经云。黄赤为风。又云。黄赤为热。夫黄者。脾胃之色。亦湿土之色也。六部十法。咸可交推。五色四时。皆当参
究者也。如一身尽疼。发热。身色如熏黄者。湿家之为病也。面黄发热。身重体痛者。湿在表也。面黄润而微
者。湿热也。湿家病。身上疼痛。发热面黄而喘。头痛鼻塞而烦。其脉大。自能饮食。腹中和无病。病在头中寒
湿。故鼻塞也。黄而昏滞者。寒湿也。身痛。面色微黄。齿垢黄。爪甲上黄者。黄胆也。黄如栀子者。黄胆也。风湿
相搏。食谷即眩。谷气不消。胃中苦浊。浊气下流。小便不通。阴被其寒。热流膀胱。身体尽黄者。谷疸也。黄而
昏黑者。女劳酒疸也。目青面黑。心中如啖蒜齑状。大便正黑。皮肤不仁。其脉浮弱。虽黑微黄者。黑疸也。疸
病面红黄。口渴。尿赤色亮。身热者。阳黄也。疸病口不渴。面色暗黄。身冷如冰者。阴黄也。疸病面黑黄。作渴
腹胀者。难治也。儿生遍体面目皆黄。其色如金者。苔黄也。一身面目黄肿。其脉沉。小便不利者。里水也。唇
黄者。脾病也。色萎黄者。脾虚也。鼻端色黄。腠理开。汗大泄。体痒淫淫如鼠走者。肌痹不已。复感于邪。内合
于脾也。风气二池如黄土者。脾伤也。色薄微黄。不嗜食。身体怠惰。四肢不欲动。多汗恶风。鼻上色黄者。脾
风也。面黄身体不仁。不能行步。饮食失味。梦寐倒错。与亡人相随者。脾风发也。面黄腹大。喜痢者。脾痫也。
痫发面黄腹满。吐利酸臭。时时发搐者。食痫也。色黄而肉濡动者。脾热也。面黄目赤。季胁痛满者。脾热也。
喜欠善嚏。清涕出。发热色黄者。中寒也。黄而兼白者。脾胃虚寒也。黄而兼青者。脾虚泄泻也。黄白无泽者。
脾肺气虚也。黄而枯 者。胃病虚热也。黄而色淡者。胃病虚寒也。腹胀食少。精神倦怠。面黄肌瘦者。虚胀
也。黄而虚肿食少者。虚极也。色苍黄。腹筋起。腹胀身皆大。大与肤胀等者。鼓胀也。面黄大便黑。喜忘如狂
者。内有蓄血也。凡面黄者。知其大便难也。一黄一白如蟹爪路者。食积也。安卧色黄。脉小而涩者。不嗜食
也。小儿面黄肿者。积证也。面色青黄。肌肉消瘦。皮毛憔悴。眼睛发HT 。腹坚且大。青筋暴露者。疳病之证也。
面色乍黄乍白者。疳积也。面黄羸瘦。毛发作穗。鼻痒者。脑疳也。脊骨如锯。拍背如鼓。面黄瘦者。脊疳也。项
内有核。便利脓血。羸瘦面黄发热者。无辜疳也。腹胀筋青。面色萎黄。毛焦骨立。好食泥土。乳食不消。身有
疮疥者。脾疳也。腹大头细。黄瘦者。丁奚疳也。身瘦面黄。有疮疥。或泻青黄白色。或如垢腻如烂泥者。疳泻
也。身热腹大。昏睡面黄。四肢无力。鼻烂汁臭。齿龈生疮。或下利黑血者。小儿疳 。腹中有虫也。面目青黄。
力乏身痛。唇舌焦干。眉发脱落。腹中切痛。或如虫啮。或如虫行者。虫疰也。腹中块起。按之不见。肿聚往来。
痛无休止。五更心嘈。牙关强硬。呕吐涎沫清水。面色青黄。饮食不生肌肤者。虫证也。眼眶鼻下青黑。面色
萎黄。脸有血丝几条如蟹爪者。亦虫证也。面黄唇白者。虚寒泄泻也。色深黄者。伤食吐利也。脉弦浮大而
短气。腹部满。胁下及心痛。久按之。气不通。鼻干。不得汗。嗜卧。一身及面目悉黄。小便难。有潮热。时时哕。耳
前后肿者。阳明中风之证也。面目悉黄。有潮热者。胃热也。黄而目窠下微肿者。痰饮也。色黄脉大而虚者。
有积气在腹中。厥疝之证也。色黄而赤。肾脉搏坚而长者。当病折腰。其 而散者。当病少血。至令不复也。
脾脉搏坚而长。其色黄。当病少气。其 而散。色不泽者。当病足 肿。若水状也。色黄脉浮大而长。心下累
累如桃李。腹满呕泄肠鸣。四肢重。足胫肿厥。不能卧者。脾积之证。饥则见。饱则减。 气与谷争减也。黄而
枯燥者。热伤津液也。黄而昏暗者。津液耗也。天庭黄赤者。上焦热也。脉微面色黄者。卫气衰也。寸口脉微
而涩。面色青黄。寒栗咳逆唾腥吐涎沫者。营卫俱微也。鼻头色黄者。胸上有寒也。鼻色惨黄者。脾败也。鼻
尖青黄者。其人必淋也。候其鼻准色黄者。知其小便难也。妇人面色如熏黄者。经脉不调也。肥人脉细色
黄者。胸上有寒也。小儿初出腹。面目绕鼻口左右悉黄。闭目而啼。聚口撮面。口中干燥。四肢不能伸缩者。
其血沮败。肌肉不成。血脉不敛也。黄而膏润者。脓也。黄而夺色者。久病也。久病色黄能食者。内热也。伤寒
太阳病。汗下后。复加烧针。心下痞。胸烦。面色青黄。肤 者难治。色微黄。手尺温者。易愈也。鼻头山根亮。目
黄者。病有起色也。脉和其人大烦。目重睑内际黄者。病欲解也。久病面转黄者。病欲愈也。隐隐微黄者。
病向愈也。诸病之色。如云彻散者。病将愈。易治也。两 有黄色起者。病方愈也。承浆黄者。不治之病也。口
角黄者。脾绝之候也。肾病黄黑色。 点如拇指应耳者。必卒死也。热病喘咳唾血。手足腹肿。面黄。振栗不
言者。肺先死。魄与皮毛俱去也。面黄目青。手乱者。邪风在胃。木克土也。面无精光如土色者。脾绝也。面无
精光若土色。不受饮食者。四日死也。口目动作。善惊妄言。色黄。其上下经盛不仁者。阳明终也。病者萎黄。
燥而不渴。胸中烦实。利不止者。脾胃绝也。真脾脉至。弱而乍疏乍数。色青黄不泽。毛折乃死者。脉无胃气。
木克土也。肾病手足逆冷。面赤目黄。小便不禁。骨节烦疼。小腹结痛。气冲于心。其脉当沉细而滑。今反浮
大。其色当黑而反黄者。此是土之克水。为大逆。十死不治。是皆黄色之目也。
The *Classic of Internal Medicine* states: Yellow and red complexions indicate Wind. It also states: Yellow and red complexions indicate Heat. Yellow is the color of the Spleen and Stomach, and also the color of Damp Earth. Through the Six Regions (Cun, Guan, Chi positions on both hands, each with Floating, Middle, and Deep levels) and Ten Methods (various inspection techniques), all can be comprehensively deduced. The changes of the Five Colors and Four Seasons should all be deeply investigated.
If the whole body aches, there is fever, and the complexion is yellow like smoked tobacco, this is the disease pattern of a patient with Dampness. If the face is yellow with fever, and the body is heavy with limb pain, this indicates Dampness in the Exterior. If the face is yellow, lustrous but slightly dull, this is Damp-Heat. In patients with Dampness, if there is body pain, fever, yellow face, wheezing, headache, nasal congestion, and irritability, with a large pulse, normal appetite, and a peaceful abdomen without pathology, this is due to Cold-Damp affecting the head, hence the nasal congestion. If the yellow complexion is dull and stagnant, this is Cold-Damp. If there is body pain, a slightly yellow face, yellow dental plaque, and yellow nails, this is Jaundice (*Huang Dan*). If the yellow color resembles Gardenia fruit, this is