夫在天之风。在地为木。在人为肝。惟肝则主风。在天之热（暄炽燠暑热之用也）。在
地
为火
在
地为
然之
脾。
燥喜伤肺。寒喜伤肾。而暑喜伤心包络（心包络曰膻中在胸膈间主暑故暑气伏于三焦膈
胃之
胜。
矣
聚
形寒饮冷肺之害。饥饱劳倦脾之伤。外之六气相乘。内之七情相感。凡是数者
脏
之邪。因其所主而寻其某脏所受之处。则得之矣。心之主血。所藏者神。上应
其声笑。其色赤。其臭焦。其味苦。其液汗。肝主筋。所藏者魂。上应眼。外
呼。其色青。其臭臊。其味酸。其液泪。肾主骨。所藏者精与志。上应耳。外
呻。其色黑。其臭腐。其味咸。其液唾（肾冷多唾肾热多渴）。肺主气。所藏者
外应皮毛。其声哭。其色白。其臭腥。其味辛。其液涕。脾主肌肉。所藏者竟
外应四支。其声歌。其色黄。其臭香。其味甘。其液涎。故心肺在上。主脉
藏精血也。脾居中州。又所以为精血脉气之养也。心之平脉。浮大而散。
肾之平脉沉濡而滑。肺之平脉。短涩而浮。脾之平脉。和缓而大。平者
春弦。夏钩（叔和云夏洪取火脉来盛之义）。秋毛。冬石。以其四时当旺
四时各旺七十有二日。土为季脉。每季之月。寄旺一十八日。春则弦缓
缓。冬则沉缓。合四季而论。则亦七十有二矣。春弦者。端直之状。细
浮大而散。来疾去迟是也。秋毛者。稀软之状。轻虚似浮是也。冬石
疾是也。土之脉温浓。气行乎脏腑之中。平和不可得见。其衰则现焉
盖应时而略见耳。其中须有谷神胃气之和。若弦如张弓弦。钩如操
如夺索去如弹石。此皆危脉也。此绝无胃气也。其能久乎。若夫春
火脉。冬得土脉。四季得木脉。其与心之脉克肺。肺之脉克肝。肝
肾之脉克心。此则皆为邪也一藏无气。而可以为人乎。然则诸府
洪。大肠微涩。膀胱微沉。胃微缓。而胆微弦急。此无他。腑与
其近似者矣。抑古人所谓九脏者。又何如耶。曰。形脏四。一者
四者胸中。神藏五。在心藏神。在肝藏魂。在肾藏志。肺藏魄
色者神之旗。五脏已散其色。必夭槁怪异。当夭亡必矣。抑犹
候虽不同。而为寒为虚一也。数实长洪。其形虽不类。而为热
病出于肝。诸脉皆缓。吾知其病出于脾。诸脉皆涩。吾知其病
乎。脉皆沉滑。病不在肾乎。若合脏腑而观。假如数在左寸。
入于心。浮之而得。则热入于小肠。迟在左尺。迟之主寒也。
而得。则寒入膀胱。其余以此推之。
The wind in heaven transforms into wood on earth, and corresponds to the Liver in humans. The Liver exclusively governs wind.
The heat in heaven (referring to the function of warmth, blazing heat, and summer heat) transforms into fire on earth, and corresponds to the Heart in humans.
Dryness tends to injure the Lung, Cold tends to injure the Kidney, and Summer-heat tends to injure the Pericardium (the Pericardium, also known as Danzhong, is located between the chest and diaphragm and governs summer-heat; thus, summer-heat lies latent within the Sheng-Fu Qi of the Sanjiao, diaphragm, stomach, and intestines).
Exposure to cold and consumption of cold drinks are harms to the Lung; irregular eating and overexertion are injuries to the Spleen. External pathogenic factors (Six Evils) mutually attack, and internal emotional factors (Seven Emotions) mutually interact. All such conditions constitute pathogenic factors of the Zang organs. By tracing back to which Zang organ is affected based on its governing relationships, one can identify the cause.
The Heart governs Blood and houses the Shen (Spirit); it manifests externally as laughter, corresponds to the color red, the odor scorched, the taste bitter, and the fluid sweat.
The Liver governs the Tendons and houses the Hun (Ethereal Soul); it manifests externally through the eyes and shouting, corresponds to the color green, the odor musky, the taste sour, and the fluid tears.
The Kidney governs the Bones and houses the Jing (Essence) and Zhi (Will); it manifests externally through the ears and groaning, corresponds to the color black, the odor putrid, the taste salty, and the fluid saliva (Cold in the Kidney leads to excessive saliva; Heat in the Kidney leads to excessive thirst).
