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Longgu (Dragon Bone, B.174) is sweet in flavor and neutral in nature, possessing astringent properties. Its qi enters the Liver and Kidney meridians; therefore, it can calm the Shen (Spirit), stabilize the Hun and Po (Ethereal and Corporeal Souls), suppress palpitations and fright, astringe the intestines and stomach, expel pathogenic factors, eliminate nocturnal emissions with sexual dreams, hematemesis, epistaxis, spermatorrhea, and nocturnal seminal loss; it收敛s deficiency sweating, stops diarrhea and dysentery, reduces urination frequency, prohibits intestinal wind bleeding and hematuria, treats prolapse of the rectum due to deficiency and slipping, women's metrorrhagia, leukorrhea turbidity, blood loss, fetal leakage, and pediatric wind-heat convulsions. It also treats intestinal abscesses, visceral toxins, internal carbuncles, and genital ulcers; it consolidates pus and sores, generates muscle tissue, and promotes flesh growth. The principle that "astringency can treat collapse" belongs to this category. Preparation requires boiling in wine and baking until dry, or processing by water-floating method, or steaming with black soybeans until cooked and then drying in the sun for use.

Haipiaoxiao (Cuttlebone, B.175) is the bone of the cuttlefish, salty in flavor and slightly warm in nature, serving as a herb for the Foot-Jueyin Liver and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridians. Salty flavors enter the Blood level; thus, it specializes in treating blood disorders, such as amenorrhea due to blood exhaustion, blood stasis obstruction, metrorrhagia, bloody strangury, red and white leukorrhea turbidity, blood masses, hematemesis, lower body bleeding, umbilical and abdominal pain, genital ulcers and swellings; it also treats phlegm-malaria, dissipates goiter qi, and addresses male genital swelling and pain, tonifies essence, secures essence, aids conception, pediatric dysentery with pus and blood, etc., all of which can be taken as powder mixed with water. It is particularly effective for hot tears in the eyes and grinding away corneal opacities; it should be ground into powder and mixed with honey for eye drops. Powdered form can be applied externally to pediatric malnutrition sores, smallpox sores, foul-smelling purulent wet lesions, chancre sores, traumatic bleeding, burns, and various other sores. Calcined to retain its nature and taken with wine, it treats female vaginal pain after childbirth. Mixed with egg yolk, it is applied to pediatric thrush. Mixed with Puhuang powder, it is applied to swollen tongue bleeding like a spring. Mixed with Huaihua powder and insufflated into the nose, it stops epistaxis. Mixed with Moschus and insufflated into the ear, it treats cerumen deafness. Cuttlefish is good at tonifying essence and qi, especially for treating female blood exhaustion and amenorrhea.

Muli (Oyster Shell, B.176) has a slightly salty and slightly astringent flavor, and neutral qi. Using this herb relies on its astringency to consolidate and gather, and its saltiness to soften hardness. It specifically enters the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian and, depending on compatibility, can travel through various meridians. It can resolve alternating chills and fever from Cold Damage and Warm Malaria, dissipate blood stasis, transform old phlegm, remove irritability and heat, stop convulsions and heart-spleen pain, relieve throat obstruction and cough, hernia masses and accumulations, dysentery with red and white discharge, astringe the intestines to stop defecation, prohibit ghostly intercourse and residual dripping, stop slippery spermatorrhea and leukorrhea, as well as women's metrorrhagia and leukorrhea leakage, and pediatric wind-phlegm deficiency sweating. Combined with Shudi (Prepared Rehmannia Root), it consolidates essence and qi and prohibits enuresis. Combined with Mahuanggen (Ephedra Root), it收敛s yin sweat. Combined with Duzhong (Eucommia Bark), it stops night sweats. Combined with Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), it dries spleen dampness. Combined with Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), it effectively dissipates carbuncle swellings. Combined with Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), it treats hard and painful hypochondrium. Combined with Tianhuafen (Trichosanthes Root), it dissipates upper jiao goiters, scrofula, and tubercles.

Chanshijia (Pangolin Scales, B.177) is salty and neutral in flavor, slightly cold in nature. It can unblock collaterals, reach interstices, eliminate mountainous malarial pathogens, wind-bi stiffness and pain, treat pediatric five evils crying from fright, women's ghostly weeping, promote lactation, dissipate carbuncle swellings, drain pus and blood, eliminate sores, tinea, hemorrhoids, and fistulas, unblock orifices, and kill parasites. As an assistant to tonic herbs to circulate channels, it effectively induces eruption of smallpox. It may be charred and added to decoctions, or calcined to retain its nature and taken with wine using a measure of one cubic inch. It can also be used externally to apply to malignant sores.

Qingyudan (Black Carp Gallbladder, B.178) is bitter in flavor and cold in nature. Due to its green color, it enters the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. It can reduce red eye swelling and pain, treat dim vision, induce vomiting of phlegm-saliva in throat obstruction, apply to hot sores and malignant ulcers, and also dissolve fish bone impaction.

