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The human eyes are like the sun and moon in the sky; they observe all things and perceive the finest details, reaching everywhere. Just as the sun and moon may occasionally be obscured by wind, clouds, thunder, and rain, blindness in the eyes is caused by the harm of the Four Qi (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness) and the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Sorrow, Fear, Fright). Generally speaking, the eyes are the gathering place of the essence of the Five Zang Organs and are vital to the whole body. Therefore, the Five Zang Organs are divided into the Five Wheels and Eight Palaces, named after the Eight Trigrams.

Regarding the Five Wheels: The Liver belongs to Wood, called the Wind Wheel, corresponding to the cornea/pupil area (Wu Jing) in the eye; the Heart belongs to Fire, called the Blood Wheel, corresponding to the canthi (inner and outer corners of the eyes); the Spleen belongs to Earth, called the Flesh Wheel, corresponding to the upper and lower eyelids; the Lungs belong to Metal, called the Qi Wheel, corresponding to the sclera (white part of the eye); the Kidneys belong to Water, called the Water Wheel, corresponding to the pupil.

As for the Eight Palaces, they have names but no fixed positions: The Fu organ of the Gallbladder is the Heaven Palace; the Fu organ of the Bladder is the Earth Palace (Currently changed to Mountain Palace due to the later diagram of the Eight Palaces for easier memorization without harm, following this convention); the Fu organ of the Mingmen (Gate of Life) is the Water Palace (Currently changed to Fire Palace, following this convention); the Fu organ of the Large Intestine is the Mountain Palace (Currently changed to Wind Palace, following this convention); the Fu organ of the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) is the Marsh Palace (Currently changed to the Fu organ of the Lungs, following this convention). Although these constitute the root of the eyes, they rely on blood to envelop and connect the Five Zang Organs. If wind-heat accumulates internally, or if the Qi of the Seven Emotions becomes stagnant and fails to disperse, it attacks upward to the eyes, manifesting according to the respective Zang Organ involved. Symptoms may include swelling and pain, photophobia with excessive tearing, or the formation of opacities/membranes leading to dim vision or blindness. There are seventy-two types of such manifestations, and treatment methods must investigate the underlying causes.

For wind pathogens, use dispersing methods; for heat pathogens, use cooling methods; for Qi stagnation, use regulating and smoothing methods. One must never lightly resort to needle-knife incisions or cauterization. Even if accidental recovery occurs, it is merely luck; otherwise, the harm could be severe. Furthermore, one must not overuse cold-natured prescriptions, lest they freeze the blood vessels, causing coagulation and stasis, which leads to chronic diseases. Medication should be prescribed based on the patient's age and the deficiency or excess of their constitution. Additionally, those with Kidney Deficiency may suffer from dull eyes or cold-type opacities; treatment should focus on warming and tonifying the Lower Yuan and benefiting Kidney Water. People in the North suffer from eye diseases most frequently, caused by exposure to wind and sand during the day and sleeping on heated kang beds at night, where the two types of heat steam together. Treatment often employs cold medicines. This is because the innate constitution of Northern people differs from that of Southern people. After the eruption of smallpox or measles, toxic factors may stagnate in the Heart and Liver meridians, unable to resolve spontaneously, erupting into the eyes and damaging the pupils. Historically, there has been no established standard method for treating this condition.