yin (Ocular Discharge), skin redness, Bai Mo (Leukoma/Corneal Opacity), eye redness and pain, and tearing. It treats bluish discoloration of the lips and mouth. Long-term consumption improves visual acuity and lightens the body. It grows in the ponds and marshes of Longmen region; Shi Jue Ming (Abalone Shell) grows in Yuzhang region. It is harvested on the 10th day of the 10th lunar month and dried in shade for a hundred days.
Yi Shi (Rhizoma Dichondrae Seed) acts as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Da Ma Zi (Hemp Seed). Longmen is located north of Chang'an. It is now found everywhere. The leaves resemble Jiang Mang (Eleocharis), and the seeds resemble horse hooves, hence called Ma Ti Jue Ming (Horse-Hoof Cassia Seed). It should be crushed before use. Additionally, there is another type called Cao Jue Ming (Herbal Cassia Seed), which is Qi Hao Zi (Semen Artemisiae Scopariae), listed in the Lower Grade.
[Verification] Shi Jue Ming belongs to the bivalve mollusk category, resembling Zi Bei (Purple Cowrie). It is appended separately under the Fish and Beasts section. Both primarily treat eye disorders, hence both bear the name "Jue Ming" (Clear Vision). Secular prescriptions only use it for treating eye diseases, while Daoist practices occasionally require it.