味苦、咸，平、微寒，无毒。主暴热火疮赤气，疥瘙，疽痔，马鞍热气。除痈肿，浮肿，
结
疾痛。一名鹿肠，一名鹿首，一名马草，一名泽败。生江夏川谷。八月采根，曝干。
出近道，叶似 ，根形似柴胡，气如败豆酱，故以为名。
〔谨案〕此药不出近道，多生岗岭间。叶似水莨及薇
衔，丛生，花黄，根紫，作陈酱色，其叶殊不似 也。
味辛，温，无毒。主女人漏下赤白，血闭，阴肿，寒热，风头侵目泪出长肌肤润泽，可
作面脂。疗风邪，久渴，吐
呕，两胁满，风痛，头眩，目痒，可作膏药面脂，润颜色。一名芳香，一名白 ，一名 ，
一名莞，一名苻离，一名泽
芬。叶名 麻，可作浴汤。生河东川谷下泽。二月、八月采根，曝干。
当归为之使，恶旋复花。
今出近道，处处有，近下湿地，东间甚多。叶亦可作浴汤，道家以此香浴去尸虫，又用
合香也。
味辛，温，无毒。主风寒咳逆，香人衣体。生山谷。三月三日采根，熟洗，曝干。
根叶都似细辛，惟气小异尔。处处有之。方药少用，惟道家服之，令人身衣香。《山海
经》云∶可疗瘿。
〔谨案〕杜衡叶似葵，形如马蹄，故俗云马蹄香。生山之阴，水泽下湿地，根似细辛、
白前等，今俗
以及己代之，谬矣。及己独
茎，茎端四叶，叶间白花，殊无芳气，有毒，服之令人吐，惟疗疮疥，不可乱杜衡也。
Bitter, salty, neutral and slightly cold, non-toxic. It mainly treats sudden heat-fire sores with redness, scabies and itching, carbuncles and hemorrhoids, and the heat from saddle horses. It eliminates abscesses, edema, and painful masses. Also known as Luchang (Deer Intestine), Lushou (Deer Head), Macao (Horse Grass), and Ze Bai (Marsh Decay). It grows in river valleys of Jiangxia. The roots are harvested in August and dried in the sun. Found in nearby regions, its leaves resemble [missing character], and its root shape resembles Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), with a scent like spoiled bean paste, hence its name.
[Note] This herb does not grow in nearby regions but mostly on hills and ridges. Its leaves resemble Shuilang (Water Henbane) and Weixian (Peucedani Radix), growing in clusters, with yellow flowers and purple roots that turn dark sauce-colored. Its leaves do not resemble [missing character] at all.
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. It mainly treats leukorrhea with red and white discharge in women, blood obstruction, genital swelling, alternating chills and fever, wind attacking the head causing tearing, nourishes the skin to make it moist and lustrous, and can be used as facial cream. It treats wind pathogens, chronic thirst, vomiting, fullness in both hypochondria, wind pain, dizziness, and itchy eyes; it can be made into ointments or facial creams to moisturize and enhance complexion. Also known as Fangxiang (Fragrant), Bai [missing character], [missing character], Guan, Fuli, and Zefen. The leaves are named Ma [missing character] and can be used for bathing decoctions. It grows in lower marshy areas of river valleys in Hedong. The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun. Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) acts as its guide drug, and it is incompatible with Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos). Now found in nearby regions everywhere, especially near low wetlands and in the east. The leaves can also be used for bathing decoctions; Daoists use this fragrance for bathing to expel corpse worms, and it is also used in incense blending.
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. It mainly treats cough and reverse flow due to wind-cold, and makes clothes and body fragrant. It grows in mountain valleys. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month, thoroughly washed, and dried in the sun. The roots and leaves resemble Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), differing only slightly in scent. It is found everywhere. It is rarely used in medical prescriptions; only Daoists consume it, making the body and clothes fragrant. The Classic of Mountains and Seas states: It can treat goiter. [Note] Dumeng's leaves resemble Malva, shaped like horse hooves, hence commonly called Matixiang (Horse Hoof Fragrance). It grows in the shady side of mountains, in water marshes and low wetlands. The roots resemble Xixin and Baiqian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix). Nowadays, people mistakenly substitute it with Jiji (Dichroae Radix). Jiji has a single stem, four leaves at the stem tip, white flowers between the leaves, lacks fragrance, is toxic, causes vomiting when ingested, and is only suitable for treating sores and scabies; it must not be confused with Dumeng.