Jaundice. When Wind-Dampness combats each other, dizziness occurs immediately after eating; grain qi fails to digest, causing bitterness from turbid qi in the Stomach; turbid qi flows downward, leading to urinary obstruction; Yin is affected by Cold, while Heat flows into the Bladder, resulting in full-body yellowing; this is Grain Jaundice (*Gu Dan*). If the yellow complexion is dull and blackish, this is Female Labor Jaundice or Wine Jaundice. If the face is blue-black, the heart feels as if garlic paste has been consumed, stools are jet black, skin is numb, and the pulse is floating and weak, although blackish with a hint of yellow, this is Black Jaundice (*Hei Dan*). In Jaundice diseases, if the face is red-yellow, there is thirst, urine is dark red and bright, and there is body heat, this is Yang Jaundice (*Yang Huang*). If there is no thirst, the face is dark yellow, and the body is cold as ice, this is Yin Jaundice (*Yin Huang*). If the face is black-yellow, with thirst and abdominal distension, it is difficult to treat. If an infant is born with jaundice covering the whole body and face, with a golden color, this is Fetal Jaundice (*Tai Huang*). If the whole body and face are yellow and swollen, the pulse is deep, and urination is difficult, this is Interior Water (*Li Shui*). Yellow lips indicate Spleen disease. A sallow, lusterless complexion indicates Spleen Deficiency. A yellow nose tip, open pores, profuse sweating, and body itching with a sensation like mice crawling under the skin, indicates that My Bi (Muscle Bi) has not healed, external pathogens have been contracted again, and internally combined with the Spleen. If the "Two Pools of Wind Qi" (specific facial areas) are yellow like loess, the Spleen is injured. A thin, slightly yellow complexion, loss of appetite, bodily lethargy, unwillingness to move limbs, excessive sweating, aversion to wind, and yellowness above the nose indicate Spleen Wind (*Pi Feng*). A yellow face, bodily numbness, inability to walk, loss of taste in food, inverted dreams, and dreaming of following dead people, indicate the onset of Spleen Wind. A yellow face with abdominal distension and a tendency to dysentery indicates Spleen Epilepsy (*Pi Xian*). During epilepsy attacks, if the face is yellow, abdomen is full, vomiting and diarrhea have a sour odor, and frequent convulsions occur, this is Food Epilepsy (*Shi Xian*). A yellow face with muscle twitching indicates Spleen Heat. A yellow face with red eyes and pain/fullness in the hypochondrium indicates Spleen Heat. Frequent yawning, easy sneezing, clear nasal discharge, fever, and a yellow face indicate Middle Cold (*Zhong Han*). A yellow complexion mixed with white indicates Spleen-Stomach Deficient-Cold. A yellow complexion mixed with green indicates Spleen Deficiency with Diarrhea. A yellow-white complexion without luster indicates Spleen-Lung Qi Deficiency. A dry, yellow complexion indicates Stomach Disease with Deficient-Heat. A pale yellow complexion indicates Stomach Disease with Deficient-Cold. Abdominal distension, poor appetite, mental fatigue, a yellow face, and emaciation indicate Deficient Distension (*Xu Zhang*). A yellow, puffy face with poor appetite indicates Extreme Deficiency (*Xu Ji*). A grayish-yellow complexion, prominent abdominal veins, abdominal distension, and generalized swelling comparable to Pi Distension indicate Drum Distension (*Gu Zhang*). A yellow face, black stools, forgetfulness resembling mania, indicates