【歌】有色有痕明是疹，若无头粒是为斑。究其实火并虚火，更有阴斑与内伤。
【论】夫斑与疹不同。斑者，疮发 肿于外，有色点而无头粒，属少阳相火。疹者，小红靥，有头粒，
随出随收，收而复出，或在皮肤中不出者，名曰瘾疹，属少阴君火。然伤寒发斑有阳毒、温毒、胃烂之证。杂
病有阴证发斑者，亦出胸、背及手足，稀少而微红，此无根失守之火聚于胸中，
上独熏肺而为斑，如蚊迹之状，终不似阳斑之锦纹也，若误作热证，用寒药，非也。亦有内伤发斑，乃胃气极
虚，一身之火游行于外，宜补宜降，亦不可用凉药。二者虽十无二、三，然亦当辨。阳斑皆属风热挟虚而作，
盖红赤甚者，胃热也；紫者，胃烂也，半死半生；黑者死。阴、阳、虚、实，切脉验证可知矣。
醋疹
醋疹出不快者，升麻葛根汤。毒盛而内火炽者，消毒饮子。
升麻葛根汤
升麻（一钱半） 葛根（一钱半） 芍药（七分，炒） 甘草（六分）
水煎热服。
消毒饮子
防风（二钱，去芦） 荆芥（一钱半） 鼠粘子（三钱，研） 甘草（一钱半）
水煎热服。
隐疹
隐疹者，隐在皮肤不透出者，属脾风兼湿，红者兼火化，黄瓜水调伏龙肝末服之，不已再服。
阳斑
阳斑者，伤寒中之一证也，治方自有本科，此不多赘。
阴斑
阴斑，隐如蚊迹是也，调中汤加茴香、芍药。内伤斑者，胃气极虚，火上熏肺，宜补药降之，大建中汤。（见前。）
调中汤
治阴斑
苍术（一钱半，炒） 陈皮（一钱） 砂仁（一钱） 藿香（一钱） 芍药（一钱） 甘草（炙，一钱）
桔梗（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 白芷（一钱） 羌活（一钱） 枳
壳（一钱） 川芎（五分） 麻黄（半钱） 桂枝（五分）
姜水煎服。
[Verse]
Those with color and traces are clearly rashes (Zhen); those without granular heads are macules (Ban). Investigating their root, they involve both excess fire and deficiency fire; furthermore, there are yin macules and those caused by internal injury.
[Discussion]
Macules (Ban) and rashes (Zhen) are different. Macules manifest as sores swelling on the exterior, having color spots but no granular heads, and belong to the Shaoyang Ministerial Fire (Shaoyang Xiang Huo). Rashes manifest as small red spots with granular heads, appearing and receding rapidly, or recurring after receding; if they remain hidden within the skin without emerging, they are called hidden rashes (Yin Zhen), and belong to the Shaoyin Sovereign Fire (Shaoyin Jun Huo). However, macules induced by Cold Damage (Shanghan) include syndromes of Yang Toxin, Warm Toxin, and Stomach Rot. In miscellaneous diseases, macules may also arise from Yin syndromes, appearing on the chest, back, hands, and feet, being sparse and slightly red. This is due to rootless and unanchored fire gathering in the chest, steaming upward specifically into the Lung, forming macules resembling mosquito bites. Ultimately, these do not resemble the brocade-like patterns of Yang macules. If mistakenly treated as a Heat syndrome using cold-natured herbs, it is incorrect. There are also cases of macules arising from internal injury, where Stomach Qi is extremely deficient, causing the fire of the whole body to wander to the exterior. Such cases require tonification and descending methods, and cool-natured herbs should not be used. Although these two types account for less than two or three out of ten, differentiation is necessary. Yang macules are all caused by Wind-Heat combined with deficiency. Specifically, severe redness indicates Stomach Heat; purple color indicates Stomach Rot, signifying a condition half-dead and half-alive; black color indicates death. Yin and Yang, Deficiency and Excess can be verified through pulse diagnosis.
Acetic Rash (Cu Zhen)
For acetic rash that fails to emerge smoothly, use Shengma Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Pueraria Decoction). For cases with abundant toxin and blazing internal fire, use Xiaodu Yin Zi (Detoxification Decoction).
Shengma Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Pueraria Decoction)
Rhizoma Cimicifugae (Shengma, 1.5 qian) Radix Puerariae Lobatae (Gegen, 1.5 qian) Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao, 0.7 qian, stir-fried) Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao, 0.6 qian)
Decoct in water and take warm.
Xiaodu Yin Zi (Detoxification Decoction)
Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng, 2 qian, remove rhizome) Herba Schizonepetae (Jingjie, 1.5 qian) Fructus Arctii (Niubangzi, 3 qian, crushed) Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao, 1.5 qian)
Decoct in water and take warm.
Hidden Rash (Yin Zhen)
Hidden rash refers to rashes concealed within the skin without emerging. It belongs to Spleen Wind combined with Dampness. If red, it involves Fire transformation. Take powder of Cauda Argillae Rubra (Fulonggan) mixed with cucumber juice. Repeat administration if ineffective.
Yang Macule (Yang Ban)
Yang macule is a syndrome within Cold Damage. Its treatment protocols are detailed in relevant chapters, so further elaboration is omitted here.
Yin Macule (Yin Ban)
Yin macule appears faintly like mosquito bites. Use Tiaozhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) added with Fructus Foeniculi (Huixiang) and Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao). For macules caused by internal injury, where Stomach Qi is extremely deficient and fire steams upward to the Lung, use tonifying herbs to descend the fire. The formula is Da Jianzhong Tang (Great Construct the Middle Decoction). (See previous section.)
Tiaozhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction)
For treating Yin Macule
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Cangzhu, 1.5 qian, stir-fried) Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chenpi, 1 qian) Fructus Amomi (Sharen, 1 qian) Herba Agastaches (Huoxiang, 1 qian) Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao, 1 qian) Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao, 1 qian, honey-fried) Radix Platycodi (Jiegeng, 1 qian) Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 1 qian) Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi, 1 qian) Radix Notopterygii (Qianghuo, 1 qian) Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Zhike, 1 qian) Radix Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong, 0.5 qian) Herba Ephedrae (Mahuang, 0.5 qian) Ramulus Cinnamomi (Guizhi, 0.5 qian)
Decoct with ginger-infused water and take.