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In cases where infants and children cry day and night during the eruption of smallpox, one must differentiate between deficiency and excess, exterior and interior patterns to determine treatment. Those who cry because the toxin has not yet emerged from within or has not yet dispersed on the exterior are suffering from unresolved toxic qi. Crying accompanied by bright red, protruding pustules due to flourishing yang pathogenic fire is caused by pain in the smallpox base. Crying resulting from inherent deficiency of the Heart and Kidney, with pathogenic heat invading the Yin, is caused by the inability of the spirit to be contained or by restlessness due to irritative heat. Crying due to irregular diet or accidental food stagnation is caused by disharmony of Stomach Qi, leading to abdominal pain and distension. Understanding these causes and accurately differentiating the pattern allows for appropriate interventions: for those whose eruption has not emerged, employ methods to release the exterior and support the eruption; for those whose eruption has not dispersed, employ methods to resolve toxicity and transform stagnation; for flourishing fire, clear the heat; for deficient spirit, nourish the Yin. If the smallpox toxin is inherently mild but crying occurs without cause, it is mostly due to internal injury from diet or constipation of the bowels and bladder. In such cases, remove food stagnation or unblock obstruction, ensuring smooth flow of the exterior and interior and free circulation of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi, so that the Spirit remains peaceful and the smallpox heals well. Some claim that crying is either due to phlegm or heat, failing to investigate the root cause, which is a significant error.

Regarding smallpox and measles, urine should ideally be clear and long, and stool should be moist and firm, indicating that pathogenic factors are not latent and healthy Qi is not compromised. If urination is smooth, stool will likely be firm; even if there is no bowel movement for two or three days, it is not a concern. However, if urine volume is low, the disease will inevitably progress; if urination is obstructed, the condition will worsen, due to excessive fire. During the initial fever stage, stool should not be too dry; if there is no bowel movement for two or three days, mild lubrication is advisable. Otherwise, blockage of the intestines and stomach may impede the circulation of Ying and Wei Qi, causing the rash to appear more densely. After the eruption begins to rise, stool should be firmer. If it is too dry and there is no movement for four or five days, excessive heat may hinder scabbing, so mild purgation is appropriate.

1. For smallpox/measles with difficult urination and mild heat, Dao Chi San (Ledebouriella Decoction) is indicated. For difficult urination with severe heat, Ba Zheng San (Eight-Ingredient Polygonum Decoction) is indicated.
2. During fever from smallpox/measles, if stool is constipated and both interior and exterior exhibit heat, requiring purgation to vent toxicity: for mild cases, Chai Hu Yin Zi (Bupleurum Drink); for severe cases, San Huang Wan (Three-Yellow Pill); for very severe cases, Cheng Qi Tang (Descending the Qi Decoction).
3. From the rising phase until scabbing, if stool does not pass and fire is not strong, or if the patient is weak and cannot tolerate purgatives, only Zhu Dan Dao Fa (Pig Gallbladder Suppository Method) should be used, or inserting a sauce-pickled cucumber strip about the thickness of a finger into the anus to guide evacuation. Do not lightly use laxatives.
4. For complete obstruction of both stool and urine with severe internal heat, Ba Zheng San (Eight-Ingredient Polygonum Decoction) or Tong Guan San (Unblocking the Pass Powder) may be used according to suitability.
5. For severe internal heat toxicity causing dry, black, inverted smallpox lesions, restlessness, and constipation, Bai Xiang Wan (Hundred-Auspicious Pill) or Cheng Qi Tang (Descending the Qi Decoction) may be used. However, caution is required; do not use them lightly.
6. For lingering residual heat after smallpox/measles sinking into the Bladder causing difficult urination, Dao Chi San (Ledebouriella Decoction) or Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is indicated. For constipation, Si Shun Qing Liang Yin (Four-Obedience Cooling and Clearing Drink) is indicated.
Mr. Chen stated: For smallpox cases where there is no bowel movement for four or five days, boil a piece of tender pork fat in plain water, cut it into bean-sized pieces, and feed it to the child to moisten the viscera, facilitating the falling of scabs. Do not recklessly administer draining medicines, as this depletes Yuan Qi (Original Qi) internally and harms the child.
Mr. Xue stated: For the aforementioned conditions caused by internal accumulation of heat toxicity, She Gan Niu Bang Zi Tang (Belamcanda and Bubble Gum Seed Decoction) should be used to resolve it. It is also suitable for symptoms such as fever with thirst, mouth and tongue ulcers, and sore throat.