Accumulated Blood inside. Generally, a yellow face indicates difficult defecation. A yellow-and-white complexion with patterns like crab claws indicates Food Retention (*Shi Ji*). Quiet lying down with a yellow face and a small, choppy pulse indicates lack of appetite. A yellow, swollen face in children indicates Accumulation Syndrome (*Ji Zheng*). A cyan-yellow face, emaciated muscles,憔悴 (withered) hair and skin, staring eyes, hard and enlarged abdomen, and exposed blue veins indicate Kan Disease (*Gan Bing*). Fluctuating yellow and white complexions indicate Kan Accumulation (*Kan Ji*). A yellow, emaciated face, hair forming tufts, and itchy nose indicate Brain Kan (*Nao Gan*). A spine protruding like a saw, a drum-like sound when patting the back, and a yellow, thin face indicate Spine Kan (*Ji Gan*). Neck nodules, pus and blood in stool/urine, emaciation, yellow face, and fever indicate Innocent Kan (*Wu Gu Gan*). Abdominal distension, blue veins, sallow face, scorched hair, bony prominence, geophagia (eating dirt), indigestion, and skin sores indicate Spleen Kan (*Pi Gan*). A large belly with a small head, yellow and thin, indicates Ding Xi Kan (*Ding Xi Gan*). Emaciation, yellow face, sores, or diarrhea of green/yellow/white stool, or stool resembling greasy mud, indicates Kan Diarrhea (*Kan Xie*). Fever, abdominal distension, somnolence, yellow face, limb weakness, rotting nose with foul discharge, gingival sores, or black bloody diarrhea indicates Pediatric Kan with intestinal worms. Cyan-yellow face, fatigue, body pain, dry scorching lips/tongue, falling eyebrows/hair, severe abdominal pain (like biting or crawling insects), indicates Worm Zhuan (*Chong Zhu*). Abdominal masses that rise and disappear upon pressure, intermittent swelling/pain, midnight epigastric discomfort, locked jaw, vomiting of saliva/clear fluid, cyan-yellow face, and failure of diet to nourish flesh indicate Worm Syndrome (*Chong Zheng*). Dark circles under eyes/nose, sallow face, and crab-claw-like blood vessels on the face also indicate Worm Syndrome. A yellow face with white lips indicates Deficient-Cold Diarrhea. A deep yellow complexion indicates Vomiting/Diarrhea due to Food Injury. A string-taut, floating, large, short pulse, shortness of breath, abdominal fullness, hypochondriac/cardiac pain unrelieved by pressure, dry nose, anhidrosis, somnolence, generalized jaundice, difficult urination, tidal fever, and occasional hiccups with ear/preauricular swelling indicate Yangming Wind Strike (*Yang Ming Zhong Feng*). Generalized jaundice with tidal fever indicates Stomach Heat. A yellow face with slight periorbital edema indicates Phlegm-Fluid (*Tan Yin*). A yellow face with a large, deficient pulse indicates Accumulated Qi in the abdomen, characteristic of Jue Hernia (*Jue Shan*). A yellow-red face with a firm, long Kidney pulse indicates Waist Fracture (severe lower back pain). If the pulse is scattered, it indicates Blood Deficiency that will not recover. A firm, long Spleen pulse with a yellow face indicates Shortness of Breath. If the pulse is scattered and the face lacks luster, it indicates Edema of the lower legs resembling water. A yellow face with a floating, large, long pulse, subxiphoid masses like peaches/plums, abdominal fullness, vomiting/diarrhea, borborygmus, heavy limbs, edematous/cold lower legs, and inability to lie down indicates Spleen Accumulation (*Pi Ji*). Symptoms appear when hungry and subside when full, due