Baihuashe (Bungarus multicinctus, B.179) is Qishe (Viper). It is sweet and salty in flavor, warm in nature, and toxic. All snakes have downward-pointing nostrils, but this snake has upward-pointing nostrils, dragon head, tiger mouth, black body with white patterns, twenty-four square-patterned stripes on the flanks, four long fangs, and a "Buddha nail" on the tail tip. When used, remove three cun each from the head and tail to prevent toxicity. Soak in wine for three nights in spring and autumn, one night in summer, and five nights in winter, roast over fire, remove skin and bones, take the meat, bake dry, seal tightly for storage, and it will not spoil even after a long time. The nature of all snakes is penetrating, but this snake is especially rapid; thus, it excels in treating wind diseases, penetrating marrow, traversing zang-fu organs, reaching muscles and skin, going nowhere without reaching. It is a key herb for treating wind-damp bi, joint pain, limb contracture, inability to walk or stand, sudden wind itching, tetanus, leprosy-like tinea, pediatric wind convulsions, scrofula, yaws, wind-toxin malignant sores, etc. Those taking snake wine or medicines must strictly avoid exposure to wind.

Zhenzhu (Pearl, B.180) is slightly sweet and slightly salty. It can calm the Heart, brighten the eyes, remove corneal opacities, and grind away barriers. Applied to the face, it removes spots and makes the skin lustrous and healthy. It also treats pediatric wind-heat and fright, stabilizes the Hun and Po. Powdered form can be applied to smallpox boils and toxins.

Guiban (Tortoise Plastron, B.181) is slightly sweet and slightly salty, slightly cold in nature, and Yin in quality. It treats phlegm-malaria, breaks firm masses, dispels damp-bi, Cold Damage, consumptive fever, cold-heat in bones, eliminates five types of hemorrhoids, genital ulcers, and various sores.
Guiban tonifies Yin blood, clears deficient Yin fire, reconnects sinews and bones,退s consumptive fever, treats soreness and pain in waist and legs, removes blood stasis, stops dysentery and leukorrhea leakage, facilitates difficult labor, and dissipates carbuncle toxins.
Calcined ash can be applied to stubborn pediatric scalp sores, female genital sores, leg ulcers, and also treats rectal prolapse. Guiban paste has the same functions as Guiban but with stronger properties, belonging purely to Yin. It retreats isolated Yang deficiency consumptive fever and flaming deficient fire. It is a key herb for treating hematemesis, epistaxis, lung-heat cough and asthma, thirst and restlessness, hot sweating, palpitations, delirium, and mania. However, its nature is Yin-cold and it easily consumes Yang qi; thus, it is strictly contraindicated for false heat due to Yang deficiency, and deficiency-cold of the Spleen-Stomach and Mingmen. Do not mix them. Misuse will eventually lead to damaging the Spleen and hindering appetite.

Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus, B.182) is pungent and salty, warm in nature, slightly toxic. Pungency disperses, saltiness descends, and toxicity attacks toxicity. It is light and floating, rising, containing Yin within Yang. Thus, it disperses wind-phlegm, removes head wind, dissipates tubercles and scrofula, wards off phlegm-malaria, breaks firm masses, dissipates critical conditions of wind-heat throat obstruction, and especially treats pediatric wind-phlegm acute fright and external invasion, induces eruption of smallpox, attacks smallpox toxins, stops night crying, kills three parasites, treats female milk stasis, metrorrhagia, and leukorrhea. Powdered form can be applied to erysipelas and carbuncles, extracting roots with extreme efficacy. It removes facial spots and scar marks from various sores, golden wounds, hemorrhoids, pediatric malnutrition erosion, gum ulceration, double tongue and wooden tongue, adult wind-parasitic toothache, and skin wind-rash itching.

Chantu (Toad, B.183) is commonly known as Lai Xama. It has two sacs between the eyebrows, granules all over its body containing Chan Su (Toad Venom), moves very slowly, cannot jump, and does not croak. This creature receives the essence of Earth Qi, corresponds to the Moon Soul, possesses spiritual nature, burrows in earth eating insects, and can subdue centipedes. It enters the Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian. It dissipates phlegm-stagnation masses, breaks firm masses and swelling, treats five malnourishments and eight dysenteries, pediatric wasting-thirst fever, kills malnutrition parasites, dissipates carbuncle swellings and rat-like scrofula, yin abscesses, and malignant sores. To treat tetanus, chop with Sichuan pepper, cook in wine, and drink; profuse sweating indicates cure. It also antidotes dog bites. Calcined ash mixed with oil is highly effective for applying to chronic malignant sores with parasites. For critical cases of plague toxin causing macules, remove entrails, crush raw one or two specimens, squeeze juice and drink, resulting in immediate recovery; or take calcined ash with water soup, which is also good.

