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According to *Chu Shi Yi Shu* (Remnant Books of Master Chu): The consorts and concubines of the Prince Xiaowang of Jianping were all beautiful but childless. He selected young women from common families who had not yet undergone the capping ceremony (coming-of-age ritual for men) or hairpin ceremony (for women) to serve in his harem, yet still had no offspring. The Prince asked, "Is there a method to obtain male heirs?" Cheng replied, "The union of man and woman must be at appropriate ages. Although a man's essence may become clear at sixteen, he should only marry at thirty; although a woman's Tian Gui (menstruation) may arrive at fourteen, she should only marry at twenty. This is to ensure that both Yin and Yang are complete and solid before intercourse, so that conception occurs, gestation proceeds smoothly, and the offspring is born robust, strong, and long-lived. Nowadays, girls who have not come of age have just begun their Tian Gui; if they approach men prematurely, their Yin Qi leaks early, damaging them before they are fully developed and agitating them before they are solid. Thus, intercourse fails to result in pregnancy, or if pregnant, fails to sustain it, resulting in fragile and short-lived children. This is why the Prince has no offspring. However, some women only bear daughters, while others only bear sons. If Your Highness could seek out women who frequently bear sons into your palace, there would be a way to obtain male heirs." The Prince said, "Very well." Within one year, six sons were born. The principle that Old Yang meets Young Yin, and Old Yin meets Young Yang, is also a way to conceive.

Yu Lin Zhu (New Causes, Formula 14), Zuo Gui Wan (Left Restoring Pill, New Supplement, Formula 4), You Gui Wan (Right Restoring Pill, New Supplement, Formula 5), Zan Yu Dan (Zan Yu Decoction, New Causes, Formula 14 again), Hai Shao Dan (Hai Shao Pill, Tonification 135), Quan Lu Wan (Whole Deer Pill, Tonification 127), Wu Bi Shan Yao Wan (Wu Bi Yam Pill, Tonification 136), Yan Nian Yi Si Dan (Yan Nian Yi Si Decoction, Gynecology 135), Da Bu Yin Wan (Da Bu Yin Pill, Cold Pathology 157), Ba Zhen Yi Mu Wan (Ba Zhen Motherwort Pill, Gynecology 138), Xu Si Jiang Sheng Dan (Xu Si Jiang Sheng Decoction, Gynecology 136), Nu Jin Dan (Nu Jin Decoction, Gynecology 133), Si Zhi Xiang Fu Wan (Si Zhi Cyperus Pill, Gynecology 132), He Che Zhong Yu Wan (He Che Jade-Planting Pill, Gynecology 137), Wu Ji Wan Si Fang (Black Chicken Pill Four Formulas, Gynecology 139 onwards), Hei Xi Dan (Hei Xi Pill, Heat Pathology 189).

Jia (abdominal mass) is another name for Ji Ju (accumulations and masses). *Nei Jing* (Inner Canon) only mentions Ji Ju and Shan Jia, without using the character "Zheng" (manifestation/syndrome); this was added by later generations. Generally, "Zheng" refers to signs; "Jia" refers to falsehood. Zheng denotes a mass with fixed shape, hardness, and immobility; Jia denotes a mass without fixed shape, which can gather and disperse. A formed mass may arise from blood stagnation, called Blood Jia, or from food retention, called Food Jia. An unformed mass exists only in the Qi level; when Qi stagnates, it gathers to form a visible shape, and when Qi moves, it disperses without a trace. This is the distinction between Zheng and Jia. Furthermore, there are those that are painful and those that are painless. Painful masses involve Qi and Blood, so the patient feels sensation; when Qi and Blood flow freely, the condition heals, making painful masses easier to treat. Painless masses indicate blocked Qi and Blood, forming separate sacs or pockets where medicines and foods cannot reach, making painless masses difficult to treat. This is another distinction in treatment. Others include: accumulation in the Lung called Xi Ben, accumulation in the Heart called Fu Liang, accumulation in the Spleen called Pi Qi, accumulation in the Liver called Fei Qi, and accumulation in the Kidney called Ben Tun. Later generations also mentioned Pi Pi and Pi Kuai, which differ only in location, hence different names. In summary, these are either in the Qi level or the Blood level. Understanding these two aspects covers the meanings of Zheng and Jia completely. However, Blood, Qi, and Jia each have deficiency and excess patterns; whether to use attacking or tonifying methods must be carefully examined and applied accurately. The principles of various classics are detailed separately in the Ji Ju section and should be consulted.
*Gu Kong Lun* states: Disease of the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) causes seven types of Shan (hernia/genital disorders) in men and Dai Xia (leukorrhea) and Jia Ju (masses) in women. Zhang Zihe said: Enuresis, strangury, impotence, bladder bi, seminal emission, and leukorrhea are all Shan diseases in men. If blood is depleted, menstruation stops, or after menstruation a mass appears in the lower abdomen, sometimes moving, with protrusion of the anterior yin and hemorrhoidal nodules at the posterior yin, these are Shan diseases in women. However, in women, these are not called Shan but Jia.