to competition between Grain Qi and Pathogenic Qi. A dry, yellow complexion indicates Heat damaging Body Fluids. A dull, yellow complexion indicates Consumption of Body Fluids. A yellow-red forehead (Tian Ting) indicates Upper Jiao Heat. A fine pulse with a yellow face indicates Wei Qi Decline. A fine, choppy Cun Kou pulse, cyan-yellow face, chills, cough, reverse flow of Qi, bloody sputum, and salivation indicate simultaneous deficiency of Ying and Wei Qi. A yellow nose tip indicates Cold in the Upper Chest. A ghastly yellow nose indicates Spleen Failure. A cyan-yellow nose tip indicates the person likely suffers from Lin Syndrome (dysuria). Observing a yellow nose tip indicates difficult urination. A smoked-yellow face in women indicates Irregular Menstruation. A fine pulse with a yellow face in obese individuals indicates Cold in the Upper Chest. In newborns, yellowness around the nose/mouth, closed eyes crying, puckered mouth/face, dry mouth, and immobility of limbs indicate Blood Ruin, undeveloped muscles, and unconverged blood vessels. Yellow and greasy indicates Pus. Yellow and depleted color indicates Chronic Disease. Chronic disease with a yellow face but good appetite indicates Internal Heat. In Taiyang Disease of Cold Damage, after sweating/purging plus moxibustion/cauterization, if there is epigastric stuffiness, chest irritability, cyan-yellow face, and muscle twitching, it is difficult to treat; if the face is slightly yellow and the radial artery at the wrist is warm, it is easy to heal. Brightness at the nose tip/shan gen with yellow eyes indicates improvement. Harmonious pulse with restlessness and yellow inner eyelids indicates impending resolution. A turning yellow in chronic disease indicates healing. Subtle yellow indicates recovery approaching. Complexions clearing like dispersing clouds indicate imminent cure and ease of treatment. Yellow rising on the cheeks indicates the disease is just beginning to heal. Yellow at Cheng Jiang indicates incurable disease. Yellow at the corners of the mouth indicates Spleen Extinction. Yellow-black in Kidney disease, spots the size of a thumb corresponding to the ears, indicate sudden death. In Heat Disease, with wheezing/cough/bloody sputum, edema of limbs/abdomen, yellow face, shivering, and mutism, the Lung dies first, with Po and Skin/Hair departing. A yellow face with green eyes and chaotic hand movements indicates Evil Wind in the Stomach, where Wood overacts on Earth. A face lacking luster, looking like earth, indicates Spleen Extinction. A face lacking luster like earth, unable to accept food, indicates death within four days. Mouth/eye distortion, fright, delirium, yellow face, and excess/non-sensibility in upper/lower meridians indicate the end of Yangming. A patient with a sallow face, dryness without thirst, chest irritability/fullness, and intractable diarrhea indicates Spleen-Stomach Extinction. True Spleen Pulse arriving: weak, alternating slow/fast, cyan-yellow lusterless face, withering hair indicates death due to lack of Stomach Qi, where Wood overacts on Earth. Kidney Disease with cold extremities, red face/yellow eyes, urinary incontinence, bone/joint pain, lower abdominal binding pain, Qi rushing to the heart: the pulse should be deep/fine/slipping, but is now floating/large; the color should be black but is yellow; this is Earth overacting on Water, a major reversal, ten deaths, untreatable. These are all observations regarding the color Yellow.