Chansu (Toad Venom) is pungent and numbing, hot in nature, and toxic. It mainly treats back carbuncles, furuncles, boils, and all kinds of malignant toxins. For wind-parasitic toothache and bleeding gums, dip a paper twist in a small amount and apply to the gum crevice; pressing stops the bleeding.

Shuizhi (Leech, B.184) is salty and bitter, slightly cold in nature, and toxic. It drives out evil blood and blood stasis, breaks blood masses and accumulations, unblocks amenorrhea, benefits water passages, and induces abortion. It sucks red-white wandering rashes, carbuncle swellings and toxins, and unresolved blood stasis from fractures and falls. For preparation, select those from fields that suck blood from human bellies. Sun-dry, finely chop, stir-fry over low heat until yellow and cooked before use; or fry in pig fat collected in winter until dark yellow. Otherwise, they survive in the abdomen, reproduce, and harm people. If harmed, drinking several sheng of field mud water or yellow earth water will cause them to pass out completely, as this creature follows Earth Qi when it encounters it. Alternatively, drinking two or three sheng of fresh ox or sheep blood with pig fat also expels them.

Biejia (Softshell Turtle Carapace, B.185) is salty in flavor and neutral in qi; it is a herb for the Blood aspect of the Liver, Spleen, and Kidney. It dissipates firm masses and accumulations, treats warm malaria, removes blood-deficiency consumptive fever between joints, female blood masses and evil blood, five-color leukorrhea, unblocked menstruation, treats difficult labor, induces abortion, postpartum chills and fever, Yin prolapse, pediatric convulsions, smallpox irritability and panting, dissipates sores and intestinal abscesses, traumatic blood stasis, consolidates ulcerated toxins, and removes genital ulcers, hemorrhoids, fistulas, and malignant flesh. However, live large turtles must be selected, meat removed, boiled in vinegar until dry, roasted, and used. Cooked ones with exposed ribs are unsuitable.

Wugong (Centipede, B.186) is also called Qu. Red-legged ones are superior. Pungent, warm, and toxic. It eats various snakes, kills snake, insect, fish, and ghost-infection toxins, removes three parasites, attacks scrofula, bubo, hemorrhoids, and erysipelas, and treats pediatric wind convulsions, umbilical wind, erysipelas, and bald sores. Since this insect is toxic, it can attack toxins, but should not be used lightly. If used in medicine, remove head and feet, roast over fire until cooked before use.

Chantui (Cicada Slough, B.187) is slightly sweet and slightly salty, slightly cool in nature. This creature drinks wind and absorbs dew, possessing extremely clear and empty qi; thus, it treats wind-heat syndromes. It is also good at shedding and transforming, so it treats smallpox stagnation and slow eruption. For pediatric convulsions, high fever with irritability and thirst, opisthotonos and lockjaw, crying and night crying, wind-heat blurred vision and corneal opacities, boil sores and toxins, wind-rash itching and pain, tetanus, etc., decocting in water is suitable. Or grind into powder, mix with well water, and take one qian to treat aphonia.

Banmao (Mylabris, B.188) is pungent, hot in nature, and highly toxic. It attacks rat-like scrofula, boils, carbuncles, breaks blood accumulation and hernia masses, damages fetal origin, antidotes boil toxins, dog bites, sandfly poison, mother-gu poison, calomel poison, applies to malignant sores, and removes dead tissue and rotten flesh. Preparation requires removing wings and feet, stir-frying with glutinous rice until cooked before use. Stir-frying with bran or boiling with vinegar is also acceptable. If poisoned, only black bean juice, mung bean juice, indigo juice, Coptis chinensis Decoction, strong tea, and scallion juice can antidote it.

Fefang (Honeycomb, B.189) is slightly sweet and slightly salty, and toxic. It treats bee venom and swellings. Mixed with tangled hair and snake slough, calcined to ash, and taken with wine (two cubic inches), it treats malignant carbuncles, deep-seated carbuncles, boils, and various toxins; also treats red-white dysentery, enuresis and incontinence, and impotence. Decocted water can wash fox-urine sores, breast carbuncles, bee sting malignant sores, and toxin rushing to eyes after febrile disease. Rinsing teeth stops wind-parasitic toothache. Roasted, ground, mixed with pig fat, and applied to scrofula forming sores.

