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Human urine (297) has a salty taste and a cold nature; it is heavy and sinking, belonging to Yin. Saltiness enters the blood level, thus it is effective in clearing various types of hemorrhage due to reckless blood movement, such as hematemesis, hemoptysis, and epistaxis; it treats mania caused by blood heat, subdues deficient fire, calms panting and shortness of breath, reduces phlegm stagnation, relieves irritability and heat, promotes urination and defecation, treats aphonia due to summerheat-yang, syncope due to traumatic blood stasis, difficult labor with retained placenta, and injuries from venomous snakes, dogs, and other insects. However, if there are false-heat symptoms accompanied by loose stools, or vomiting due to deficiency of stomach Qi, it must not be used recklessly.

Placenta humana (298), also known as Hundun Yi (Garment of Chaos), has a sweet and salty taste and a warm nature. It can tonify essence and blood deficiency in both men and women, especially treating epilepsy, loss of willpower, scanty spirit, palpitations, anxiety, and emaciation, according to old theories. However, ancients rarely used this substance; its use began in Chen’s *Bencao* (Materia Medica). Later, Zhu Danxi again praised its efficacy, making it popular at that time. In my early years, I was also misled by the theory of "using humans to supplement humans" and once prepared and used it. After repeated use, I found no miraculous effects. Regarding preparation methods: if crushed raw, tonification should not be done with raw material; if stewed or dried cooked, it is merely like eating meat. I have also seen people boil it in wine and eat it, which inevitably leads to abdominal rupture and diarrhea later, primarily because of its slippery nature. Recently, some boil it purely in wine to make a paste, remove impurities, store it, and take the paste daily, which seems better than previous methods. Nevertheless, since it has left the body and lost vital energy, and having no miraculous effects, how can one bear to consume it, thereby damaging the congenital essence of the fetus? Dongfang Shuo said, "When the copper mountain collapses in the west, the bell in Luoyang responds in the east." This is the natural principle between mother and child, which cannot be ignored. Therefore, I state these views to advise people to use it sparingly.

Hair waste (299) has a slightly bitter taste and a warm nature with vigorous Qi; it ascends and belongs to Yang within Yin. In ancient materia medica, it was only said to treat cough, resolve blood stasis, stop five types of strangury, red and white dysentery, difficulty in urination and defecation, pediatric convulsions, dysphagia, carbuncles, sores, and boils; when burned to ash and blown into the nose, it can stop epistaxis. However, investigating its nature and taste principles, it naturally grows from Yin and from below; abundant blood leads to lush hair, obtaining the vital energy of Yin and Yang. When processed by fire roasting, its color becomes very black, strongly strengthening the Kidney, and its Qi is vigorous, strongly tonifying the Lung. This demonstrates Yang within Yin and movement within stillness; in the Yin aspect, it can nourish the form, strengthen sinews and bones, and expel pus from sores and smallpox; in the Yang aspect, it can benefit the spirit, dispel cold pathogens, and warm the Qi Sea. It is truly one of the most essential medicines for essence and Qi. Compared to Placenta humana and Deer horn gelatin, which are heavy and turbid in Yin, it differs greatly. Among all tonifying herbs, apart from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Prepared Rehmanniae Radix (Shudihuang), this should be considered the next best choice.

Nacreum (300) has a salty taste and a slightly cool nature. It can descend fire, clear phlegm, resolve blood stasis, stop hematemesis and epistaxis, relieve consumption fever, clear lung abscess and flaccidity, and clear irritability and heat in the heart and diaphragm. When burned and ground into powder, it effectively treats various damp-related ulcers, chancres, severe sores, oral and dental gangrene, insect-bite swelling and pain, burns, scalds, and other sores, as well as bleeding from various orifices; it generates flesh and tissue, and is good at resolving heat toxins. Using it raw and grinding it into powder is also acceptable.