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Having observed the lips, one must examine the *Chun Sibai* (Lip Four Whites, the white area surrounding the lips). The term "Chun Sibai" refers to the whitish hue found at the four margins of the lips. Consulting the *Neijing* (Classic of Internal Medicine), it is recorded that the Du Meridian reaches the Renzhong point, the Ren Meridian reaches the Chengjiang point, the Chong Meridian connects with the lips and mouth, the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian flanks the mouth and encircles the lips, and the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian flanks the mouth and intersects at the Renzhong point. The classics state: "The Spleen, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Sanjiao, and Bladder are the root of the granaries and the residence of Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi)." Their flourishing manifestation appears in the Chun Sibai, their nourishment lies in the muscles, they correspond to the Pungent flavor (Note: Text says Gan/Sweet, but standard TCM theory links Spleen/Stomach to Sweet/Gan. Text says "Qi Wei Gan", I will translate as Sweet/Pungent based on text "Gan"), and their color corresponds to Yellow. This belongs to the category of Supreme Yin and communicates with Earth Qi. Therefore, the chapter "Wu Yue Wu Shi" states: "The mouth and lips are the official organ of the Spleen." From a positional perspective, the upper part is Yang, the lower part is Yin; the left is Yang, the right is Yin. By observing the colors above, below, to the left, and to the right, one can distinguish the location of the disease above, below, left, or right. The five colors—Green, Red, Yellow, White, and Black—correspond to the Five Elements and match the Zang Organs. Excess indicates disease in the exterior; deficiency indicates disease in the interior. Fu Organs govern the exterior, while Zang Organs govern the interior. Thus, there is a distinction between luster/vitality and withering/despair, used to differentiate success or failure in prognosis. There is a distinction between floating/sinking and clear/turbid, used to differentiate exterior/interior and Yin/Yang. There is a distinction between slight/severe and dispersed/aggregated, used to differentiate deficiency/excess and chronic/new onset. By deducing from the principle of corresponding five colors, the symptoms can be known. By deducing from the principles of generation and restriction among the Five Elements, the favorable or unfavorable course can be known. By combining qi-color and position for deduction, the principles of Zang-Fu mutual overacting can also be known. The classics say: "The Five Zang and Six Fu organs inherently have specific locations. Observing the five colors: Yellow and Red indicate Heat; White indicates Cold; Green and Black indicate Pain." This is what is called "visible upon inspection." The *Qianjin Fang* states: "If the area below the nose is flat, it indicates Stomach disease. Slightly red indicates the onset of an abscess. Slightly black indicates Heat. Green indicates Cold. White indicates untreatable conditions. Black lips indicate prior Stomach disease. If slightly dry and thirsty, it is treatable; if not thirsty, it is untreatable." These are all essential points of complexion diagnosis. If combined with observation, listening/smelling, inquiry, and palpation, and analyzed in reference to the four seasons, the principles are inexhaustible and applications endless.

It is heard that teeth in the upper jaw are called "Chi," those in the lower jaw are called "Ya," those on the sides are "Ya," and those in the middle are "Chi." However, "Chi" generally refers to the bones in the mouth, primarily responsible for mastication. The *Kongzi Jiayu* states: "Males grow teeth at eight months and replace them at eight years. Females grow teeth at seven months and replace them at seven years." Generally, teeth are the culmination of bone structure. The classics state: Males replace teeth at age eight, true teeth (molars) emerge at 3x8=24, and teeth wither at 7x8=56. Females replace teeth at age seven, true teeth emerge at 3x7=21, and teeth wither at 7x7=49. The character "Chi" implies beginning and age. It is the external marker of the Kidney and the remnant of bone. Distinctions between young and old are made here; manifestations of vigor and decline appear here. In terms of form, many and long teeth indicate maturity; few and small teeth indicate youth. In terms of color, yellowish teeth indicate maturity; white teeth indicate youth. These are normal variations of aging, not pathological changes. When disease occurs and changes are observed, there are guiding principles. First, changes in appearance; second, changes in qi-color. Observing moisture or dryness reveals Cold or Heat; observing withered/bright states determines life or death prognosis. Regarding appearance changes: grinding teeth indicates pathogenic factors entering the Stomach; gnashing teeth indicates Wind invading the meridians. Lower tooth decay relates to the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian; upper tooth decay relates to the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. Teeth that are long but withered indicate exhaustion of Bone Qi first; teeth that fall out indicate a ominous prognosis. Regarding qi-color changes: sudden yellowing of teeth indicates Kidney Deficiency; sudden blackening indicates Kidney Heat. Moisture indicates sufficient Body Fluids; dryness indicates depletion of Body Fluids. Withered form and color indicate impending exhaustion of Essence-Qi; bright form and color indicate un-depleted Essence-Qi. Analyzed in detail and viewed mutually, combined with the five sensory organs and the four diagnostic methods, the differentiation of auspicious/inauspicious and deficiency/excess becomes as clear as looking at one's palm. As for the gums' form and color, swelling and protrusion indicate Excess, while depression and sinking indicate Deficiency; deep red indicates excessiveness, while pale red indicates insufficiency. These can be deduced by analogy with the methods for diagnosing the lips.