Wulingzhi (Trogopterus Dung, B.190) is bitter in flavor and pungent in qi, good at entering the Jueyin meridian; it is a Qi-moving herb within the Blood. It greatly moves Blood and Qi, expels stasis, and stops pain. For men and women with Qi reversal in Blood causing stabbing pain in abdomen and hypochondrium, or women with amenorrhea, postpartum blood stasis, men's hernia, intestinal wind bloody dysentery, cold qi and evil qi, various heart-abdominal pains, body blood-bi, hypochondriac and rib bone-joint pain, the effect is very swift. For women with metrorrhagia, excessive menstruation, and continuous red leukorrhea, half-charred and half-raw, taken with wine is suitable. It also treats pediatric Qi-reversal epilepsy, kills parasite toxins, antidotes drug toxins, and moves Qi extremely fast. However, its odor and taste are strong and pungent-fishy, difficult to bear; it is good at driving out excess stagnation. For those with insufficient Blood and Qi, it severely damages True Qi and easily induces vomiting; it should be avoided. Preparation requires washing with wine to remove sand and stones, sun-drying, and adding to medicine.

Quanxie (Scorpion, B.191) is sweet and pungent, and toxic. Scorpions originate from the East, are green and belong to Wood; they are herbs of the Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian. Thus, they treat stroke and various winds, open wind-phlegm, facial paralysis, hemiplegia, speech impediment, malaria, deafness, hernia, wind-sores and hives, pediatric wind-phlegm convulsions; they are also key herbs for treating wind diseases.

Wenge (Clam Shell / Galla Chinensis, B.192) is Galla Chinensis. Sour and astringent, slightly cool in nature, capable of consolidating and descending. Thus, it descends Lung Fire, transforms phlegm-saliva, generates fluids, and antidotes alcohol toxicity. It treats heart-abdominal pain, dream emission and spermatorrhea, carbuncle toxins, and throat obstruction. Stops cough and thirst, hematemesis and blood loss, intestinal wind and visceral toxins, slippery chronic dysentery, persistent hemorrhoidal bleeding. Antidots gu poison and insect toxins, women's metrorrhagia and leukorrhea turbidity, uterine prolapse, pediatric night crying, rectal prolapse; all can be taken as powder. If decocted, it can wash red eyes with wet rot, skin wind-damp tinea and leprosy, intestinal hemorrhoids, and rectal prolapse. Powdered form can apply to golden wounds and fractures, generate muscle, and consolidate toxins.

Baiyaojian (Fermented Galla, B.193) is fermented Galla Chinensis. Sour, astringent, slightly sweet, with similar functions to Galla Chinensis. But due to fermentation, its Qi is slightly floating, and its taste is slightly sweet and pure; thus, it is used to clear phlegm, quench thirst, stop cough, and consolidate dissipative diseases, especially excellent as pills for holding in the mouth, and superior for treating lower jiao slippery diseases.

Wo Niu (Snail, B.194) carries its shell while walking. Salty, cold in nature, slightly toxic. Clears fire and resolves heat. Raw juice drunk reduces throat obstruction, stops thirst and epistaxis, unblocks deafness, treats swellings, hemorrhoids, and fistulas, and pediatric wind-heat convulsions. Mixed with Moschus, pounded and applied to the navel, greatly promotes urination, and also applies to rectal prolapse. Also treats centipede and scorpion stings, best applied after pounding. Without shell, named Yanxiu. Treats hot sores and carbuncle swellings. Adding a little Bingpian (Borneol), grinding and applying to hemorrhoid/fistula/prolapse heat-pain is best, and antidoting centipede venom is particularly swift.

Di Long (Earthworm, B.195) is salty, cold in nature, sinking, Yin, and toxic. Resolves heat toxins, benefits water passages. Mainly treats Cold Damage, burning malaria, jaundice, thirst, and incomplete urination/defecation. Kills snake masses, three parasites, corpse ghosts, gu poisons, and curare toxins. Treats mania, throat obstruction, wind-heat red eyes, cerumen and nasal polyps, scrofula, scrotal heat-swelling, rectal prolapse. Removing mud, dissolving in salt water, treats epidemic plague, high fever and mania, or pediatric wind-heat mania and acute convulsions; drinking juice is best. Can also apply to erysipelas and lacquer dermatitis. Fried and taken as powder, removes roundworms; can also apply to snake bite swelling/pain and spider bite toxins. Put in scallion tube to liquefy, treats deafness and centipede entering ear. If poisoned by earthworm, soaking or drinking salt water antidotes it. Feces named Liuyi Ni can apply to fire burns and cheek heat toxins, stops thirst, antidots plague irritability/manias, benefits small urination, unblocks five stranguries with heat-closure pain.

Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Egg Case, B.196) is the chamber where mantises raise offspring. Built in late autumn, attached to mulberry branches, about one cun long, thumb-sized, with multiple internal partitions, containing eggs like maggot eggs. Sweet and slightly salty, neutral in nature. Tonifies Qi and Essence, assists Yang and conception, treats male deficiency, impotence, dream emission, hernia, and enuresis; treats female blood closure and lumbar pain, unblocks five stranguries, benefits water passages. Cooked and eaten on an empty stomach stops urinary incontinence.