The Lung governs Qi and houses the Po (Corporeal Soul); it manifests externally on the skin and hair, corresponds to the sound weeping, the color white, the odor fishy, the taste pungent, and the fluid mucus.
The Spleen governs the Muscles and houses the Yi (Intellect); it manifests externally on the four limbs, corresponds to the sound singing, the color yellow, the odor fragrant, the taste sweet, and the fluid drool.
Therefore, the Heart and Lung are located superiorly, governing the Mai (Vessels) and storing Jing and Blood. The Spleen resides in the Central Region (Zhongzhou) and serves as the nourishment for Jing, Blood, Vessels, and Qi.
The normal pulse of the Heart is floating, large, and scattered. The normal pulse of the Kidney is deep, soft, and slippery. The normal pulse of the Lung is short, rough, and floating. The normal pulse of the Spleen is harmonious, moderate, and large.
The "Ping" (Normal) pulses correspond to the seasons: Spring is Xian (Wiry), Summer is Gou (Hooked/Hong) [Shuhe stated that the Summer pulse is Hong, taking the meaning of the Fire pulse coming with vigor], Autumn is Mao (Feather-like), and Winter is Shi (Stone-like). This is because each season has its flourishing Qi.
Each season flourishes for 72 days. Earth Qi is the seasonal pulse, flourishing for 18 days in the last month of each season. In Spring, the pulse is Xian with Huan (Moderate); in Summer, Gou with Huan; in Autumn, Mao with Huan; in Winter, Shi with Huan. Considering all four seasons together, this amounts to 72 days.
Xian (Wiry) refers to a straight and long shape, fine and soft, light and void, resembling floating. Gou (Hooked/Hong) refers to a large and abundant shape, floating and large, scattered, coming swiftly and departing slowly. Mao (Feather-like) refers to a sparse and soft shape, light and void, resembling floating. Shi (Stone-like) refers to a hard shape, pressing like throwing stones, departing swiftly.
The Earth pulse is warm and dense; Qi circulates within the Zang and Fu organs. Its peaceful state is not visible; it only appears when declining, manifesting slightly according to the season. It must contain the harmony of Gu Shen (Grain Spirit) and Wei Qi (Stomach Qi). If the pulse is like a drawn bowstring, or like grasping a rope, or like pulling a rope, or like throwing stones, these are all critical pulses indicating the complete absence of Wei Qi. How long can one survive?
If in Spring one sees the Gou pulse (Heart/Fire), in Summer the Mao pulse (Lung/Metal), in Autumn the Shi pulse (Kidney/Water), or in Winter the Xian pulse (Liver/Wood), or if in the Four Seasons one sees pulses that overcome each other—such as the Heart pulse overcoming the Lung, Lung overcoming Liver, Liver overcoming Kidney, and Kidney overcoming Heart—these are all pathological (Xie) pulses. Can a person exist if one Zang organ lacks Zheng Qi (Upright Qi)?
As for the pulses of the Fu organs: the Small Intestine pulse is Hong (Surging); the Large Intestine pulse is slightly Se (Rough); the Bladder pulse is slightly Chen (Deep); the Stomach pulse is slightly Huan (Moderate); and the Gallbladder pulse is slightly Xian Ji (Wiry and Urgent). There is no other reason for this; the pulses of the Fu organs approximate those of their paired Zang organs.
Furthermore, what did the ancients mean by the Nine Zang? They replied: There are four Form Zang (Xing Zang): 1. Head and horns (facial features), 2. Eyes, ears, mouth, and teeth, 3. Hands, 4. Feet. There are five Spirit Zang (Shen Zang): The Heart houses Shen; the Liver houses Hun; the Lung houses Po; the Spleen houses Yi; the Kidney houses Zhi.
Facial complexion is the banner of the Shen. If the colors of the Five Zang have dispersed from their true hues, one will inevitably see withered, strange appearances, indicating imminent death.
Although pulse indications vary, they ultimately reduce to either Cold or Deficiency. Pulses that are rapid (Shu), excess (Shi), long (Chang), or surging (Hong) may differ in form but all indicate Heat.
If the disease originates from the Liver, the pulses will all be Xian (Wiry); I know the disease originates from the Liver. If the pulses are all Huan (Moderate), I know the disease originates from the Spleen. If the pulses are all Se (Rough), I know the disease originates from the Lung. If the pulses are all Chen Hua (Deep and Slippery), is the disease not in the Kidney?
Observing in conjunction with Zang-Fu locations: For example, if the pulse is rapid (Shu) at the Left Cun position, heat has entered the Heart. If it is obtained by superficial palpation (Fu), heat has entered the Small Intestine. If the pulse is slow (Chi) at the Left Chi position, and Chi indicates Cold, if it is obtained by deep palpation (An), cold has entered the Bladder. The rest can be deduced in this manner.